{"id":121540,"date":"2026-11-03T01:25:13","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T17:25:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121540.html"},"modified":"2026-11-03T01:25:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T17:25:13","slug":"%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8e%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121540.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u57fa\u7840，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9759\u6001：\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u52a8\u6001：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b（\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u6d88\u4ea1）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6682\u65f6\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6709（\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5c31\u7eea\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6d88\u4ea1）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5e76\u53d1\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7ade\u4e89\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u6b21，\u53d8\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0"\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1"（\u5e76\u53d1），\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5355\u4f4d；<\/li>\n
  • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5355\u4f4d；<\/li>\n
  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb，\u4e92\u76f8\u7ade\u4e89\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u7c7b\u522b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u5173\u952e\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    \u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    PCB\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001fork\/\u9000\u51fa\/\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    fork\u3001getpid\u3001exit\u3001wait\/waitpid\u3001exec\u65cf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    \u7ebf\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    pthread\u521b\u5efa\/\u9000\u51fa\/\u56de\u6536\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3001\u6b7b\u9501<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    pthread_create\u3001pthread_exit\u3001pthread_join\u3001pthread_mutex_\u3001sem_<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    IPC\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    pipe\u3001mkfifo\u3001kill\u3001signal\u3001ftok\u3001shmget\u3001shmat<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    1. PCB（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757）<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0eCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5185\u6838\u7528PCB（Process Control Block）\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

    PCB\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • PID：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26；<\/li>\n
    • \u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84（\u53ef\u7528chdir\u4fee\u6539）；<\/li>\n
    • umask（\u9ed8\u8ba40002）；<\/li>\n
    • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868；<\/li>\n
    • \u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65IO）；<\/li>\n
    • \u7528\u6237id\u3001\u7ec4id；<\/li>\n
    • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236（\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u65701024\u3001\u6808\u5927\u5c0f8M\u7b49）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eMMU<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

      Linux\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u5957\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58，\u7531MMU（\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143）\u5b8c\u6210\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362，\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e24\u70b9：<\/p>\n

    • \u9694\u79bb\u6027：\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d，A\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeB\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4；<\/li>\n
    • \u5b89\u5168\u6027：Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a，\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u968f\u610f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/li>\n

      3. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u8c03\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165，\u518d\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u8f93\u51fa；<\/li>\n
      • \u6279\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u5982shell\u811a\u672c，\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4；<\/li>\n
      • \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165，\u5e73\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001，\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u540e\u81ea\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c（\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8c03\u5ea6：\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u591a\u800cCPU\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7531\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5：\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u3001\u77ed\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u5e73\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5（CFS）\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b8f\u89c2\u5e76\u884c：\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5185\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c；\u5fae\u89c2\u4e32\u884c：\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362：\u5f53a.out\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8017\u5c3d\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884cb.out\u65f6，a.out\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f（PCB\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001PC\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e）\u7f13\u5b58\u4fdd\u5b58；b.out\u6062\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

        4. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \n

        \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        \u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \n

        ps aux<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \n

        top<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \n

        kill -9 pid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        \u5173\u95ed\u6307\u5b9apid\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \n

        killall -9 a.out<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u540d\u4e3aa.out\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        5. fork\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

        pid_t fork(void);<\/p>\n

        \u529f\u80fd：\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528，\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76840~3G\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684PCB，\u4f46pid\u4e0d\u540c；<\/li>\n
        • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ecefork\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u59cb，\u4e0e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91；<\/li>\n
        • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bpid（>0），\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1；<\/li>\n
        • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          fork\u540e\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c01\u5148\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a，\u4e14\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

          pid_t getpid(void); \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u83b7\u5f97\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid *\/<\/p>\n

          pid_t getppid(void); \u00a0\u00a0\/* \u83b7\u5f97\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bpid *\/<\/p>\n

          6. \u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

          \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u3002Linux 2.6\u4e4b\u540e（\u5982Ubuntu 18.04，\u5185\u68385.4），\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236：<\/p>\n

          \u521afork\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5168\u90e8\u5171\u4eab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684；\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb，\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u65f6，\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u8f9f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u590d\u5236\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

          7. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62：8\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          \u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          main\u4e2dreturn<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          exit()：C\u5e93\u51fd\u6570，\u6267\u884cIO\u5e93\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u548c\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6267\u884catexit\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          _exit\/_Exit：\u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528pthread_exit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          abort()<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          signal：\u5982kill pid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88abpthread_cancel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          exit\u4e0e_exit\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          exit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          _exit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          C\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u4e0d\u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          atexit\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u4e0d\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u53ca\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          void exit(int status); \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u5e93\u51fd\u6570：\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a *\/<\/p>\n

          void _exit(int status); \u00a0\u00a0\/* \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528：\u9000\u51fa\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a *\/<\/p>\n

          exit\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b：exit -> \u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a -> atexit\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u51fd\u6570 -> _exit\u3002<\/p>\n

          return\u5728main\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u53ef\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u53ea\u7ed3\u675f\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

          8. \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

          \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5148\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u4e00\u65b9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6d88\u4ea1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5148\u6d88\u4ea1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u7528\u6237\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5df2\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u7531\u65b0\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a5\u7ba1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5185\u6838PCB<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u672a\u91ca\u653e，\u6b8b\u7559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u6b63\u5e38\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u5371\u5bb3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u5927\u91cf\u5806\u79ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u751a\u81f3\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u65e0\u9700\u8fc7\u591a\u5173\u6ce8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          \u56de\u6536\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528wait\/waitpid\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          \u88ab\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u65b0\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u517b\u5e76\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u53ef\u7528ps\u6216top\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

          9. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536：wait\u4e0ewaitpid<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

          pid_t wait(int *status);<\/p>\n

          \u529f\u80fd：\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u56de\u6536\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • status：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f20NULL；<\/li>\n
          • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bpid，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u5e38\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u5b8f：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u5b8f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            WIFEXITED(status)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5224\u65ad\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            WEXITSTATUS(status)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            WIFSIGNALED(status)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            WTERMSIG(status)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u82e5\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62，\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options);<\/p>\n

            waitpid(-1, status, 0)\u00a0\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e wait(status)\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            • pid：-1\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b；<\/li>\n
            • options：0\u8868\u793a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85；WNOHANG\u8868\u793a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u56de\u6536，\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85，\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f（\u901a\u5e38\u5916\u9762\u5957\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u53cd\u590d\u5c1d\u8bd5）；<\/li>\n
            • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bpid；0\u8868\u793a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1a\u672a\u9000\u51fa，\u9700\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u8bd5；-1\u8868\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              10. exec\u65cf\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

              \u529f\u80fd：\u6267\u884c\u672c\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4e0efork\u642d\u914d，\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884cexec\u3002\u6267\u884cexec\u540e，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u88ab\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362，\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • l（list）：\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5217\u51fa；<\/li>\n
              • v（vector）：\u53c2\u6570\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d；<\/li>\n
              • p（PATH）：\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPATH\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, …);<\/p>\n

                int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, …);<\/p>\n

                int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);<\/p>\n

                int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • path：\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84+\u6587\u4ef6\u540d；<\/li>\n
                • file：\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728PATH\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e）；<\/li>\n
                • arg\/argv：\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868，\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662fNULL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6309"\u8def\u5f84+\u6587\u4ef6\u540d"\u586b\u5199\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

                  int system(const char *command);<\/p>\n

                  \u529f\u80fd：\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u591a\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u662ffork+exec\u3002<\/p>\n

                  11. \u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                  char *getcwd(char *buf, size_t size); \u00a0\u00a0\/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84 *\/<\/p>\n

                  int chdir(const char *path); \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84，\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • buf：\u5b58\u50a8\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4；size：\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6；<\/li>\n
                  • getcwd\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411buf\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u56db\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                    1. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                    Linux\u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5e73\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    \n

                    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                    \n

                    \u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u8d44\u6e90\u72ec\u7acb，\u6700\u5c0f\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90，\u6700\u5c0f\u6267\u884c\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                    \n

                    \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d29\u6e83，\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                    \n

                    \u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u9700\u521b\u5efa\u7ea63GB\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6808\u533a（8MB）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                    \n

                    \u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                    		\n

                    \u9ad8\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6808\u533a，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                    2. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                    \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b -> \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a7a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c -> \u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536（\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6808\u533a\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e）\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u67e5\u770b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

                    ps -eLo pid,ppid,lwp,stat,comm<\/p>\n

                    ps -eLf<\/p>\n

                    3. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                    int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,<\/p>\n

                    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0void *(*start_routine)(void *), void *arg);<\/p>\n

                    \u529f\u80fd：\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • thread：\u7ebf\u7a0bid，\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49，\u7531\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de；<\/li>\n
                    • attr：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c5e\u6027，\u4e00\u822cNULL\u8868\u793a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c5e\u6027；<\/li>\n
                    • start_routine：\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4（\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570）；<\/li>\n
                    • arg：\u4f20\u7ed9\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570；<\/li>\n
                    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      pthread_t pthread_self(void); \u00a0\u00a0\/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0bid，\u6253\u5370\u7528%lu *\/<\/p>\n

                      void pthread_exit(void *retval);<\/p>\n

                      \u529f\u80fd：\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u884c\u9000\u51fa\u3002retval\u662f\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001（"\u4e34\u7ec8\u9057\u8a00"）\u3002<\/p>\n

                      int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread);<\/p>\n

                      \u529f\u80fd：\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e0\u3002<\/p>\n

                      int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);<\/p>\n

                      \u529f\u80fd：\u56de\u6536\u6307\u5b9a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u5177\u6709\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u529f\u80fd：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6ca1\u7ed3\u675f，\u56de\u6536\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • thread：\u8981\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0btid；<\/li>\n
                      • retval：\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u5bf9\u5e94pthread_exit\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c；<\/li>\n
                      • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e0\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        int pthread_detach(pthread_t thread);<\/p>\n

                        \u5206\u79bb\u5c5e\u6027：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5206\u79bb\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e，\u6808\u533a\u8d44\u6e90\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536，\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u518djoin\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

                        4. \u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                        \u6982\u5ff5：\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u8d44\u6e90（\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907），\u6392\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7f\u63d2\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4ee5A++\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u5b83\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u81f3\u5c113\u53e5，\u82e5\u7ebf\u7a0bA\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u524d2\u53e5\u5c31\u88ab\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0bB，\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u518d\u5207\u56de\u6765，\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4：\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e92\u65a5\u9501 -> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9501 -> \u52a0\u9501 -> \u89e3\u9501 -> \u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

                        pthread_mutex_t mutex; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* 1.\u5b9a\u4e49 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *attr);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 2.\u521d\u59cb\u5316：mutex\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u9501；attr\u4e00\u822cNULL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9501；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e\u96f6 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 3.\u52a0\u9501：\u52a0\u9501\u5230\u89e3\u9501\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6784\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c；<\/p>\n

                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u9501\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u65f6\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u963b\u585e；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e\u96f6 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 4.\u89e3\u9501：\u89e3\u9501\u540e\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u518d\u6392\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4e00\u822c\u52a0\u9501\u89e3\u9501\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e\u96f6 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 5.\u9500\u6bc1：\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u9500\u6bc1\u4e92\u65a5\u9501；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25\u975e\u96f6 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c：\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

                        5. \u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                        \u6982\u5ff5：\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e92\u65a5\u5305\u542b\u540c\u6b65，\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7684\u533a\u522b（\u4e92\u65a5\u5305\u542b\u540c\u6b65，\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b）：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        \n

                        \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf（\u540c\u6b65）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        \u52a0\u9501\/\u91ca\u653e\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u52a0\u9501\u548c\u89e3\u9501\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4ea4\u53c9\u91ca\u653e：th1\u91ca\u653eth2，th2\u91ca\u653eth1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        \u4e34\u754c\u533a\u8981\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4e0d\u8981\u4f11\u7720\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u5927\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ee3\u7801\u77ed\u5c0f\u7cbe\u608d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u53ef\u9002\u5f53\u4f11\u7720\u3001\u5c0f\u7684\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        \u521d\u503c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4e8c\u503c（0\/1）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u8ba1\u6570\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf，\u521d\u503c\u53ef\u5927\u4e8e1（\u59823\u30015），\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        \u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4：\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49 -> \u521d\u59cb\u5316 -> PV\u64cd\u4f5c -> \u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

                        sem_t sem; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* 1.\u5b9a\u4e49 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int sem_init(sem_t *sem, int pshared, unsigned int value);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 2.\u521d\u59cb\u5316：pshared\u4e3a0\u8868\u793a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528；\u975e0\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528；<\/p>\n

                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0value\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u521d\u503c，\u65e0\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u662f0\/1\u4e8c\u503c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf；<\/p>\n

                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a00\u8868\u793a\u7ea2\u706f（\u963b\u585e），1\u8868\u793a\u7eff\u706f（\u901a\u8fc7）；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int sem_wait(sem_t *sem);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 3.P\u64cd\u4f5c（\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6e90）：sem\u6709\u8d44\u6e90(==1)\u5219\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed，sem\u4e3a0\u5219\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85；<\/p>\n

                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u7533\u8bf7\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c sem = sem – 1；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int sem_post(sem_t *sem);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 3.V\u64cd\u4f5c（\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90）：\u91ca\u653e\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf，\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c sem = sem + 1；<\/p>\n

                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        int sem_destroy(sem_t *sem);<\/p>\n

                        \/* 4.\u9500\u6bc1：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                        6. \u6b7b\u9501<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                        \u6982\u5ff5：\u7531\u4e8e\u9501\u8d44\u6e90\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u5408\u7406（\u9501\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u5bf9），\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u4ea7\u751f\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

                      • \u4e92\u65a5\u6761\u4ef6：\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528；<\/li>\n
                      • \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u6761\u4ef6：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u963b\u585e\u65f6，\u5bf9\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u653e；<\/li>\n
                      • \u4e0d\u5265\u593a\u6761\u4ef6：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u5728\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u884c\u5265\u593a；<\/li>\n
                      • \u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6：\u82e5\u5e72\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u5934\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n

                        \u4e94\u3001IPC\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                        1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981IPC<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                        \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684（\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u9694\u79bb），\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u9700\u6c42，\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981IPC（interprocess communication）\u3002<\/p>\n

                        2. IPC\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                        \n

                        \u7c7b\u522b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u5178\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        \u53e4\u8001\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u957f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        IPC\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u4fe1（System V）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u96c6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u901a\u8fc7key\/id\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                        \n

                        socket\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                        		\n

                        \u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                        \u516d\u3001\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053（pipe）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                        1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                        \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u8fc7pipe()\u521b\u5efa，\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u6709\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u5178\u578b：fork\u51fa\u7684\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b）\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

                        2. \u7279\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
                          \n
                        • \u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f53\u4f5c\u5355\u5de5\u4f7f\u7528；<\/li>\n
                        • \u6240\u6709\u7ba1\u9053\u90fd\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c（lseek\/fseek）；<\/li>\n
                        • \u8bfb\u5199\u9996\u9009\u6587\u4ef6IO：open\u3001read\u3001write\u3001close（\u6807\u51c6IO\u5e26\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e5f\u53ef\u9009）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          3. \u963b\u585e\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                          \n

                          \u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                          		\n

                          \u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                          \n

                          \u8bfb\u7aef\u5b58\u5728，\u4e00\u76f4\u5199\u8d85\u8fc764K<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                          		\n

                          \u5199\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                          \n

                          \u5199\u7aef\u5b58\u5728，\u7ba1\u9053\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8bfb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                          		\n

                          \u8bfb\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                          \n

                          \u8bfb\u7aef\u5173\u95ed，\u7ee7\u7eed\u5199<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                          		\n

                          \u7ba1\u9053\u7834\u88c2，\u5199\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                          \n

                          \u5199\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u4e14\u7ba1\u9053\u65e0\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                          		\n

                          read\u8fd4\u56de0，\u901a\u4fe1\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                          4. \u63a5\u53e3<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                          int pipe(int pipefd[2]);<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • pipefd[0]：\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8bfb\u7aef；<\/li>\n
                          • pipefd[1]：\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5199\u7aef；<\/li>\n
                          • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            5. \u7f16\u7a0b\u987a\u5e8f<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                            \u521b\u5efa\u7ba1\u9053 -> fork -> \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5404\u81ea\u8bfb\u5199\u7ba1\u9053 -> \u5173\u95ed\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n

                            6. \u793a\u4f8b\u6846\u67b6<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                            #include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

                            #include <string.h><\/p>\n

                            #include <unistd.h><\/p>\n

                            #include <sys\/wait.h><\/p>\n

                            \n

                            int main(void)<\/p>\n

                            {<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0int fd[2];<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pipe(fd);<\/p>\n

                            \n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0pid_t pid = fork();<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0if (pid == 0) { \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u8bfb *\/<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0close(fd[1]);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0char buf[128] = {0};<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0read(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf) – 1);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0printf("child: %s\\\\n", buf);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0close(fd[0]);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0} else if (pid > 0) { \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u5199 *\/<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0close(fd[0]);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0const char *msg = "hello pipe";<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0write(fd[1], msg, strlen(msg));<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0close(fd[1]);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0wait(NULL);<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0} else {<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0perror("fork");<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 1;<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/p>\n

                            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return 0;<\/p>\n

                            }<\/p>\n

                            \u4e03\u3001\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053（FIFO）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                            1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                            \u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u8fc7mkfifo()\u521b\u5efa，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1，\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0，\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

                            2. \u7279\u6027<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • \u4e0e\u533f\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u7279\u6027\u4e00\u81f4（\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u963b\u585e\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u540c）；<\/li>\n
                            • \u989d\u5916\u7279\u6027：\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u5f00，\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728open\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              3. \u7f16\u7a0b\u987a\u5e8f<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                              \u521b\u5efa\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 -> \u6253\u5f00\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 -> \u8bfb\u5199\u7ba1\u9053 -> \u5173\u95ed\u7ba1\u9053 -> \u5378\u8f7d\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n

                              4. \u63a5\u53e3<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                              int mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • pathname：\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053\u8def\u5f84+\u540d\u79f0；<\/li>\n
                              • mode：8\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650（\u59820666）；<\/li>\n
                              • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

                                mkfifo("\/tmp\/myfifo", 0666);<\/p>\n

                                int fd = open("\/tmp\/myfifo", O_RDONLY);<\/p>\n

                                read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));<\/p>\n

                                close(fd);<\/p>\n

                                unlink("\/tmp\/myfifo");<\/p>\n

                                \u516b\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u4fe1<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                                1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                \u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236，\u7528\u4e8e\u544a\u77e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u7528\u6237\u6309\u952e（Ctrl+C）\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

                                2. \u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
                              • \u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981（\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6）\u53d1\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7；<\/li>\n
                              • Linux\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u751f\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5728PCB\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684pid；<\/li>\n
                              • \u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e，\u4f7f\u539f\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5148\u6682\u505c，\u6267\u884cPCB\u4e2d\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0b\u6807\u7684\u51fd\u6570（\u53d1\u4fe1\u53f72\u5c31\u8c03\u7528handle2）；<\/li>\n
                              • \u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e，\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n

                                3. \u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                int kill(pid_t pid, int sig);<\/p>\n

                                \u529f\u80fd：\u7ed9pid\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3asig\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u53ef\u7528kill -l\u67e5\u770b\u3002\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1\u3002<\/p>\n

                                sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);<\/p>\n

                                \u529f\u80fd：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002handler\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u53d6\u503c：<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • SIG_DFL：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5904\u7406；<\/li>\n
                                • SIG_IGN：\u5ffd\u7565\u5904\u7406；<\/li>\n
                                • \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570：\u4fe1\u53f7\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u6ce8\u610f：SIGKILL\u548cSIGSTOP\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u963b\u585e\u6216\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

                                  \u4e5d\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

                                  1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                  \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u662fSystem V\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u79cdIPC\u65b9\u5f0f：\u628a\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53cc\u65b9\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199，\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684IPC\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

                                  2. \u7279\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199；<\/li>\n
                                  • \u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u963b\u585e\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u963b\u585e，\u5fc5\u987b\u642d\u914d\u5176\u4ed6IPC（\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u96c6）\u505a\u540c\u6b65；<\/li>\n
                                  • \u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301（\u50cf\u4e00\u5757\u516c\u5171\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4）；<\/li>\n
                                  • \u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49（4K\u00d7n），\u9002\u5408\u5927\u5757\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                    \u751f\u6210key -> \u7533\u8bf7\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 -> \u6620\u5c04\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 -> \u8bfb\u5199\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 -> \u64a4\u9500\u6620\u5c04 -> \u5220\u9664\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

                                    4. \u63a5\u53e3<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                    key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id);<\/p>\n

                                    \u529f\u80fd：\u7528pathname\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u548cproj_id\u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u952e\u503c\u3002pathname\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u4ef6，\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u5efa\u5373\u53ef；proj_id\u4e00\u822c\u7528ASCII\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u552f\u4e00\u952e\u503c，\u5931\u8d25-1\u3002<\/p>\n

                                    int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);<\/p>\n

                                    \u529f\u80fd：\u7528key\u5411\u5185\u6838\u7533\u8bf7\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • key：ftok\u751f\u6210\u7684\u952e\u503c；<\/li>\n
                                    • size：\u7533\u8bf7\u5927\u5c0f（\u5b57\u8282）；<\/li>\n
                                    • shmflg：\u6743\u9650（\u516b\u8fdb\u5236），\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0IPC_CREAT，\u68c0\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7528IPC_EXCL；<\/li>\n
                                    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58id（shmid），\u5931\u8d25-1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);<\/p>\n

                                      \u529f\u80fd：\u5c06shmid\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • shmaddr：\u672c\u5730\u53ef\u7528\u5730\u5740，\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4f20NULL\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d；<\/li>\n
                                      • shmflg：0\u8bfb\u5199；SHM_RDONLY\u53ea\u8bfb；<\/li>\n
                                      • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740，\u5931\u8d25(void*)-1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        int shmdt(const void *shmaddr); \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u64a4\u9500\u6620\u5c04：\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                                        int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);<\/p>\n

                                        \/* cmd\u4e3aIPC_RMID\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61，buf\u4f20NULL；\u6210\u529f0，\u5931\u8d25-1 *\/<\/p>\n

                                        \u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f：\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528memcpy()，\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528strcpy()\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        \u603b\u7ed3：shmget\/shmat\/shmdt\u90fd\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58，\u53ea\u6709shmctl(IPC_RMID)\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

                                        5. \u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                        \n

                                        \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u6570\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u666e\u901a\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5411<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u901a\u5e38\u5355\u5411<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\/\u5199\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u4e0d\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u8bfb\u8d70\u540e\u6d88\u5931<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u7ba1\u9053\u81ea\u8eab\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u534f\u8c03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u5fc5\u987b\u989d\u5916\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                        6. \u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

                                        ipcs -a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/* \u67e5\u8be2\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u96c6\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217 *\/<\/p>\n

                                        ipcrm -m shmid \/* \u5220\u9664\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 *\/<\/p>\n

                                        \u5341\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                        \n

                                        \u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u9002\u7528\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u65b9\u5411<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u963b\u585e\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u4eb2\u7f18\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u534a\u53cc\u5de5（\u5f53\u5355\u5de5\u7528）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u8bfb\u5199\u5747\u53ef\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        read\u8fd4\u56de0\u5224\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u6709\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u4efb\u610f\u5355\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u534a\u53cc\u5de5（\u5f53\u5355\u5de5\u7528）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        open\u5904\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u540c\u65e0\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u4efb\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u5355\u5411\u901a\u77e5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        \u4e0d\u963b\u585e（\u5f02\u6b65）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

                                        signal\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                        \n

                                        \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                        		\n

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