{"id":121618,"date":"2026-11-03T05:40:47","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121618.html"},"modified":"2026-11-03T05:40:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T21:40:47","slug":"c%e9%9b%b6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e7%ac%ac2%e5%91%a8%ef%bc%9a%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e3%80%81%e8%bf%90%e7%ae%97%e7%ac%a6%e4%b8%8e%e8%a1%a8%e8%be%be%e5%bc%8f%e5%ae%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121618.html","title":{"rendered":"C++\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7b2c2\u5468\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff08\u964420\u6bb5\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801+\u907f\u5751\u6e05\u5355\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x1f4cb; \u672c\u5468\u5b66\u4e60\u5730\u56fe<\/li>\n<li>1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6574\u578b\u5bb6\u65cf&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u6570&#034;\u5c31\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u6574\u578b\u5168\u666f\u8868<\/li>\n<li>1.2 \u7528 &#096;&lt;cstdint&gt;&#096; \u56fa\u5b9a\u5bbd\u5ea6&#xff08;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5fc5\u5907&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>1.3 \u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1a;\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u662f UB&#xff0c;\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u56de\u7ed5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6d6e\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u654c\u4eba<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 \u4e09\u79cd\u6d6e\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/li>\n<li>2.2 \u7ecf\u5178\u9677\u9631&#xff1a;&#096;0.1 &#043; 0.2 !&#061; 0.3&#096;<\/li>\n<li>2.3 \u7279\u6b8a\u503c&#xff1a;inf \u4e0e NaN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801&#xff1a;&#096;char&#096; \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f&#034;\u5b57\u7b26&#034;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u56db\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>3.2 &#096;char&#096; \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6027\u9677\u9631<\/li>\n<li>3.3 UTF-8 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4\ufe0f\u20e3 &#096;auto&#096; \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc&#xff1a;\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f46\u6709\u5751<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>4.2 \u4e09\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5\ufe0f\u20e3 \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff1a;\u62ec\u53f7\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5acc\u591a<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>5.1 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u901f\u67e5&#xff08;\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5217\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>5.2 \u7ecf\u5178\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5751<\/li>\n<li>5.3 \u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c&#xff1a;&#096;&amp;&amp;&#096; \u548c &#096;||&#096; \u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6\ufe0f\u20e3 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;\u9690\u5f0f\u662f\u5751&#xff0c;\u663e\u5f0f\u662f\u5fb7<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>6.1 \u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>6.2 \u56db\u79cd\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/li>\n<li>6.3 \u63a8\u8350\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;&#096;static_cast&#096; &#043; &#096;size_t&#096; \u5b57\u9762\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>7\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u9ad8\u9891\u9762\u8bd5\u9898&#xff08;5 \u9053&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>8\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u9879\u76ee\u9a8c\u6536&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/li>\n<li>9\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u907f\u5751\u901f\u67e5\u8868&#xff08;\u8d34\u5899\u7248&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4da; \u672c\u6587\u662f\u300cC&#043;&#043; \u5168\u6808\u5f00\u53d1 30 \u5468\u8bfe\u7a0b\u300d\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u7b2c 2 \u5468\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u5468\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u61c2 C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362&#xff0c;\u5199\u51fa\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a&#034;\u7c7b\u578b&#034;\u800c\u51fa Bug \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>&#x1f4cb; 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ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u5468 \u00b7 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1. \u6574\u578b\u5bb6\u65cf<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2. \u6d6e\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>3. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>4. auto \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>5. \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>6. \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;\u6ea2\u51fa \/ \u7b26\u53f7\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e22\u5931 \/ \u6d6e\u70b9\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;char \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;auto \u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u5f15\u7528\/const<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8bef\u5224 \/ \u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;\u9690\u5f0f\u7a84\u5316 \/ static_cast<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u5468\u9879\u76ee&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6574\u578b\u5bb6\u65cf&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u6570&#034;\u5c31\u4e00\u6837<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u6574\u578b\u5168\u666f\u8868<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u6700\u5c0f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f4d\u6570\u5e38\u89c1\u5e73\u53f0\u4f4d\u6570&#xff08;x86_64&#xff09;\u5178\u578b\u8303\u56f4\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>short<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td>-32768 ~ 32767<\/td>\n<td>\u6781\u5c11\u7528&#xff0c;\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u8003\u8651<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>int<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">32<\/td>\n<td>-21\u4ebf ~ 21\u4ebf<\/td>\n<td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">32<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">32&#xff08;Windows&#xff09;\/ 64&#xff08;Linux&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u89c6\u5e73\u53f0<\/td>\n<td>\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u614e\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long long<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">64<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">64<\/td>\n<td>\u00b19.2\u00d710\u00b9\u2078<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981 64 \u4f4d\u65f6\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>unsigned \u7cfb\u5217<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u540c\u4e0a<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u540c\u4e0a<\/td>\n<td>0 ~ 2\u207f-1<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u3001size_t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5173\u952e\u8ba4\u77e5&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u53ea\u89c4\u5b9a\u6700\u5c0f\u4f4d\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u89c4\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u3002long \u5728 Windows \u662f 32 \u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5728 Linux \u662f 64 \u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0 Bug \u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 \u7528 &lt;cstdint&gt; \u56fa\u5b9a\u5bbd\u5ea6&#xff08;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5fc5\u5907&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstdint&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int8_t<\/span>   a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">128<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7cbe\u786e 8 \u4f4d\u6709\u7b26\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">uint8_t<\/span>  b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">255<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7cbe\u786e 8 \u4f4d\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int32_t<\/span>  c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100000<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7cbe\u786e 32 \u4f4d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">uint64_t<\/span> d <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f&#xff08;\u5b57\u8282&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int32_t<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 4<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">uint64_t<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5de5\u7a0b\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;\u6d89\u53ca\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528 &lt;cstdint&gt; \u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 int\/long\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 \u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1a;\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u662f UB&#xff0c;\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u56de\u7ed5<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;climits&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> maxInt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> INT_MAX<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2147483647<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ maxInt &#043; 1 \u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff08;UB&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> maxInt <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa -2147483648&#xff08;\u56de\u7ed5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u6389<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> u <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    u <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> u <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>                      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u56de\u7ed5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u662f 4294967295<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> u <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg 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polygon,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node .label,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-1e6a7WPNGMljbFsg :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>int \u6ea2\u51fa<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u7b26\u53f7&#xff1a;\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a UB\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4efb\u610f\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u4e49\u826f\u597d\u7684\u56de\u7ed5\u6a21 2\u207f \u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\/\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u4f46\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u614e\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u6d4b\u6ea2\u51fa&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8bd1\u52a0 -fsanitize&#061;unsigned-integer-overflow,signed-integer-overflow&#xff08;GCC\/Clang&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u62a5\u9519\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u6d6e\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u654c\u4eba<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u4e09\u79cd\u6d6e\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u89c1\u4f4d\u6570\u6709\u6548\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>float<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">32<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">~7 \u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u56fe\u5f62\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u3001\u7701\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>double<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">64<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">~15-16 \u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u62e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>long double<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">80\/128<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u226515 \u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff08;\u5e73\u53f0\u5dee\u5f02\u5927&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>2.2 \u7ecf\u5178\u9677\u9631&#xff1a;0.1 &#043; 0.2 !&#061; 0.3<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cmath&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iomanip&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">setprecision<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">17<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a;0.30000000000000004<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u76f8\u7b49\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7528 epsilon \u505a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> eps <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1e-9<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fabs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> eps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout 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span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-xTNYYAs1a6rO7AJI :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u7528 &#061;&#061; ?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u51e0\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e3a\u5047\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u793a 0.1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 fabs(a-b) &lt; eps ?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u63a8\u8350\u505a\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u8651 std::abs \/ \u76f8\u5bf9\u8bef\u5dee\u6216\u6539\u7528\u6574\u6570\u5206&#xff08;\u5982\u91d1\u989d\u7528\u5206&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u91d1\u989d\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 float\/double \u5b58\u94b1\u3002\u7528 long long \u5b58&#034;\u5206&#034;&#xff0c;\u6216\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u7279\u6b8a\u503c&#xff1a;inf \u4e0e NaN<\/h3>\n<p>inf\u662f\u8ba1\u6570\u51fa\u6765\u65e0\u9650\u5927\u3002 NaN\u662f\u8ba1\u6570\u51fa\u6765\u65e0\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;0.0\/0.0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f char \u662f\u5426\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5728 x86 GCC \u4e0a char \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;200 \u6ea2\u51fa\u53d8\u6210 -56<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u662f -56 \u6216 200<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> uc <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u660e\u786e\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>uc <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 200<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801&#xff1a;char \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f&#034;\u5b57\u7b26&#034;<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u56db\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u7f16\u7801\u5f15\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>char<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38 ASCII\/UTF-8 \u5355\u5143&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">C&#043;&#043;98<\/td>\n<td>\u5b57\u8282\u3001ASCII \u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>char8_t<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>UTF-8 \u7801\u5143<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">C&#043;&#043;20<\/td>\n<td>UTF-8 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>char16_t<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>UTF-16 \u7801\u5143<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">C&#043;&#043;11<\/td>\n<td>Windows\/Java \u751f\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>char32_t<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">4 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>UTF-32 \u7801\u5143<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">C&#043;&#043;11<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574 Unicode \u7801\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wchar_t<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2\/4 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">C&#043;&#043;98<\/td>\n<td>Windows API \u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>3.2 char \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6027\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f char \u662f\u5426\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5728 x86 GCC \u4e0a char \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;200 \u6ea2\u51fa\u53d8\u6210 -56<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u662f -56 \u6216 200<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> uc <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u660e\u786e\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>uc <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 200<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\/\u5b57\u8282\u65f6\u7528 unsigned char \u6216 std::byte&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;17&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u88f8 char\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 UTF-8 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;20&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709c&#043;&#043;29\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u54e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>     s8  <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> u8<span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u4f60\u597d&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ C&#043;&#043;20 \u8d77\u7c7b\u578b\u662f const char8_t*<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>u8string   u8s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> u8<span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u4f60\u597d, C&#043;&#043;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> u8s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">size<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b57\u8282\u6570&#xff08;UTF-8 \u4e2d\u6587 3 \u5b57\u8282\/\u5b57&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>4\ufe0f\u20e3 auto \u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc&#xff1a;\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f46\u6709\u5751<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>              <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> d <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3.14<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ double&#xff08;\u4e0d\u662f float&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> f <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3.14f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ float<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;A&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ char<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">string<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ std::string<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u4e09\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219 1&#xff1a;auto \u4f1a\u4e22\u6389\u9876\u5c42 const \u548c\u5f15\u7528 \u5982\u679c\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u6307\u9488\u672c\u8eabconst&#xff0c;auto\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u5c06\u53bb\u9664const\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c\u662fconst&#xff0c;\u63a8\u5bfc\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662fconst\u3002 \u5982\u679cauto\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4e22\u6389\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">#include &lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>int <span class=\"token function-name function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    int x <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    int<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> ref <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        \/\/ ref \u662f int<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>&#xff0c;\u548c x \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>    auto a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ref<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        \/\/ \u274c a \u662f int&#xff08;\u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u4e22\u6389&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u4e86 x \u7684\u503c<br \/>\n    a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             \/\/ \u6539 a \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd x<\/p>\n<p>    std::cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;x   &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x   <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token entity\" title=\"\\\\n\">\\\\n<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   \/\/ <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><br \/>\n    std::cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;a   &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a   <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token entity\" title=\"\\\\n\">\\\\n<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   \/\/ <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><br \/>\n    std::cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&amp;x  &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>x  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token entity\" title=\"\\\\n\">\\\\n<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std::cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;&amp;a  &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>a  <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;<span class=\"token entity\" title=\"\\\\n\">\\\\n<\/span>&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   \/\/ \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c \u2192 \u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u526f\u672c<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219 2&#xff1a;\u60f3\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5199 &amp; \u89c4\u5219 3&#xff1a;auto \u63a8\u5bfc\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;17 \u8d77&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;vector&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;C&#043;&#043;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u89c4\u5219 1&#xff1a;auto \u4f1a\u4e22\u6389\u9876\u5c42 const \u548c\u5f15\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ std::string&#xff08;const \u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff0c;\u53d1\u751f\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ const std::string<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u89c4\u5219 2&#xff1a;\u60f3\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5199 &amp;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int&amp;&#xff08;\u53ef\u4fee\u6539 v&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> cr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ const int&amp;&#xff08;\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u89c4\u5219 3&#xff1a;auto \u63a8\u5bfc\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25&#xff08;C&#043;&#043;17 \u8d77&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ auto x &#061; {1, 2, 3};   \/\/ std::initializer_list&lt;int&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ auto y &#061; {1, 2.0};    \/\/ \u274c \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear 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rect,#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-J7YCmmpu8cqmuwgJ :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>auto \u58f0\u660e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662fconst \/ \u5f15\u7528\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9876\u5c42 const \/ \u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u9664\u975e\u663e\u5f0f\u5199 const auto \/ auto&amp;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u503c\u63a8\u5bfc&#xff0c;\u53d1\u751f\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528 const auto&amp; \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff08;int\/double&#xff09;\u6309\u503c\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5b9e\u6218\u53e3\u8bc0&#xff1a;\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528 auto&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528 const auto&amp;&#xff0c;\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528 auto&amp;\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>5\ufe0f\u20e3 \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff1a;\u62ec\u53f7\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5acc\u591a<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u901f\u67e5&#xff08;\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5217\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td>::<\/td>\n<td>\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td>() [] . -&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u4e0b\u6807\u3001\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td>&#043;&#043; &#8211;&#xff08;\u540e\u7f00&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u7f6e\u81ea\u589e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<td>&#043;&#043; &#8211;&#xff08;\u524d\u7f00&#xff09; ! ~ -&#xff08;\u8d1f\u53f7&#xff09; *&#xff08;\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff09; &amp;&#xff08;\u53d6\u5740&#xff09; sizeof<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u5143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">5<\/td>\n<td>* \/ %<\/td>\n<td>\u4e58\u9664\u6a21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">6<\/td>\n<td>&#043; &#8211;<\/td>\n<td>\u52a0\u51cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">7<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&lt; &gt;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u79fb\u4f4d&#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f4e\u4e8e\u52a0\u51cf&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">8<\/td>\n<td>&lt; &lt;&#061; &gt; &gt;&#061;<\/td>\n<td>\u5173\u7cfb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">9<\/td>\n<td>&#061;&#061; !&#061;<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">10<\/td>\n<td>&amp;<\/td>\n<td>\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">11<\/td>\n<td>^<\/td>\n<td>\u6309\u4f4d\u5f02\u6216<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">12<\/td>\n<td>|<\/td>\n<td>\u6309\u4f4d\u6216<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">13<\/td>\n<td>&amp;&amp;<\/td>\n<td>\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e&#xff08;\u77ed\u8def&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">14<\/td>\n<td>||<\/td>\n<td>\u903b\u8f91\u6216&#xff08;\u77ed\u8def&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">15<\/td>\n<td>?:<\/td>\n<td>\u4e09\u76ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">16<\/td>\n<td>&#061; &#043;&#061; -&#061; \u7b49<\/td>\n<td>\u8d4b\u503c&#xff08;\u53f3\u7ed3\u5408&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">17<\/td>\n<td>,<\/td>\n<td>\u9017\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>5.2 \u7ecf\u5178\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5751<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5751 1&#xff1a;\u4f4d\u79fb\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4f4e\u4e8e\u52a0\u51cf<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e a &#043; (b &lt;&lt; 2) &#061; 9<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> y <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u62ec\u53f7&#xff0c;12<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5751 2&#xff1a;&amp; \u4f4e\u4e8e &#061;&#061;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> flags <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0b1010<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ if (flags &amp; 0b1000 &#061;&#061; 0)  \/\/ \u274c \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e flags &amp; (0b1000 &#061;&#061; 0) &#061; flags &amp; 0 &#061; 0<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>flags <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0b1000<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;bit3 \u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5751 3&#xff1a;\u8d4b\u503c\u53f3\u7ed3\u5408<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> q<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> q <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e p &#061; (q &#061; (r &#061; 0))<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5de5\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u6df7\u5408\u4e86 &lt;&lt;\u3001&amp;\u3001|\u3001&#061;&#061;\u3001?: \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5f8b\u52a0\u62ec\u53f7\u3002 \u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027 &gt; \u5c11\u6253\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.3 \u77ed\u8def\u6c42\u503c&#xff1a;&amp;&amp; \u548c || \u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">bool<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">safeCheck<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u5148\u5224\u7a7a\u518d\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u77ed\u8def\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>p <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">true<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">false<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">safeCheck<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ true<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">safeCheck<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ false&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD 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div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-aTrbYg3TiSlYxJoD :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>false<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>true<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>p !&#061; nullptr<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u8def&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u518d\u8ba1\u7b97 *p &gt; 0\u2705 \u907f\u514d\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba1\u7b97 *p &gt; 0<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>6\ufe0f\u20e3 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;\u9690\u5f0f\u662f\u5751&#xff0c;\u663e\u5f0f\u662f\u5fb7<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 \u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;vector&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5371\u9669 1&#xff1a;\u7a84\u5316&#xff08;\u5927\u8303\u56f4 \u2192 \u5c0f\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u4e22\u7cbe\u5ea6&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> pi <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3.14159<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> truncated <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> pi<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u6570\u88ab\u622a\u65ad&#xff08;\u4e0d\u662f\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165&#xff01;&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5371\u9669 2&#xff1a;\u6709\u7b26\u53f7 \u2194 \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> u <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> u<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>                   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c i \u88ab\u8f6c\u6210 unsigned&#xff0c;\u53d8\u6210 4294967295&#xff0c;\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5047<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5371\u9669 3&#xff1a;vector.size() \u8fd4\u56de size_t&#xff08;\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> k <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> k <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">size<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u26a0\ufe0f int \u4e0e size_t \u6bd4\u8f83&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u8b66\u544a<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5371\u9669 4&#xff1a;bool \u8f6c\u6362<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ptr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ptr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/* \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e ptr !&#061; nullptr *\/<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>6.2 \u56db\u79cd\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8f6c\u6362\u7528\u9014\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>static_cast&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u5173\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362&#xff08;\u6570\u503c\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0a\u884c&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u26a0\ufe0f \u4e2d<\/td>\n<td>static_cast&lt;int&gt;(3.14)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dynamic_cast&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0b\u884c\u8f6c\u6362&#xff08;\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u2705 \u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>dynamic_cast&lt;Derived*&gt;(base)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const_cast&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u53bb\u6389\/\u52a0\u4e0a const<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u274c \u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>const_cast&lt;char*&gt;(cstr)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>reinterpret_cast&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u91cd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff08;\u6307\u9488\u2194\u6574\u6570&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">\u274c \u6781\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>reinterpret_cast&lt;uintptr_t&gt;(p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>6.3 \u63a8\u8350\u5199\u6cd5&#xff1a;static_cast &#043; size_t \u5b57\u9762\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;vector&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstddef&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> value <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">9.99<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> safe <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">static_cast<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>value<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u610f\u56fe\u660e\u786e&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>vector<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ C&#043;&#043;23&#xff1a;size_t \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u540e\u7f00 uz&#xff0c;\u5f7b\u5e95\u907f\u5f00\u7b26\u53f7\u6bd4\u8f83\u9677\u9631<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> idx <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0u<\/span>z<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> idx <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">size<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span>idx<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>idx<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8303\u56f4 for&#xff08;\u6700\u63a8\u8350&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> v<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet 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polygon,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 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.flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-GxjseqZX3YZpPmc0 :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u6570\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>static_cast \u2705<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u591a\u6001\u4e0b\u884c\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>dynamic_cast \u2705<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\u53bb const&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>const_cast \u26a0\ufe0f \u614e\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\/\u6574\u6570\u4f4d\u91cd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>reinterpret_cast \u274c \u6700\u540e\u624b\u6bb5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; C&#043;&#043; Core Guidelines \u5efa\u8bae&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 C \u98ce\u683c (int)x&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528 static_cast&lt;int&gt;(x)&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>7\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u9ad8\u9891\u9762\u8bd5\u9898&#xff08;5 \u9053&#xff09;<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tr>#\u9898\u76ee\u8003\u5bdf\u70b9\u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848\u8981\u70b9<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">1<\/td>\n<td>int \u548c long \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/td>\n<td>\u5e73\u53f0\u5dee\u5f02<\/td>\n<td>\u6807\u51c6\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u5c0f\u4f4d\u6570&#xff0c;Windows long 32 \u4f4d\u3001Linux 64 \u4f4d&#xff1b;\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7528 int32_t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">2<\/td>\n<td>0.1 &#043; 0.2 &#061;&#061; 0.3 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f false&#xff1f;<\/td>\n<td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u8868\u793a<\/td>\n<td>IEEE 754 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u793a 0.1&#xff0c;\u7d2f\u52a0\u6709\u8bef\u5dee&#xff1b;\u7528 epsilon \u6bd4\u8f83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">3<\/td>\n<td>size_t \u548c int \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u62a5\u8b66\u544a&#xff1f;<\/td>\n<td>\u7b26\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362<\/td>\n<td>int \u88ab\u8f6c\u6210\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u6570\u53d8\u5de8\u5927\u503c&#xff1b;\u7528 0uz \u6216 static_cast&lt;size_t&gt;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">4<\/td>\n<td>auto x &#061; 3.14; \u4e2d x \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1f;<\/td>\n<td>auto \u63a8\u5bfc<\/td>\n<td>double&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f float&#xff1b;\u8981 float \u5fc5\u987b\u5199 3.14f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">5<\/td>\n<td>static_cast \u548c reinterpret_cast \u533a\u522b&#xff1f;<\/td>\n<td>\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u4e49<\/td>\n<td>\u524d\u8005\u505a\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u503c\u8f6c\u6362&#xff0c;\u540e\u8005\u6309\u4f4d\u91cd\u89e3\u91ca&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u79fb\u690d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>8\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u9879\u76ee\u9a8c\u6536&#xff1a;\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u9700\u6c42&#xff1a;\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301 &#043; &#8211; * \/ %&#xff0c;\u8981\u6c42&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9664\u96f6\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u9664\u96f6\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u975e\u5d29\u6e83&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\u7528 double \u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4f46 % \u53ea\u5bf9\u6574\u6570\u751f\u6548&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7528 static_cast \u505a\u6240\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u7528 C \u98ce\u683c\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7528 auto \u58f0\u660e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528 const auto&amp;\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848&#xff08;\u5199\u5b8c\u518d\u770b&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cmath&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> op<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5982 3.5 &#043; 2&#xff09;&#xff1a;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cin <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> op <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">switch<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>op<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;&#043;&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;-&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;*&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;\/&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fabs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1e-12<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u9664\u6570\u4e3a\u96f6\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">case<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;%&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">static_cast<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">%<\/span> <span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">static_cast<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">default<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u672a\u77e5\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\"> 3 \/ 0 \u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5d29\u6e83<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\"> 5.5 % 2 \u8f93\u51fa 1&#xff08;\u6574\u6570\u53d6\u6a21&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\"> \u7f16\u8bd1\u52a0 -Wall -Wextra \u65e0\u8b66\u544a<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\"> \u6240\u6709\u8f6c\u6362\u90fd\u662f static_cast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>9\ufe0f\u20e3 \u672c\u5468\u907f\u5751\u901f\u67e5\u8868&#xff08;\u8d34\u5899\u7248&#xff09;<\/h2>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear 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ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .label text,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node rect,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node circle,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node .label,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-YSML9D9UTgG3lNLm :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u5468\u907f\u5751\u6e05\u5355<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d6e\u70b9<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>auto<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 cstdint 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