{"id":121599,"date":"2026-11-03T04:40:39","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T20:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121599.html"},"modified":"2026-11-03T04:40:39","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T20:40:39","slug":"hcia%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%ef%bc%9aospf%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121599.html","title":{"rendered":"HCIA\u5165\u95e8\uff1aOSPF\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"

OSPF \u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6<\/h3>\n

\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b3e\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae，\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u7b97\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u6b3e\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u597d\u574f，\u770b\u4e09\u70b9：<\/p>\n

  • \u9009\u8def<\/li>\n
  • \u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n
  • \u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90<\/li>\n

    \u7531\u6b64\u5224\u65ad RIP \u548c OSPF：<\/p>\n

    1. \u9009\u8def<\/p>\n

    OSPF \u662f\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u578b\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u6536\u96c6\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u540e，\u5c06\u56fe\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u8fc7 SPF \u7b97\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6811\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u597d\u5904\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u73af\u8def，\u5e76\u4e14 OSPF \u4ee5\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u9500\u503c\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6b64\u9879 OSPF \u4f18\u4e8e RIP\u3002<\/p>\n

    2. \u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

    \u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\u3002OSPF \u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u4e8e RIP，\u6240\u4ee5\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f18\u4e8e RIP\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b，RIP \u4f20\u9012\u7684\u662f\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f，\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u4e0d\u5927；OSPF \u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u5927\u4e8e RIP\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f46 OSPF \u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf RIP \u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0，\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9488\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b，OSPF \u7565\u4f18\u4e8e RIP\u3002<\/p>\n

    RIP \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001OSPF \u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n

    OSPF \u2014\u2014 Open Shortest Path First，\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

      \n
    • OSPFv1：\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9636\u6bb5\u592d\u6298<\/li>\n
    • OSPFv2：\u7528\u4e8e IPv4<\/li>\n
    • OSPFv3：\u7528\u4e8e IPv6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2.1 \u4e0e RIPv2 \u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9<\/h4>\n
    • OSPFv2 \u548c RIPv2 \u4e00\u6837，\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae，\u90fd\u652f\u6301 VLSM \u548c CIDR<\/li>\n
    • \u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u7ec4\u64ad\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014224.0.0.5 \u548c 224.0.0.6<\/li>\n
    • \u90fd\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u5f00\u9500\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/li>\n

      2.2 \u4e0e RIPv2 \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9<\/h4>\n

      RIP \u534f\u8bae\u53ea\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u800c OSPF \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

      OSPF \u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883，\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u2014\u2014\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df，\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u533a\u57df OSPF \u7f51\u7edc<\/li>\n
      • \u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df，\u79f0\u4e3a\u591a\u533a\u57df OSPF \u7f51\u7edc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n

        \u4e09\u3001\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206<\/h3>\n

        3.1 \u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/h4>\n

        \u8ba9\u533a\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u9012\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u5c0f，\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.2 \u533a\u57df\u8fb9\u754c\u8bbe\u5907 ABR<\/h4>\n

        \u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df，\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a ABR \u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.3 \u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n
      • \u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728 ABR \u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n
      • \u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u661f\u578b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u5212\u5206\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u57df\u79f0\u4e3a\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df，\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a\u975e\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df，\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u56f4\u7ed5\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206<\/li>\n

        3.4 \u533a\u57df ID<\/h4>\n

        \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5bf9\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406，\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u533a\u57df ID，\u7531 32 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6784\u6210，\u91c7\u7528\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df\u7684 ID \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a 0\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.5 \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u578b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7279\u5f81<\/h4>\n

        RIP \u7f3a\u5c11\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4fdd\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u56db\u3001OSPF \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

        4.1 \u4e94\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/h4>\n

        1. Hello \u5305<\/h5>\n

        \u7528\u6765\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u6d3b\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb，\u4e13\u95e8\u505a\u4fdd\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Hello \u65f6\u95f4：\u9ed8\u8ba4 10s<\/li>\n
        • Dead time：4 \u500d\u7684 Hello \u65f6\u95f4（\u4e0d\u8981\u8bb0\u6210 40s）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          RID \u2014\u2014 router id，\u7528\u6765\u533a\u5206\u548c\u6807\u8bc6 OSPF \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

          RID \u7684\u8981\u6c42：<\/p>\n

        • \u5168\u7f51\u552f\u4e00<\/li>\n
        • \u683c\u5f0f\u7edf\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u91c7\u7528 IP \u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f（\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236）<\/li>\n

          RID \u7684\u83b7\u53d6：<\/p>\n

        • \u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u70b9\u8981\u6c42<\/li>\n
        • \u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u2014\u2014\u9996\u5148，\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3，\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 RID；\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u6ca1\u6709\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3，\u5219\u5728\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5927\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 RID<\/li>\n

          Hello \u5305\u8981\u643a\u5e26 RID\u3002<\/p>\n

          2. DBD \u5305<\/h5>\n

          \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63cf\u8ff0\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93（\u5b58\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f）\u91cc\u6709 LSA（\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a）\u3002<\/p>\n

          DBD \u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u800c\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\/\u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f，\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u5f55，\u4e0d\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5728 OSPF \u4e2d，\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u8f83\u5360\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u628a\u62d3\u6251\u505a\u6210\u6458\u8981（\u76ee\u5f55）\u53d1\u8fc7\u53bb，\u5bf9\u65b9\u636e\u6b64\u6311\u9009\u9700\u8981\u7684 LSA\/\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u518d\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u996d\u5e97\u5148\u770b\u83dc\u5355\u70b9\u83dc，\u800c\u975e\u5168\u505a\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

          DBD \u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6458\u8981\u800c\u975e\u5168\u91cf\u6570\u636e，DBD \u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u5168\u90e8\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u4f46\u62d3\u6251\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u591a，\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u53d1\u6458\u8981，\u5bf9\u65b9\u6309\u9700\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e，\u51cf\u5c11\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u2014\u2014\u201c\u83dc\u5355\u201d<\/p>\n

          3. LSR \u5305<\/h5>\n

          \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e DBD \u5305，\u8bf7\u6c42\u672a\u77e5\u7684 LSA \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

          DBD \u662f\u6458\u8981，LSR \u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u62ff\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u540e\u53ea\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u7684\u83dc\u3002\u2014\u2014\u201c\u70b9\u83dc\u201d<\/p>\n

          4. LSU \u5305<\/h5>\n

          \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u62a5\u6587，\u771f\u6b63\u643a\u5e26\u4e86 LSA \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e0a\u83dc\u201d<\/p>\n

          5. LSACK \u5305<\/h5>\n

          \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u5b8c\u6574 LSA \u4fe1\u606f\u540e，\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de ACK \u624d\u7b97\u6536\u5230，\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0a\u83dc\u540e\u7ed3\u8d26\u3002\u2014\u2014\u201c\u7ed3\u8d26\u201d<\/p>\n

          OSPF \u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u5957\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u5927\u95ee\u9898，\u907f\u514d\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u62d3\u6251\u548c LSA \u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u7ed9\u90bb\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n

          OSPF \u91cc\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u5b58，\u9760 ACK \u786e\u4fdd LSA \u53ef\u9760\u9001\u8fbe，\u9760 Hello \u7ef4\u6301\u90bb\u5c45\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

          OSPF \u867d\u5df2\u6709\u4fdd\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236，\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65e0\u9700\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc，LSA \u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5927，\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u591f\u81ea\u4fe1，\u5c31\u52a0\u4e86\u4fdd\u5e95\u673a\u5236：OSPF \u5b58\u5728 30min \u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u8fd9 30 \u5206\u949f\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u6781\u4f4e，\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002OSPF \u7684\u53ef\u9760\u9760\u4fdd\u6d3b+\u786e\u8ba4，\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5fc5\u9700；30 \u5206\u949f\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u53ea\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u4fdd\u5e95，\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u9ad8\u9891\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

          4.2 \u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h4>\n

          \u72b6\u6001\u673a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55"\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48"\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6，\u53eb router id，\u5982 R1 \u662f 1.1.1.1，R2 \u662f 2.2.2.2\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4e24\u8005\u672a\u901a\u4fe1\u524d\u4e92\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6，\u5904\u4e8e Down \u72b6\u6001，\u5373\u6ca1\u53d1\u5305\u65f6\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

          R1 \u9996\u53d1 Hello \u5305，\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u6d3b\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5305\u91cc\u643a\u5e26\u4e24\u9879\u5185\u5bb9：\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 router id \u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u90bb\u5c45\u7684 router id；\u6b64\u65f6 R1 \u4e0d\u77e5\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u6709\u8c01，\u6545\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002R2 \u6536\u5230\u8be5\u5305\u540e\u4fbf\u83b7\u77e5\u4e86 R1 \u7684\u8eab\u4efd，\u540e\u7eed\u518d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

          OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u5efa\u7acb\u91cc，\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1 Hello \u5305\u524d\u662f Down \u72b6\u6001，\u53d1\u5b8c\u540e\u53d8 Init \u72b6\u6001\u3002R2 \u6536\u5230 R1 \u7684 Hello \u540e\u4e5f\u53d1 Hello，\u542b\u81ea\u5df1 router id \u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u90bb\u5c45 router id\u3002R1 \u6536\u5230\u540e\u53d1\u73b0 R2，\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u90bb\u5c45\u8868，\u5e76\u628a R2 \u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a Two-way（\u53cc\u5411）\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5f53\u6536\u5230\u7684 Hello \u5305\u91cc\u5e26\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 router id，\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u65b9\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1，\u5c31\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a Two-way\u3002\u50cf R1 \u6536\u5230 R2 \u7684\u5305\u4e2d\u6709\u81ea\u5df1 router id，\u77e5\u9053 R2 \u5df2\u8bc6\u5df1，\u6545\u7f6e R2 \u4e3a Two-way\u3002\u8fd9\u533a\u522b\u4e8e Init\u2014\u2014Init \u4ec5\u662f\u5df1\u65b9\u53d1\u4e86 Hello \u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u4e92\u8bc6，Two-way \u624d\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5728 OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u5efa\u7acb\u91cc，Two-way \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5207\u6362\u65f6\u673a\u662f：\u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u6536\u5230\u542b\u81ea\u5df1 router id \u7684 Hello \u5305\u65f6，\u5c31\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9\u5207\u5230 Two-way \u72b6\u6001，\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u540e，\u9700\u505a\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d：\u53ea\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001，\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u505c\u7559\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u72b6\u6001，\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u6027\u62a5\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u53cc\u65b9\u5148\u8fdb\u5165 ExStart \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b，R1 \u4f1a\u53d1\u9001 DBD \u6570\u636e\u5305（\u534e\u4e3a\u79f0 DD \u6570\u636e\u5305），\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5728 OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2d，R1 \u548c R2 \u90fd\u5904\u4e8e ExStart \u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u53d1 DBD \u5305\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f Master（\u4e3b\u4eba），\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u6ca1\u6709\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684 DBD \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u4e3e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9519\u5f00 LSA \u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u51cf\u5c11\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u3002\u867d\u4e3b\u662f R2，\u4f46\u4ece\u5148\u8fdb\u5165 Exchange \u72b6\u6001，\u5411\u4e3b\u53d1\u9001 DD \u5305，\u91cc\u9762\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u662f LSDB \u4e2d LSA \u7684\u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3b\u4f1a\u7b49\u4ece\u53d1\u5b8c\u6458\u8981\u540e，\u624d\u8fdb\u5165 Exchange \u72b6\u6001，\u518d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 LSA \u6458\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u4ece\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u9009\u4e3e\u89c4\u5219\u662f：\u6bd4\u8f83 router id，\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b（Master）\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 R1 \u7684 id \u662f 1.1.1.1，R2 \u662f 2.2.2.2，\u90a3\u4e48 R2 \u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u521d\u671f\u53d1\u7684 DBD \u5305\u662f\u7a7a\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u672a\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684，\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4ece\u9009\u4e3e，\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e3b\u4ece\u9009\u5b8c\u624d\u8fdb\u5165 Exchange \u9636\u6bb5\u4f20\u771f\u5b9e\u6458\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

          OSPF \u7528\u9690\u6027\u786e\u8ba4，TCP \u7528\u663e\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u9690\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u662f OSPF \u7684\u7279\u8272：\u9009\u4e3e\u4e3b\u4ece\u524d，R1\u3001R2 \u5404\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（\u5982 x\u3001y）；\u4e3b\u4ece\u9009\u5b8c\u540e，\u4ece\u8bbe\u5907\u6539\u7528\u8001\u5927\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8001\u5927\u53d1 y，\u4ece\u56de y，\u8001\u5927\u89c1\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u7684 y \u88ab\u56de，\u5c31\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u6536\u59a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u50cf TCP \u4e13\u95e8\u56de\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7，\u800c\u662f\u501f\u56de\u663e\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u95f4\u63a5\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

          4.3 \u4e03\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • Down：\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u5305\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001（Init）<\/li>\n
          • Init：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u6536\u5230 Hello \u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u5730\u7684 RID \u65f6，\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n
          • Two-way：\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u72b6\u6001，\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\n
              \n
            • \u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d：\u53ea\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001，\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u505c\u7559\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u72b6\u6001，\u4ec5\u7528 Hello \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4fdd\u6d3b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • ExStart：\u9884\u542f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684 DBD \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9009\u4e3e，\u6bd4\u8f83 RID，RID \u5927\u7684\u4e3a\u4e3b，\u4e3a\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u83b7\u53d6 LSA \u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n
            • Exchange：\u4ea4\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684 DBD \u5305\u4ea4\u6362 LSDB \u7684\u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n
            • Loading：\u52a0\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 LSR\u3001LSU\u3001LSACK \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u7684 LSA \u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n
            • Full：\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5efa\u7acb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              4.4 \u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

              \u987a\u5229\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

              \u542f\u52a8 OSPF \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，OSPF \u534f\u8bae\u5411\u672c\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5\u7ec4\u64ad（224.0.0.5）\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u5305，Hello \u5305\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 RID，\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u5730\u5df2\u77e5\u90bb\u5c45\u7684 RID\u3002\u4e4b\u540e，\u5c06\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u90bb\u5c45\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u505c\u7559\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb，\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 Hello \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u6d3b；\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f，\u5219\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u9996\u5148，\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684 DBD \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u4e3e；\u4e4b\u540e，\u4f7f\u7528\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u7684 DBD \u5305\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u6458\u8981\u4fe1\u606f；\u4e4b\u540e，\u57fa\u4e8e DBD \u5305，\u901a\u8fc7 LSR\u3001LSU\u3001LSACK \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u672a\u77e5\u7684 LSA \u4fe1\u606f，\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684 LSA \u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7684 LSDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u2014\u2014\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6700\u540e，\u57fa\u4e8e LSDB，\u4f7f\u7528 SPF \u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97，\u5f97\u5230\u672a\u77e5\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f，\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6536\u655b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u6d3b，\u6bcf 30min \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5468\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u60c5\u51b5：\u7ed3\u6784\u7a81\u53d8<\/p>\n

            • \u7a81\u7136\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5<\/li>\n
            • \u7a81\u7136\u65ad\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5<\/li>\n
            • \u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u4fe1\u2014\u2014dead time<\/li>\n

              \u7ed3\u6784\u7a81\u53d8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6700\u7b80\u5355，\u53ea\u9700\u65b0\u589e\u7f51\u6bb5\u3001\u65ad\u5f00\u7f51\u6bb5\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bbe\u5907\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 R1 \u540e\u5efa\u73af\u56de\u53e3 Loopback1，\u914d 192.168.1.1\/24\u3002\u521a\u521b\u5efa\u73af\u56de\u65f6，R2\u3001R3 \u5b66\u4e0d\u5230\u8be5\u7f51\u6bb5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u5ba3\u544a\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b，\u76f4\u8fde\u8def\u7531\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5ba3\u544a（\u6fc0\u6d3b）\u63a5\u53e3，\u624d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7a81\u589e\u7f51\u6bb5\u5e76\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
              \n\u5148\u914d router id \u4e3a 1.1.1.1，\u8bbe\u5907\u968f\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u533a\u57df，\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001 Hello \u5305，\u6bcf 10 \u79d2\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6d3b，\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7ec4\u64ad 224.0.0.5\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u7528 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 \u5ba3\u544a\u63a5\u53e3\u540e，\u7acb\u523b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u5305：LSU \u5305（\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0）\u548c LSACK \u5305（\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4）\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u90bb\u5c45\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u8def\u7531\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4ea4\u4e92\u5305，\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5355\u7eaf\u4fdd\u6d3b\u7684 Hello\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u91cc\u7a81\u7136\u65b0\u589e\u7f51\u6bb5\u65f6，\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u7528\u5148\u5efa\u90bb\u5c45，\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1 LSU \u5305\u901a\u544a，\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de ACK；\u7a81\u7136\u65ad\u5f00\u7f51\u6bb5\u540c\u7406，\u5220\u5ba3\u544a\u540e R1 \u7acb\u523b\u53d1 LSU \u544a\u77e5\u90bb\u63a5，\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de ACK\u3002\u8fd9\u90fd\u53eb\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0，\u548c RIP \u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u4e94\u3001OSPF \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n

              \u5212\u5206：\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"### 5.1 \u542f\u52a8 OSPF \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

              [R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
              \n[R1-ospf-1]<\/p>\n

              5.2 \u521b\u5efa\u533a\u57df<\/h4>\n

              [R1-ospf-1]area 0
              \n[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]<\/p>\n

              5.3 \u5ba3\u544a<\/h4>\n

              \u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u610f\u4e49：<\/p>\n

            • \u6fc0\u6d3b\u63a5\u53e3：\u53ea\u6709\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u53d1 OSPF \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/li>\n
            • \u53d1\u5e03\u8def\u7531：\u53ea\u6709\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76f4\u8fde\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03<\/li>\n

              [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
              \n[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255<\/p>\n

              \u53cd\u63a9\u7801：\u7531\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 0 \u548c 1 \u7ec4\u6210，0 \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d，1 \u5bf9\u5e94\u53ef\u53d8\u4f4d\u30020 \u5728\u524d，1 \u5728\u540e，\u5e76\u4e14 0 \u548c 1 \u4e0d\u80fd\u7a7f\u63d2\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u516d\u3001\u4e09\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u770b<\/h3>\n

              6.1 \u90bb\u5c45\u8868<\/h4>\n

              \u67e5\u770b：display ospf peer<\/p>\n

              （\u601d\u79d1\u7528 neighborhood，\u4f46\u534e\u4e3a\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u6284\u88ad\u6539\u7528 display ospf peer，\u5176\u4e2d peer \u6307\u5bf9\u7b49\u4f53\u3002）
              \n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
              \nMTU \u662f\u6307\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 1500 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u770b\u5230 MTU \u540e\u9762\u5199\u7740 0，\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\u771f\u7684\u662f\u96f6，\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u534e\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u542f MTU \u68c0\u6d4b，\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u67e5 OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u522b\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5b8c\u6574\u8868，\u5185\u5bb9\u592a\u591a，\u7528 brief \u53c2\u6570\u770b\u7b80\u8868\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u7b80\u8868\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f：\u6bd4\u5982\u533a\u57df 0 \u4e2d\u63a5\u53e3 0\/0\/0 \u7684\u90bb\u5c45 router id \u662f 2.2.2.2，\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a FULL，\u8bf4\u660e R1 \u548c 2.2.2.2 \u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
              \n\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

              6.2 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868<\/h4>\n

              \u67e5\u770b：display ospf lsdb\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
              \n\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u6761 LSA：display ospf lsdb router 2.2.2.2<\/p>\n

              \u67e5\u770b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e00\u6761 LSA \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f：\u6267\u884c display ospf lsdb，\u52a0\u4e0a type \u7c7b\u578b（\u5982 router）\u548c link id（\u5982 2.2.2.2），\u5c31\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u5bf9\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f，\u5185\u5bb9\u8f83\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

              6.3 \u8def\u7531\u8868<\/h4>\n

              \u89c2\u5bdf IP routing table \u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7ecf OSPF \u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u6bb5 2.2.2.2\u3001\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a 32，\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5947\u602a，\u56e0\u4e3a R2 \u73af\u56de\u5b9e\u9645\u662f 2.2.2.0\/24\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u4f20\u9012\u7684\u662f\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u611f\u77e5 R2 \u540e\u8fde\u7684\u662f\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u800c\u975e\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002\u73af\u56de\u63a5\u53e3\u4ec5\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u3001\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a IP，\u6240\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u5176\u5f53\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5740，\u63a9\u7801\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u4e3a 32\u3002<\/p>\n

              6.4 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h4>\n

              OSPF \u5728\u534e\u4e3a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e3a 10\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4 0\u2013255，\u4e14\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3001\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002 10 \u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u76f4\u8fde，\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531，\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u82e5\u9759\u6001\u548c OSPF \u90fd\u914d\u4e86，\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u9009 OSPF，\u8bf4\u660e\u8bbe\u5907\u5bf9 OSPF \u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4eba\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8fd8\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

              6.5 \u5f00\u9500\u503c cost<\/h4>\n

              cost（\u5f00\u9500\u503c）：OSPF \u7528\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u9500\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f\u53cd\u5411\u5173\u7cfb，\u5e26\u5bbd\u5927\u53cd\u800c\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5f00\u9500 = \u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd \u00f7 \u771f\u5b9e\u5e26\u5bbd，\u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f 100 \u5146\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u771f\u5b9e\u5e26\u5bbd\u8d8a\u5927，\u5206\u6bcd\u8d8a\u5927，\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684 cost \u503c\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6837\u662f 100 \u5146\u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd，1000 \u5146\u94fe\u8def cost \u662f 0.1，100 \u5146\u94fe\u8def cost \u662f 1，\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u5b9e\u5e26\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5f00\u9500\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6309\u5c0f\u6570\u7b97，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e 0\u3002 \u6bd4\u5982\u94fe\u8def\u5f00\u9500\u662f 0.1，\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u53d6 1 \u800c\u975e 0，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e09\u6bb5 0.1 \u94fe\u8def\u76f8\u52a0\u5c31\u662f 1+1+1=3，\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e24\u6bb5\u76f8\u52a0\u4e3a 1+1=2\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u53e6\u5916，\u5c0f\u4e8e 1 \u7684\u5c0f\u6570（\u5982 0.1\u30010.2）\u7edf\u4e00\u53d6 1；\u5927\u4e8e 1 \u7684\u503c（\u5982 48.8\u300149.2）\u76f4\u63a5\u820d\u53bb\u5c0f\u6570\u53d6\u6574\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f OSPF \u5f00\u9500\u53d6\u6574\u7684\u89c4\u5219，\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u9009\u8def\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u9009\u8def\u4e0d\u4f73\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86：OSPF \u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u603b\u5f00\u9500，\u4e0b\u9762\u603b\u5f00\u9500 2 \u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762 3，\u4ecd\u4f1a\u9009\u4e0b\u9762，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f18\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4fee\u6539\u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd：bandwidth-reference<\/p>\n

              [R1-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference ?<\/p>\n

              \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

              \u4e03\u3001DR \u4e0e BDR<\/h3>\n

              7.1 \u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272<\/h4>\n

              DR \u2014\u2014 \u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668：\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185，DR \u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              BDR \u2014\u2014 \u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668：\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185，BDR \u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5176\u4f59\u8bbe\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              BDR \u662f DR \u7684\u5907\u4efd，\u4e00\u65e6 DR \u6545\u969c\u9700\u7acb\u523b\u9876\u4e0a\u3002\u82e5 BDR \u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u5efa\u90bb\u5c45\u800c\u4e0d\u5efa\u90bb\u63a5，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001，\u5907\u4efd\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185，BDR \u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u5176\u4f59\u8bbe\u5907\u4fdd\u6301\u90bb\u63a5，\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd DR \u5931\u6548\u65f6\u65e0\u7f1d\u63a5\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 OSPF \u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u91cc，DR \u548c BDR \u4f1a\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e24\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u90bb\u63a5；\u4e09\u53f0\u65f6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3a DR\u3001\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3a BDR，\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5404\u8bbe\u5907\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u90bb\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u8981\u770b\u5230\u975e\u90bb\u63a5\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb，\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u56db\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907：\u9664 DR\u3001BDR \u5916，\u5269\u4e0b\u4e24\u53f0\u65e2\u975e DR \u4e5f\u975e BDR \u7684\u8bbe\u5907，\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u5efa\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u975e\u90bb\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u89d2\u8272\u8bbe\u5907\u79f0\u4f5c DRother\u3002<\/p>\n

              DRother \u2014\u2014 \u5176\u4f59\u6ca1\u6709\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbe\u5907，\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              7.2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u9009\u4e3e<\/h4>\n

              \u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d：\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u4e2d，\u82e5\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5747\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb，\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u66f4\u65b0，\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u9009\u4e3e DR \u548c BDR，\u53ea\u8ba9 DR \u548c BDR \u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb，\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709 DRother \u4e4b\u95f4\u5168\u90e8\u7ef4\u6301\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

              7.3 \u9009\u4e3e\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n

              1. \u5148\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7，\u9009\u62e9\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5927\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4f5c\u4e3a DR \u8bbe\u5907，\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6b21\u5927\u7684\u4e3a BDR，\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u4e3a 1\u3002<\/p>\n

              [R2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0]ospf dr-priority ?
              \n INTEGER<0-255> Router priority value<\/p>\n

              \u6ce8\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6539\u4e3a 0，\u5219\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5c06\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e DR \u548c BDR \u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

              2. \u5982\u679c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u76f8\u540c，\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83 RID，RID \u5927\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3a DR，\u6b21\u5927\u7684\u4e3a BDR\u3002<\/p>\n

              DR \u548c BDR \u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5373\u4e00\u65e6\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u529f，\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u975e\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u9009\u4e3e\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u539f\u56e0，\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u9009\u4e3e\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u9519，\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0a：\u5148\u914d R2 \u518d\u914d R3\u3002\u5148\u914d\u7684 R2 \u5df2\u5b8c\u6210 DR \u548c BDR \u9009\u4e3e\u5e76\u9009\u5b9a DR；\u540e\u914d\u7684 R3 \u5373\u4f7f router id \u66f4\u5927\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u66f4\u9ad8，\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u62a2\u5360\u5df2\u9009\u597d\u7684 DR\u3002<\/p>\n

              DR\/BDR \u9009\u4e3e\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5373\u9009\u5b8c\u4e0d\u91cd\u6311；\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f，\u82e5\u542f\u7528，R3 \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5927\u5c31\u53ef\u4ece R2 \u62a2\u8fc7 DR\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u89d2\u8272\u5f52\u5c5e，\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u770b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6216 ID\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u91cc DR \u548c BDR \u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f，\u4e00\u65e6\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u529f，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u52a0\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u82e5\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907 router id \u8f83\u5927，\u8fdb\u6765\u540e\u53bb\u62a2 DR \u89d2\u8272，\u800c\u9009\u4e3e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u524d，\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270 LSA \u4ea4\u6362，\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6296\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 OSPF \u7684\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，DR \u548c BDR \u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5173：\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fd8\u80fd\u62a2\u89d2\u8272，\u4e00\u65e6\u8d85\u8fc7\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u89d2\u8272\u786e\u5b9a\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u62a2\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8be5\u6548\u679c：\u8ba9 R2 \u548c R3 \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8 OSPF，\u53ea\u8981\u5728 40 \u79d2（\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4）\u4e4b\u5185\u628a\u4e24\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u914d\u7f6e\u597d，R3 \u5bf9\u5e94\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a DR \u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u7684 DR \u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u7684，\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9 router id \u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u8a00；\u4fee\u6539\u63a5\u53e3\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u540e，\u65b0\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u62a2\u5360\u73b0\u6709 DR，\u9700\u7b49\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u7f6e\u624d\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5361\u5728 ExStart \u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684，\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u9700\u8fdb\u884c DR \u548c BDR \u7684\u9009\u4e3e，\u6b64\u65f6\u77ed\u6682\u5361\u987f\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u516b\u3001OSPF \u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n

              8.1 \u624b\u5de5\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/h4>\n

              [R1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 plain 123456<\/p>\n

              \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
              \n\u90bb\u5c45\u53cc\u65b9\u534f\u5546\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u4ee4，\u53e3\u4ee4\u5bf9\u4e0a\u624d\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e22\u5f03，\u9632\u9ed1\u5ba2\u4f2a\u9020\u3002RIP \u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u673a\u5236，OSPF \u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u8981\u53d1\u5305，\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u624b\u5de5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

              authentication-mode \u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u91cc：simple \u662f\u660e\u6587\u8ba4\u8bc1，none \u662f\u7a7a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u4e0d\u505a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u5230\u4e86 OSPF \u91cc\u4f1a\u7528 MD5 \u8ba4\u8bc1，\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n

              MD5：\u6bd4\u5982\u53e3\u4ee4 123456，\u7ecf MD5 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c，\u65e0\u6cd5\u9006\u63a8\u56de\u539f\u53e3\u4ee4，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u540e\u9762\u914d\u7f6e\u8981\u8f93 KID，\u5176\u4e2d K \u5373 KEY（\u94a5\u5319），\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n

              simple\u3001none\u3001MD5 \u4e09\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u533a\u522b：\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u660e\u6587\u548c\u7a7a\u8ba4\u8bc1，MD5 \u624d\u505a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u6821\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u63a5\u53e3\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236：\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u770b\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7684\u662f plain \u8fd8\u662f cipher\u2014\u2014plain \u8868\u793a\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6，cipher \u8868\u793a\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u505a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5bf9\u7aef\u6ca1\u505a\u65f6，\u672c\u7aef\u4e0d\u8ba4\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8def\u7531\u8868\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u8fd8\u5728，\u4f46\u65e5\u5fd7\u663e\u793a\u90bb\u5c45\u4ece full \u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u6210 down \u72b6\u6001，\u5373\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u65ad\u6389\u3002\u7528 display ospf peer \u53ef\u89c1\u5df2\u65e0\u90bb\u5c45；\u6b64\u65f6\u5373\u4fbf\u8def\u7531\u8868\u6682\u6709\u6761\u76ee，\u56e0\u90bb\u5c45\u6ca1\u4e86，\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 R2 \u7684 0\/0\/0 \u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e OSPF \u624b\u5de5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65f6，\u9700\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 interface 0\/0\/0\u3001ospf authentication-mode \u9009 MD5\u3001KID \u4e24\u7aef\u90fd\u914d 1，\u540e\u9762\u7684 plain\/cipher \u4ec5\u672c\u5730\u6709\u610f\u4e49，\u53ef\u968f\u610f\u586b\u3002\u914d\u5b8c\u53d1 Hello \u5305\u91cd\u5efa\u90bb\u5c45，R1 \u4e0a display ospf peer \u770b\u90bb\u5c45\u3001display ip routing-table \u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u53e6\u5916，OSPF \u624b\u5de5\u6c47\u603b\u548c\u9759\u6001\u3001RIP \u6c47\u603b\u4e0d\u540c：\u6c47\u603b\u53ea\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u4e14\u5e26\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

              8.2 \u624b\u5de5\u6c47\u603b<\/h4>\n

              [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 192.168.0.0 255.255.254.0<\/p>\n

              \u8fd9\u662f\u533a\u57df\u6c47\u603b\u3002<\/p>\n

              OSPF \u533a\u57df\u6c47\u603b\u53ea\u5728\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u505a，\u533a\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u4f20\u7684\u662f\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f，\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c47\u603b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u533a\u57df\u96f6\u91cc\u7684 R1\u3001R2\u3001R3，\u867d\u540c\u5c5e\u533a\u57df\u96f6，\u4f46\u5185\u90e8\u6ca1\u6cd5\u6c47\u603b；\u53ea\u6709\u50cf R1 \u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u53d1 192.168.0.0\/24 \u548c 1.0\/24 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u65f6，\u624d\u80fd\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 OSPF \u91cc，\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u6c47\u603b\u8981\u5728 ABR（\u533a\u57df\u8fb9\u754c\u8bbe\u5907）\u4e0a\u505a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f ABR \u628a\u533a\u57df\u96f6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u53d1\u7ed9\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6，\u5148\u8fdb OSPF \u8fdb\u7a0b，\u518d\u8fdb\u533a\u57df\u96f6，\u6572\u547d\u4ee4 abr-summary 192.168.0.0 255.255.254.0，\u628a\u533a\u57df\u96f6\u91cc\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u6c47\u603b\u540e\u53d1\u7ed9\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u5728\u6e90\u5934\u8def\u7531\u5668（\u5982 R1）\u5ba3\u544a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f51\u6bb5，\u8def\u7531\u53d1\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb，\u5bf9\u65b9（\u5982 R3）\u5c31\u5b66\u4e0d\u5230\u6c47\u603b\u8def\u7531\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u914d\u5b8c\u6c47\u603b\u8fd8\u5f97\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u6bb5\u5df2\u5ba3\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u547d\u4ee4\u91cc\u7684\u63a9\u7801 255.255.254.0 \u5bf9\u5e94 23 \u4f4d，\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a C \u6bb5\u7f51\u6bb5\u805a\u6210\u4e00\u6761，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u51cf\u5c11\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u8def\u7531\u5ba3\u544a\u65f6\u53ef\u505a\u8303\u56f4\u5ba3\u544a，\u628a\u540e\u7eed\u5982 0.0\u30011.0\u30012.0 \u7b49\u7f51\u6bb5\u90fd\u6db5\u76d6\u8fdb\u53bb，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 R3 \u7684 OSPF \u4e2d，\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5b66\u5230\u7684 0.0 \u548c 1.0 \u5b9e\u4e3a\u6c47\u603b\u540e\u7684 0.0-23 \u7f51\u6bb5，\u8fd9\u662f\u8303\u56f4\u5ba3\u544a\u540e\u7684\u805a\u5408\u6548\u679c\u3002\u800c R2 \u56e0\u8fd8\u8fde\u7740\u533a\u57df\u96f6，\u5b83\u672c\u5730\u5b66\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u6761\u660e\u7ec6\u8def\u7531；\u53ea\u6709\u5411\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u53d1\u65f6\u624d\u505a\u6c47\u603b\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6c47\u603b\u4ec5\u5728\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u901a\u544a\u65f6\u53d1\u751f，\u533a\u57df\u5185\u4ecd\u4f20\u660e\u7ec6\u3002<\/p>\n

              8.3 \u6c89\u9ed8\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n

              [R2-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0<\/p>\n

              \u914d\u7f6e\u6c89\u9ed8\u63a5\u53e3\u8981\u5728 OSPF \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0b\u7528 silent-interface \u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3，\u7528\u6cd5\u548c RIP \u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

              8.4 \u52a0\u901f\u6536\u655b<\/h4>\n

              \u52a0\u901f\u6536\u655b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\u3002OSPF \u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u6307 Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4fee\u6539 Hello \u65f6\u95f4：<\/p>\n

              [R2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0]ospf timer hello ?
              \n INTEGER<1-65535> Second(s)<\/p>\n

              \u4fee\u6539\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4：<\/p>\n

              [R2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0]ospf timer dead ?
              \n INTEGER<1-235926000> Second(s)<\/p>\n

              \u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u90bb\u5c45\u53cc\u65b9\u7684 Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c，\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n
              • Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539，\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u6309\u7167\u500d\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\u4fee\u6539；\u800c\u4fee\u6539\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4，Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u5bf9，\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u4ece full \u53d8\u6210 down，\u4e4b\u540e R1 \u548c R2 \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6362 LSA \u4fe1\u606f，\u4e5f\u5c31\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u6700\u540e\u8bb0\u5f97\u628a Hello \u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u56de 10 \u79d2\u6062\u590d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb DOWN \u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

                8.5 \u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n

                [R3-ospf-1]default-route-advertise<\/p>\n

                \u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u7f3a\u7701\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u6ce8\u610f：\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fb9\u754c\u8bbe\u5907\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531，\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u53d1，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709，\u5219\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

                [R3-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always<\/p>\n

                \u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u8bbe\u5907\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed9\u5185\u7f51\u4e0b\u53d1\u7f3a\u7701\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u548c RIP \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u53ef\u628a\u67d0\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u6210\u7f3a\u7701\u6e90（\u5982 R3），\u5185\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u53d1\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7 OSPF \u4e0e RIP \u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u8fdb OSPF \u540e\u6572 default-route-advertise \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u628a\u67d0\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907（\u5982 R3）\u914d\u6210\u7f3a\u7701\u6e90\u540e，\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907（R1\u3001R2）\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u6536\u5230\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531；\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7f3a\u7701\u6e90\u81ea\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                OSPF \u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae
                \n\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6
                \n\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b3e\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae，\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u7b97\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u3002
                \n\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u6b3e\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u597d\u574f，\u770b\u4e09\u70b9：
                \n\u9009\u8def\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90
                \n\u7531\u6b64\u5224\u65ad RIP \u548c OSPF：
                \n1. \u9009\u8def
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