{"id":12100,"date":"2025-04-18T19:15:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T11:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/12100.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T19:15:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T11:15:15","slug":"%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9cio%e4%b8%8eio%e5%a4%9a%e8%b7%af%e5%a4%8d%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%882%ef%bc%89-%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%a4%9a%e5%ae%a2%e6%88%b7%e7%ab%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/12100.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7f51\u7edcio\u4e0eio\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff082\uff09 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5355\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bf9\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u589e\u52a0Client\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5462？\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u540e，\u7ec8\u7aef\u88ab\u5361\u6b7b\u5728\u201cRECE\u201d，\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（3\u4e2a）\u5bf9\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u63a5\u53d1<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n

#include <errno.h>
\n#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <pthread.h>
\n#include <unistd.h> <\/p>\n

\/\/\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42
\nvoid *client__thread(void *arg) {
\n int clientfd = *(int *)arg;<\/p>\n

char buffer[1024] = {0};
\n int count = recv(clientfd, buffer, 1024, 0);
\n if (count < 0) {
\n perror("recv failed");
\n } else {
\n printf("RECV:%s\\\\n", buffer);<\/p>\n

count = send(clientfd, buffer, count, 0);
\n if (count < 0) {
\n perror("send failed");
\n } else {
\n printf("SEND:%d\\\\n", count);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n

close(clientfd);
\n return NULL;
\n}<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("socket failed");
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
\n servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); \/\/ 0.0.0.0
\n servaddr.sin_port = htons(2000); \/\/ 0-1023<\/p>\n

if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
\n printf("bind failed:%s\\\\n", strerror(errno));
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n }<\/p>\n

if (listen(sockfd, 10) < 0) {
\n perror("listen failed");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n }
\n printf("listen finished\\\\n");<\/p>\n

\/\/\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42
\n struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
\n socklen_t len = sizeof(clientaddr);<\/p>\n

while (1) {
\n printf("accept\\\\n");
\n int clientfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr, &len);
\n if (clientfd < 0) {
\n perror("accept failed");
\n continue;
\n }
\n printf("accept finished\\\\n");<\/p>\n

pthread_t thid;
\n if (pthread_create(&thid, NULL, client__thread, &clientfd) != 0) {
\n perror("pthread_create failed");
\n close(clientfd);
\n } else {
\n pthread_detach(thid);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n

close(sockfd);
\n printf("exit\\\\n");<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u6307\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9（\u5982\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668）\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u534f\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7 connect() \u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 listen() \u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 accept() \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 clientfd\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u901a\u8fc7 clientfd，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0<\/h4>\n

1. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 sockfd \u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，accept() \u8fd4\u56de clientfd，\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u901a\u8fc7 clientfd，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

FD\u3001accept()\u00a0\u548c TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n

FD \u662f TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6807\u8bc6<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26（clientfd）\u3002<\/p>\n

sockfd \u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5，clientfd \u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

accept() \u662f TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/p>\n

accept() \u4ece\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 sockfd \u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u4e3a\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 clientfd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 clientfd，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n

TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n

TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 accept() \u521b\u5efa\u7684 clientfd，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n

1. \u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2. \u521b\u5efa3\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1，\u4ee3\u7801\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u539f\u6837\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b，\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500 \u95ee\u9898：\u6bcf\u6b21\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58）\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d，\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5236 \u95ee\u9898：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4（\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808），\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9650，\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500 \u95ee\u9898：\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362（Context Switching），\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017CPU\u8d44\u6e90，\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898 \u95ee\u9898：\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49），\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u9501（\u5982\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u9501）\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168，\u4f46\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742 \u95ee\u9898：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49），\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90，\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5dee \u95ee\u9898：\u4e00\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u96be\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u65f6，\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90，\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56f0\u96be \u95ee\u9898：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6bd4\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u96be\u4ee5\u91cd\u73b0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u5f71\u54cd：\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848 \u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u4e00\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9，\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848： \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60：\u9884\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7a7a\u95f2\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b：\u4f7f\u7528I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528（\u5982select\u3001poll\u3001epoll）\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O（\u5982libuv\u3001Boost.Asio）\u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u3002 \u534f\u7a0b：\u4f7f\u7528\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u534f\u7a0b（\u5982Go\u8bed\u8a00\u7684goroutine\u3001Python\u7684asyncio）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1，\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n

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