{"id":121538,"date":"2026-11-03T00:49:44","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T16:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html"},"modified":"2026-11-03T00:49:44","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T16:49:44","slug":"c-%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88%e7%9a%84%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e6%9d%83%e4%b8%8e%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164935-6ae8bf1fad875.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1. RAII \u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u653e\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/li>\n<li>2. unique_ptr \u8868\u8fbe\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 \u79fb\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u642c\u52a8\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>2.2 get\u3001release \u548c reset \u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n<li>2.3 \u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e const<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. shared_ptr \u5171\u4eab\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u63a5\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>3.2 make_shared \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u53d6\u820d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. weak_ptr \u89c2\u5bdf\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;lock \u4e34\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/li>\n<li>5. \u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>5.1 \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>5.2 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>6. \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u524d\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u8c01\u7533\u8bf7\u3001\u8c01\u91ca\u653e\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8c01\u627f\u62c5\u91ca\u653e\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u91ca\u653e\u8d23\u4efb\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u89c4\u5219\u653e\u8fdb\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u6790\u6784\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u4e0e\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. RAII \u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u653e\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p>RAII\u662fResourceAcquisition Is Initialization\u7684\u7f29\u5199&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u5c40\u90e8\u6307\u9488\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8 delete \u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u95ee\u9898\u7247\u6bb5&#xff1a;DoWork() \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;delete \u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/span><br \/>\nWidget<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> Widget<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">DoWork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u524d return \u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21 new \u5931\u8d25\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u91ca\u653e\u8bed\u53e5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6e05\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u76f8\u4e92\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>RAII&#xff08;Resource Acquisition Is Initialization&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u5373\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;vector \u66ff\u6211\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4&#xff1b;\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5219\u9002\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002throw \u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u540e&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bfb\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 catch&#xff1b;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4ece Work \u4f20\u64ad\u5230 main \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u9020\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u88ab\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/span>  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Resource<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> id<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">explicit<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Resource<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;open &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">~<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Resource<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;close &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Work<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">bool<\/span> fail<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ unique_ptr&#xff1a;\u72ec\u5360\u5f0f\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Resource<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">first<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Resource<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Resource<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">second<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Resource<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>fail<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">throw<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">runtime_error<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;work failed&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;work done&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">try<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">Work<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token boolean\">true<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">catch<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>exception<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6355\u83b7\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;caught: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">what<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164937-6ae8bf218dc89.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a unique_ptr \u6309\u6784\u9020\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u91ca\u653e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5916\u5c42 catch \u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u6808\u5c55\u5f00\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164937-6ae8bf2195db5.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>RAII \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6790\u6784&#xff1b;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b8c\u6210\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6790\u6784\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4e5f\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u5411\u5916\u629b\u5f02\u5e38&#xff0c;\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u518d\u629b\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. unique_ptr \u8868\u8fbe\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&lt;memory&gt; \u4e2d\u7684 std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt; \u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528 delete \u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u72ec\u5360\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff1b;\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u522b\u4eba\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u610f\u518d\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Date<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">p<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Date<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2026<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    p<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>_day <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">23<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ std::unique_ptr&lt;Date&gt; q &#061; p; \/\/ \u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>*p\u3001p-&gt;member \u6cbf\u7528\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e60\u60ef&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.1 \u79fb\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u642c\u52a8\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<p>\u524d\u4e00\u7ec4 C&#043;&#043;11 \u6587\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7&#xff1a;std::move \u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u7c7b\u522b&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u52a8\u4f5c\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u6bd4\u8f83\u79fb\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u6307\u9488\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ea4\u51fa\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;utility&gt;<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Item<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> id<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">explicit<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Item<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6253\u5370\u9500\u6bc1\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">~<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Item<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;destroy &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f93\u51fabool\u503c\u4ee5true\/false\u5f62\u5f0f\u6253\u5370<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>boolalpha<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2aunique_ptr&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u7ba1\u7406Item(1)\u3001Item(2)\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Item<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">a<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Item<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Item<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">b<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Item<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ observer\u4fdd\u5b58a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u88f8\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e<\/span><br \/>\n    Item<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> observer <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49&#xff1a;\u628aa\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u539f\u6765b\u6301\u6709\u7684Item(2)\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u9500\u6bc1&#xff1b;a\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n    b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5224\u65ada\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u6253\u5370b\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684id<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;a empty: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;, b: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6bd4\u8f83\u88f8\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u9a8c\u8bc1observer\u548cb\u73b0\u5728\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;same object: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>observer <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ release&#xff1a;\u653e\u5f03b\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u88f8\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ release\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\u8d23\u4efb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005<\/span><br \/>\n    Item<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> raw <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">release<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ b\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u7a7a\u6307\u9488&#xff1b;raw\u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411\u539f\u6765\u7684Item(1)<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;b empty: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;, released: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> raw<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653erelease\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span> raw<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ reset&#xff1a;\u8ba9b\u63a5\u7ba1\u65b0\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61Item(3)<\/span><br \/>\n    b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">reset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Item<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570reset&#xff1a;\u91ca\u653eb\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;b\u7f6e\u7a7a<\/span><br \/>\n    b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">reset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164938-6ae8bf2249bc5.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>destroy 2&#xff1a;\u6267\u884cb &#061; std::move(a)&#xff0c;b \u539f\u672c\u6301\u6709 Item (2)&#xff0c;unique_ptr \u8d4b\u503c\u79fb\u52a8\u524d\u4f1a\u9500\u6bc1\u539f\u6709\u6258\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6253\u5370\u9500\u6bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>a empty: true, b: 1&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u540e a \u5931\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;b \u63a5\u7ba1\u539f\u6765 a \u6307\u5411\u7684 Item (1)&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa a \u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;b \u6258\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61 id&#061;1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>same object: true&#xff1a;observer \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u6700\u521d a.get () \u62ff\u5230\u7684\u88f8\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u79fb\u52a8\u540e b \u63a5\u7ba1\u540c\u4e00\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u7b49&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa true\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>b empty: true, released: 1&#xff1a;b.release()\u8ba9 b \u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ba1\u7406\u6743&#xff0c;b \u53d8\u6210\u7a7a\u6307\u9488&#xff1b;\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 raw \u6307\u9488\u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411 Item (1)&#xff0c;\u6253\u5370\u5bf9\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>destroy 1&#xff1a;\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884cdelete raw&#xff0c;\u91ca\u653e release \u4ea4\u51fa\u7684\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61 Item (1)&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1\u6790\u6784\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>destroy 3&#xff1a;b.reset()\u65e0\u53c2\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u91ca\u653e b \u6258\u7ba1\u7684 Item (3)&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1\u6790\u6784\u6253\u5370&#xff1b;main \u7ed3\u675f\u65f6 b \u5df2\u662f\u7a7a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6709\u989d\u5916\u9500\u6bc1\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>b \u539f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61 2&#xff0c;\u79fb\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u5148\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u63a5\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61 1\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61 1 \u7684\u5730\u5740\u6ca1\u53d8&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528 Item \u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e a.get() &#061;&#061; nullptr&#xff0c;a \u81ea\u8eab\u4ecd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u7a7a\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u7a7a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164938-6ae8bf225645a.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>2.2 get\u3001release \u548c reset \u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u540c<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u63a5\u53e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u8c01\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u8d44\u6e90<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>p.get()<\/td>\n<td>\u4ecd\u7531 p \u8d1f\u8d23&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u53ea\u4f9b\u89c2\u5bdf<\/td>\n<td>\u5426<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p.release()<\/td>\n<td>p \u653e\u5f03\u8d23\u4efb\u5e76\u53d8\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u597d\u8d23\u4efb<\/td>\n<td>\u5426<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p.reset()<\/td>\n<td>p \u53d8\u7a7a<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6709\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p.reset(new T(&#8230;))<\/td>\n<td>p \u63a5\u7ba1\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6709\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>release() \u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4ea4\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u5199 delete p.get()\u3001p.reset(p.get())\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 p.get() \u518d\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5df2\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6307\u9488\u60ac\u7a7a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.3 \u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e const<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ make_unique \u4ece C&#043;&#043;14 \u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_unique<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Date<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2026<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">22<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u548c\u72ec\u5360\u7ba1\u7406\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u5148\u91c7\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u58f0\u660e\u80fd\u5426\u6539\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4fee\u6539 T<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u3001reset<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>const unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4ea4\u51fa\u6216 reset<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;const T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u3001reset<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684 const \u4e0e\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 const \u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e T* const\u3001const T* \u7684\u533a\u522b\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. shared_ptr \u5171\u4eab\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u6301\u6709\u8005\u5171\u540c\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u671f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5148\u7ed3\u675f\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u6d3b\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 std::shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;utility&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Date<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> day<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">explicit<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Date<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">day<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">~<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Date<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;destroy Date &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> day <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>boolalpha<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ make_shared&#xff1a;\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\u521b\u5efaDate\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7528shared_ptr\u6258\u7ba1&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u521d\u59cb &#061; 1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_shared<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>Date<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;owners: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use_count<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;b\u3001c\u4ec5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6709\u6548<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ shared_ptr \u62f7\u8d1d&#xff1a;a \u548c b \u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570 &#043;1<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49&#xff1a;\u628ab\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9c&#xff1b;b\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8&#xff08;\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u79fb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u65b0\u589e\u5171\u4eab\u8005&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">move<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ use_count&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u6570\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;owners: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use_count<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;, b empty: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ c\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;a\u3001c\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4fee\u6539\u4e92\u76f8\u53ef\u89c1<\/span><br \/>\n        c<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>day <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;a sees: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>day <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ a.reset()&#xff1a;a\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff1b;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1&#xff0c;a\u53d8\u6210\u7a7ashared_ptr<\/span><br \/>\n        a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">reset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;c owners: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use_count<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;c\u3001b\u4f9d\u6b21\u6790\u6784&#xff1b;c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;Date\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;scope ended&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164938-6ae8bf22f3bf6.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>b &#061; a \u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4ece 1 \u53d8\u4e3a 2&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>c \u4ece b \u79fb\u52a8\u6784\u9020&#xff0c;\u63a5\u66ff b \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4efd&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u6570\u4ecd\u4e3a 2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>b \u53d8\u7a7a\u3002\u4fee\u6539 c-&gt;day \u540e&#xff0c;a \u4e5f\u770b\u5230 11&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a Date\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>a.reset() \u53ea\u64a4\u9500 a \u7684\u4efd\u989d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd c \u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6700\u540e c \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u964d\u5230 0&#xff0c;\u624d\u9500\u6bc1 Date\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164939-6ae8bf230872e.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u76f8\u540c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u63a5\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\u7247\u6bb5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> raw <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">7<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>shared_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">a<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>raw<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nstd<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>shared_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">b<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>raw<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u72ec\u7acb\u5efa\u7acb\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u627e\u5230 a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5374\u5206\u522b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u6700\u7ec8\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u590d\u5236\u5df2\u6709\u7684 shared_ptr&#xff1a;auto b &#061; a;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u76f8\u540c\u5730\u5740\u201d\u548c\u201c\u76f8\u540c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7ec4\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 make_shared \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u53d6\u820d<\/h4>\n<p>std::make_shared&lt;T&gt;(args&#8230;) \u4ece C&#043;&#043;11 \u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b&#xff0c;\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9 T \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5355\u4e00\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u72ec\u5360\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u8c03\u7528 make_shared \u5c31\u9009\u62e9\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164939-6ae8bf23a60b7.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u5408\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6709\u53d6\u820d&#xff1a;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\u6d88\u5931\u65f6&#xff0c;T \u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u7167\u5e38\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u82e5\u4ecd\u6709\u5f31\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5408\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6574\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b49\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u5168\u90e8\u6d88\u5931\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u51fd\u6570C&#043;&#043; \u7248\u672c\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>make_unique&lt;T&gt;(args)<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;14<\/td>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff08;\u5355\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9996\u9009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>make_shared&lt;T&gt;(args)<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;11<\/td>\n<td>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>4. weak_ptr \u89c2\u5bdf\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;lock \u4e34\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u4e0d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5171\u4eab\u8ba1\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u201d\u3002std::weak_ptr&lt;T&gt; \u5173\u8054\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u6709\u5f3a\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u5374\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece new T \u63a5\u7ba1\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709 * \u548c -&gt;\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee\u524d\u8981\u8c03\u7528 lock()&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ecd\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684 shared_ptr&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 lock \u8868\u793a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d6\u5f97\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>boolalpha<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u521b\u5efashared_ptr&#xff0c;\u7ba1\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#034;hello&#034;&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u521d\u59cb &#061; 1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token generic-function\"><span class=\"token function\">make_shared<\/span><span class=\"token generic class-name\"><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u62f7\u8d1dshared_ptr&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570&#043;1&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728a\u3001b\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u6570&#061;2<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ weak_ptr \u5f31\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u53ea\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>weak_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>string<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> watch <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ weak_ptr\u7684use_count&#xff1a;\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6258\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684shared_ptr\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;owners: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> watch<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use_count<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ a\u653e\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u53ea\u5269b\u6301\u6709&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u6570&#061;1<\/span><br \/>\n    a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">reset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ lock()&#xff1a;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u628aweak_ptr\u63d0\u5347\u4e3ashared_ptr&#xff1b;\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u6d3b\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548shared_ptr&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> hold <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> watch<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">lock<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>hold<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ b\u653e\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1&#xff1b;\u73b0\u5728hold\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6301\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u6570 &#061; 1<\/span><br \/>\n            b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">reset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>hold <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ hold.use_count()&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524dshared_ptr\u6301\u6709\u8005\u6570\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n            std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>hold <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;, owners: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> hold<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use_count<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79bb\u5f00\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;hold\u6790\u6784&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5f52\u96f6&#xff0c;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ expired()&#xff1a;\u5224\u65adweak_ptr\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;expired: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> watch<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">expired<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u518d\u6b21lock&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u9500\u6bc1&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u7a7ashared_ptr<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> empty <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> watch<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">lock<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;lock empty: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>empty <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164940-6ae8bf245e4e9.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>watch \u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u3002a.reset() \u540e&#xff0c;b \u4ecd\u6301\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>hold &#061; watch.lock() \u53c8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efd\u989d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u968f\u540e b.reset()&#xff0c;hold \u4ecd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u671f\u95f4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>hold \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;watch \u624d\u8fc7\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164940-6ae8bf246643f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4 weak_ptr \u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 RAII\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ef6\u957f\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d&#xff0c;\u5374\u4ecd\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6790\u6784\u7ef4\u62a4\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5.1 \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<p>unique_ptr&lt;T&gt; \u9ed8\u8ba4 delete&#xff0c;unique_ptr&lt;T[]&gt; \u9ed8\u8ba4 delete[]&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5355\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 *\u3001-&gt;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ unique_ptr\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u7248\u672cunique_ptr&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528delete[]\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">values<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ unique_ptr\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301[]\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;array sum: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> values<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> values<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> values<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ C&#043;&#043;11\u4e2dshared_ptr\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528delete\u91ca\u653e&#xff0c;\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528delete[]<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">auto<\/span> delete_array <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;delete shared array&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">delete<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ shared_ptr\u6258\u7ba1\u52a8\u6001int\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49lambda\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>shared_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shared<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> delete_array<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ shared_ptr\u4e0d\u652f\u6301[]\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26&#xff0c;\u8981\u7528.get()\u83b7\u53d6\u88f8\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u518d\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;shared array sum: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> shared<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> shared<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164941-6ae8bf255b629.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7248\u672c\u533a\u522b\u653e\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5373\u53ef&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5199\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u7528\u9014<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T[]&gt;(new T[n])<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;11&#xff0c;\u72ec\u5360\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>make_unique&lt;T[]&gt;(n)<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;14&#xff0c;\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u5360\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>shared_ptr&lt;T[]&gt;(new T[n])<\/td>\n<td>C&#043;&#043;17&#xff0c;\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u652f\u6301 []<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u628a new T[n] \u4ea4\u7ed9\u9ed8\u8ba4 delete \u7684\u5355\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u662f\u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668<\/h4>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u8c03\u7528 fclose\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u68c0\u67e5\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstdio&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;memory&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">FileCloser<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>FILE<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">noexcept<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">fclose<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;\u5173\u95ed\u540e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>unique_ptr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>FILE<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> FileCloser<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">file<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">tmpfile<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cerr <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;cannot open temporary file&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fputs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;42\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> file<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">EOF<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">rewind<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> value <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fscanf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>value<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;file value: &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> value <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u8bfb\u5199\u6210\u529f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164941-6ae8bf2564ba7.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> \u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u6790\u6784\u65f6\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528 FileCloser\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5220\u9664\u5668\u5f62\u5f0funique_ptr \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7247\u6bb5&#xff09;shared_ptr \u7684\u5178\u578b\u5199\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7247\u6bb5&#xff09;<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4eff\u51fd\u6570 D<\/td>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T, D&gt; p(raw, D{});<\/td>\n<td>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt; p(raw, D{});<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488 Free<\/td>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T, decltype(&amp;Free)&gt; p(raw, &amp;Free);<\/td>\n<td>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt; p(raw, &amp;Free);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>lambda \u53d8\u91cf del<\/td>\n<td>unique_ptr&lt;T, decltype(del)&gt; p(raw, del);<\/td>\n<td>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt; p(raw, del);<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>unique_ptr \u7684\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1b;shared_ptr \u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u56e0\u5220\u9664\u5668\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u5220\u9664\u884c\u4e3a\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f&#xff1a;shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;(raw, del) \u5373\u4f7f raw \u662f\u7a7a\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u8c03\u7528 del(nullptr)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u4e8e shared_ptr&lt;FILE&gt; \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u9664\u5668\u5c24\u5176\u5e94\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>std::unique_ptr&#xff1a;\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::shared_ptr&#xff1a;\u5171\u4eab\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u6301\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u6570\u5f52\u96f6\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::weak_ptr&#xff1a;\u5f31\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u89c2\u5bdfshared_ptr\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u4f7f\u7528lock()\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u4e3ashared_ptr&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668&#xff1a;\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u903b\u8f91&#xff1b;unique_ptr\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u643a\u5e26\u5220\u9664\u5668\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1b;shared_ptr\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u578b\u64e6\u9664&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u4f20\u5165\u7a7a\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301&#xff1a;unique_ptr&lt;T[]&gt;C&#043;&#043;11 \u53ef\u7528&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1b;shared_ptr&lt;T[]&gt;C&#043;&#043;17 \u624d\u652f\u6301&#xff0c;\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5220\u9664\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u67e5\u9605&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>unique_ptr<\/li>\n<li>shared_ptr<\/li>\n<li>weak_ptr\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164941-6ae8bf256b4de.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f551. RAII \u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u653e\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f2. unique_ptr \u8868\u8fbe\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u67432.1 \u79fb\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u642c\u52a8\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c612.2 get\u3001release \u548c reset \u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u540c2.3 \u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e const3. shared_ptr \u5171\u4eab\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c613.1 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u63a5\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb3.2 make_shared \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u53d6\u820d4. weak_ptr \u89c2\u5bdf\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;lock \u4e34\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u67435. \u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":121525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11820,55,190,124],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-121538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-atomgit","tag-c","tag-190","tag-124"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f551. RAII \u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u653e\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f2. unique_ptr \u8868\u8fbe\u72ec\u5360\u6240\u6709\u67432.1 \u79fb\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u642c\u52a8\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c612.2 get\u3001release \u548c reset \u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u540c2.3 \u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e const3. shared_ptr \u5171\u4eab\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u8c613.1 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u63a5\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb3.2 make_shared \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u53d6\u820d4. weak_ptr \u89c2\u5bdf\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;lock \u4e34\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u67435. \u91ca\u653e\u65b9\u5f0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-11-02T16:49:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261102164935-6ae8bf1fad875.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html\",\"name\":\"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-11-02T16:49:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-11-02T16:49:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/\",\"name\":\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"description\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121538.html","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"C++ \u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","og_description":"\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f551. 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