{"id":120881,"date":"2026-11-01T16:49:18","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T08:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120881.html"},"modified":"2026-11-01T16:49:18","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T08:49:18","slug":"%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c%ef%bc%9alinux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%92%8c%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120881.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1aLinux\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

1.1 <\/span>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Linux\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（UID）\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

useradd [\u9009\u9879] \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

-m：\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55（\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d）<\/p>\n

-s：\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55Shell（\u5982\/bin\/bash）<\/p>\n

-G：\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4（\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4）<\/p>\n

-d：\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

-p：\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350，\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168）<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash -G jsj24 jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237jsj0217，\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u6307\u5b9abash\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55Shell，\u5e76\u52a0\u5165jsj24\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 <\/span>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Linux\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6279\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7ec4（GID）\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

groupadd [\u9009\u9879] \u7ec4\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

groups \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

groupmod [\u9009\u9879] \u7ec4\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

groupdel \u7ec4\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5220\u9664\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u540e，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7useradd\u7684-G\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4：<\/p>\n

sudo groupadd jsj24
\nsudo usermod -aG jsj24 \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.3 <\/span>\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u9501\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002Linux\u4f7f\u7528shadow\u673a\u5236\u5b58\u50a8\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

passwd [\u7528\u6237\u540d]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801（root\u53ef\u6539\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -l \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801（\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -u \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -S \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -e \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5f3a\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

passwd -S\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f：\u7528\u6237\u540d \u72b6\u6001 \u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f \u6700\u5c0f\u95f4\u9694 \u6700\u5927\u95f4\u9694 \u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570 \u5bbd\u9650\u5929\u6570<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bc6：L=\u9501\u5b9a，P=\u6709\u5bc6\u7801，NP=\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

1.4 <\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u57fa\u7840（<\/span>rwx<\/span>）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\u6743\u9650，\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237：<\/p>\n

\u6743\u9650\u7c7b\u578b：r（\u8bfbread=4）\u3001w（\u5199write=2）\u3001x（\u6267\u884cexecute=1）<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b：u（\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3buser）\u3001g（\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4group）\u3001o（\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237others）<\/p>\n

\u6743\u9650\u7ec4\u5408\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

rwxr-xr–\u00a0 =>\u00a0 754<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

rw-r–r–\u00a0 =>\u00a0 644\u00a0 (\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

rwxr-xr-x\u00a0 =>\u00a0 755\u00a0 (\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\/\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7ls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

ls -l \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f（\u542b\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ls -ld \u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u00a0\u00a0 # \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.5 chmod<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4（\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

chmod\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650，\u652f\u6301\u6570\u5b57\u6cd5\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u6cd5\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

chmod 755 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5c5e\u4e3brwx(7)，\u7ec4r-x(5)，\u5176\u4ed6r–(5)<\/p>\n

chmod 644 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5c5e\u4e3brw-(6)，\u7ec4r–(4)，\u5176\u4ed6r–(4)<\/p>\n

\u7b26\u53f7\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

chmod u+x \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u7ed9\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

chmod g-w \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u53bb\u6389\u7ec4\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

chmod o=r \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb<\/p>\n

chmod a+x \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u7b26\u53f7\u8bf4\u660e：u=\u5c5e\u4e3b，g=\u7ec4，o=\u5176\u4ed6，a=\u6240\u6709，+=\u6dfb\u52a0，-=\u53bb\u9664，=\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

1.6 chown<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4（\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u7ec4）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

chown\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u683c\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

chown \u65b0\u5c5e\u4e3b \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

chown \u65b0\u5c5e\u4e3b:\u65b0\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

chown :\u65b0\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4ec5\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

chown -R \u5c5e\u4e3b:\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u76ee\u5f55\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650（\u4f7f\u7528sudo）\u3002<\/p>\n

1.7 umask<\/span>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

umask\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u6700\u5927\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bbumask\u503c\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 666 – umask（\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 777 – umask（\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1umask\u503c：<\/p>\n

umask 0022\u00a0 =>\u00a0 \u6587\u4ef6644(rw-r–r–)，\u76ee\u5f55755(rwxr-xr-x)\u00a0 [\u6700\u5e38\u89c1]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

umask 0027\u00a0 =>\u00a0 \u6587\u4ef6640(rw-r—–)，\u76ee\u5f55750(rwxr-x—)\u00a0 [\u66f4\u4e25\u683c]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

umask 0077\u00a0 =>\u00a0 \u6587\u4ef6600(rw——-)，\u76ee\u5f55700(rwx——)\u00a0 [\u6700\u4e25\u683c]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6eumask：<\/p>\n

umask\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u663e\u793a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

umask -S\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u663e\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

umask 0027\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539（\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6709\u6548）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c38\u4e45\u4fee\u6539：\u5c06umask\u503c\u5199\u5165~\/.bashrc\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

echo "umask 0027" >> ~\/.bashrc
\nsource ~\/.bashrc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.8 su<\/span>\u4e0e<\/span>sudo<\/span>\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Linux\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f：su\u548csudo\u3002<\/p>\n

su\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

su \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237（\u9700\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

su – \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5207\u6362\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

su\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5207\u6362\u5230root\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

sudo\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

sudo \u547d\u4ee4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4ee5root\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4（\u9700\u8981\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u533a\u522b：su\u9700\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u5207\u6362\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u9650；sudo\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801，\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97sudo\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG sudo \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f8b\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u9898\u56f4\u7ed5\u672c\u6587\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u6db5\u76d6\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9，\u6bcf\u9898\u5305\u542b\u9898\u76ee\u3001\u9009\u9879\u3001\u7b54\u6848\u548c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>1<\/span>：\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u65f6，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55？<\/p>\n

A. -g\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. -m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. -d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. -s<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>B<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：-m\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a–create-home，\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0b）\u3002-g\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4，-d\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84（\u4f46\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa），-s\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0-m\u53c2\u6570，useradd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u76ee\u5f55，\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d.bashrc\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u9020\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>2<\/span>：<\/span>chmod<\/span>\u6743\u9650\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e3arw-r–r–，\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u662f\u591a\u5c11？<\/p>\n

A. 644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 755\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 655\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 744<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>A<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：\u6743\u9650rw-r–r–\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4：\u5c5e\u4e3brw-（read+write=4+2+0=6），\u7ec4r–（read=4+0+0=4），\u5176\u4ed6r–（read=4+0+0=4），\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f644\u3002755\u5bf9\u5e94rwxr-xr-x（\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650），655\u5bf9\u5e94rw-r-xr-x（\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1），744\u5bf9\u5e94rwxr–r–（\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>3<\/span>：<\/span>umask<\/span>\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u7684umask\u503c\u4e3a0027，\u5219\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u662f\u591a\u5c11？<\/p>\n

A. 644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 640\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 755\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 750<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>B<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：umask\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8ba1\u7b97\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97，\u800c\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7b97\u672f\u51cf\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 666 AND (NOT umask)\u3002NOT 027（\u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd，\u53ea\u53d6\u4f4e9\u4f4d）= 750，666 AND 750 = 640\u3002\u56e0\u6b64umask=0027\u65f6，\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u4e3a640（rw-r—–），\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>4<\/span>：<\/span>chown<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u8981\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6test.txt\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6539\u4e3auser1，\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3adevgroup，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684？<\/p>\n

A. chown user1:devgroup test.txt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. chown devgroup:user1 test.txt
\nC. chown user1.devgroup test.txt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. chgrp user1 test.txt<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>A<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：chown\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3achown \u5c5e\u4e3b:\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u5192\u53f7:\u5206\u9694\u3002\u9009\u9879B\u628a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5199\u53cd\u4e86；\u9009\u9879C\u7528\u4e86\u70b9\u53f7\u5206\u9694，\u8fd9\u662f\u65e7\u5f0f\u5199\u6cd5（chown user1.devgroup），\u867d\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u652f\u6301，\u4f46\u6807\u51c6\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u5192\u53f7；\u9009\u9879D\u7684chgrp\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u7ec4，\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>5<\/span>：<\/span>passwd<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9700\u8981\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237testuser\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55，\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4？<\/p>\n

A. passwd -d testuser\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. passwd -l testuser\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. passwd -u testuser\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. passwd -k testuser<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>B<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：passwd -l（lock）\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801，\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0!\u53f7，\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55\u3002passwd -d（delete）\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801（\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801，\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u5371\u9669）；passwd -u（unlock）\u662f\u89e3\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4e0e\u9501\u5b9a\u76f8\u53cd；passwd -k（kill）\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f，\u5f3a\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u9898<\/span>6<\/span>：\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5（\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u5408）<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u5982\u679c\u67093\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e92\u65a5\u6bb5，\u6bcf\u6b21\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb82\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u4e92\u65a5\u6bb5，\u5219\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u503c\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a（），\u5f53\u67093\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165\u65f6，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a（）\u3002<\/p>\n

A. 2, -1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 3, 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 2, -2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 1, -1<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span>A<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790：\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u521d\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570，\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb82\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165，\u6240\u4ee5\u521d\u503c\u4e3a2\u3002\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bP\u64cd\u4f5c：S=2-1=1，\u8fdb\u5165；\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bP\u64cd\u4f5c：S=1-1=0，\u8fdb\u5165；\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bP\u64cd\u4f5c：S=0-1=-1，\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f533\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165\u65f6，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u503c\u4e3a-1（\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c1\u8868\u793a\u67091\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e2d）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728Kali Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c，\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e3aVMware Workstation Pro，\u767b\u5f55\u8d26\u53f7\u4e3azouhuixin0217（\u59d3\u540d\u62fc\u97f3+\u5b66\u53f7\u540e\u56db\u4f4d）\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

3.0 <\/span>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u786e\u8ba4<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u540e，\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528who\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f：<\/p>\n

who<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>1<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>who<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1 <\/span>\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>1<\/span>：\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(1)<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5e76\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4jsj24，\u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237jsj0217（jsj+\u5b66\u53f7\u540e4\u4f4d），\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4jsj24\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo groupadd jsj24
\nsudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash -G jsj24 jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo groupadd jsj24：\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4jsj24\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash -G jsj24 jsj0217：\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237jsj0217，-m\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，-s \/bin\/bash\u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55Shell\u4e3abash，-G jsj24\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165jsj24\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

id jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1\u547d\u4ee4：\u4f7f\u7528id\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684UID\u3001GID\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f，\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u4e14\u5df2\u52a0\u5165jsj24\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>2<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/span>jsj24<\/span>\u5e76\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span>jsj0217<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>3<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>id<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/span>jsj0217<\/span>\u7684\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(2)<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237jsj240217（jsj24+\u5b66\u53f7\u540e4\u4f4d），\u5e76\u8ba9\u5176\u52a0\u5165jsj24\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash -G jsj24 jsj240217
\nid jsj240217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b65\u9aa4(1)\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237jsj240217\u5e76\u52a0\u5165jsj24\u7ec4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7id\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>4<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/span>jsj240217<\/span>\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(3)<\/span>：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u8bbe\u7f6e\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801my123456\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo passwd jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo passwd jsj0217：\u4ee5root\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5bc6\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5b57\u7b26，\u8fd9\u662fLinux\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>5<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>passwd<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237<\/span>jsj0217<\/span>\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(4)<\/span>：\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u9501\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -l jsj0217
\nsudo passwd -S jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -l jsj0217：\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -S jsj0217：\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u663e\u793a"L"（Locked），\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u5df2\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>6<\/span>：\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001（<\/span>L<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u9501\u5b9a）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(5)<\/span>：\u5207\u6362\u5230<\/span>tty2<\/span>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u767b\u5f55<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef（tty2），\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5jsj0217\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

Ctrl + Alt + F2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5207\u6362\u5230tty2\u7ec8\u7aef<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540djsj0217\u548c\u5bc6\u7801my123456\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c：\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u5df2\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a（\u6b65\u9aa44），\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>7<\/span>：\u5207\u6362\u5230<\/span>tty2<\/span>\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u767b\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>8<\/span>：\u5bc6\u7801\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u63d0\u793a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(6)<\/span>：\u89e3\u9501\u5bc6\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5207\u56de\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762，\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5728tty2\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

Ctrl + Alt + F7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5207\u56de\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762（\u6216F1）
\nsudo passwd -u jsj0217\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

Ctrl + Alt + F7：\u5207\u56de\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762（Kali Linux\u4e2d\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u5728F7，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662fF1）\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -u jsj0217：\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u89e3\u9664\u9501\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u540e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c：\u89e3\u9501\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u56de\u5230tty2\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528jsj0217\/my123456\u767b\u5f55，\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>9<\/span>：\u5207\u56de\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u5e76\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>10<\/span>：\u5bc6\u7801\u89e3\u9501\u6210\u529f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(7)<\/span>：\u67e5\u770b\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

id
\nwhoami
\ngrep jsj0217 \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

id：\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u3001GID\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

whoami：\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

grep jsj0217 \/etc\/passwd：\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22jsj0217\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f（\u5305\u62ec\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u767b\u5f55Shell\u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>11<\/span>：\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f（<\/span>id\/whoami\/grep<\/span>）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(8)<\/span>：\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

groups jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

groups jsj0217：\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4，\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u7ec4\u548c\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u5e94\u663e\u793ajsj0217\u5c5e\u4e8ejsj0217\u7ec4\u548cjsj24\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>12<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>groups<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(9)<\/span>：\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5c06\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4fee\u6539\u4e3aMacs0217（Macs+\u5b66\u53f7\u540e4\u4f4d）\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -l Macs0217 jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -l Macs0217 jsj0217：-l\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d（login name），\u5c06\u539f\u7528\u6237\u540djsj0217\u6539\u4e3aMacs0217\u3002\u6ce8\u610f：\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

id Macs0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1：\u4f7f\u7528id\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>13<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>usermod -l<\/span>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>Macs0217<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(10)<\/span>：\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8d26\u6237zouhuixin0217，\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237jsj0217\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aMacs0217，\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\/home\/Macs0217\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -l Macs0217 -d \/home\/Macs0217 -m jsj0217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -l Macs0217：\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aMacs0217\u3002<\/p>\n

-d \/home\/Macs0217：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\/home\/Macs0217\u3002<\/p>\n

-m：\u5c06\u539f\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55（\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e-mv，\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84）\u3002<\/p>\n

id Macs0217
\nls -ld \/home\/Macs0217
\ngrep Macs0217 \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1：\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528id\u3001ls -ld\u3001grep\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u5747\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>14<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>usermod<\/span>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>15<\/span>：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4fee\u6539\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 <\/span>\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>2<\/span>：\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(1)<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u5207\u6362\u5230\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762，\u5728\u684c\u9762\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u521b\u5efa\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6pwd.sh，\u5e76\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9"pwd"\u3002<\/p>\n

cd \/home\/zouhuixin0217\/\u684c\u9762
\necho pwd >> pwd.sh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

cd \/home\/zouhuixin0217\/\u684c\u9762：\u5207\u6362\u5230\u684c\u9762\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

echo pwd >> pwd.sh：\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32"pwd"\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165\u5230pwd.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d（>>\u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0，\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa）\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91ccecho\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32"pwd"\u800c\u975e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84，\u82e5\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528echo $(pwd) >> pwd.sh\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -l pwd.sh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1：\u67e5\u770bpwd.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f，\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>16<\/span>：\u5728\u684c\u9762\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa<\/span>pwd.sh<\/span>\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u67e5\u770b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(2)<\/span>：\u67e5\u770b<\/span>umask<\/span>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

umask
\numask -S<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

umask：\u4ee5\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u503c（\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a0022）\u3002<\/p>\n

umask -S：\u4ee5\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801（\u5982u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx）\u3002<\/p>\n

umask\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650：\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=666-umask，\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=777-umask\u3002\u5f53umask=0022\u65f6，\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e3a644（rw-r–r–），\u65b0\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u4e3a755（rwxr-xr-x）\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>17<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>umask<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801（\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f）<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>18<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>umask -S<\/span>\u67e5\u770b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801（\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(3)<\/span>：\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6test1\u548c\u76ee\u5f55tt2，\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u4e0eumask\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

touch test1
\nmkdir tt2
\nls -l test1
\nls -ld tt2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

touch test1：\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6test1\u3002<\/p>\n

mkdir tt2：\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55tt2\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -l test1：\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6test1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f（\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -ld tt2：\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55tt2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f（-d\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab，\u4e0d\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c：\u6587\u4ef6test1\u6743\u9650\u4e3arw-r–r–（644），\u76ee\u5f55tt2\u6743\u9650\u4e3arwxr-xr-x（755），\u4e0eumask=0022\u65f6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>19<\/span>：\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>test1<\/span>\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>tt2<\/span>\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650（\u4e0e<\/span>umask<\/span>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u7b26）<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(4)<\/span>：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u4fee\u6539pwd.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3ar-xr–r–（\u5373\u6570\u5b57544）\u3002<\/p>\n

chmod 544 pwd.sh
\nls -l pwd.sh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

chmod 544 pwd.sh：\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539pwd.sh\u7684\u6743\u9650\u30025= r-x（\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650），4= r–（\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650），4= r–（\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650）\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u6743\u9650\u4e3ar-xr–r–\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -l pwd.sh：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>20<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>chmod 544<\/span>\u4fee\u6539<\/span>pwd.sh<\/span>\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(5)<\/span>：\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684pwd.sh\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

.\/pwd.sh<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

.\/pwd.sh：\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55（.\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55）\u4e0b\u7684pwd.sh\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u6267\u884c\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528.\/\u524d\u7f00，\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u8fd9\u662fLinux\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236，\u9632\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c：\u5982\u679c\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e（\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650x），\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u793aPermission denied，\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>21<\/span>：\u6267\u884c<\/span>pwd.sh<\/span>\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(6)<\/span>：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6test1\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e3aMacs0217，\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3ajsj24\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo chown Macs0217:jsj24 test1
\nls -l test1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

sudo chown Macs0217:jsj24 test1：\u4ee5root\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539test1\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e3aMacs0217，\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3ajsj24\u3002\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u5192\u53f7:\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -l test1：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>22<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>chown<\/span>\u4fee\u6539<\/span>test1<\/span>\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>(7)<\/span>：\u7ed9\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u63cf\u8ff0：\u4f7ftest1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

chmod u+x test1
\nls -l test1<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca：<\/p>\n

chmod u+x test1：\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u6cd5\u7ed9test1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b（user）\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（+x）\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6743\u9650\u4ecerw-\u53d8\u4e3arwx\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -l test1：\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540etest1\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5e94\u53d8\u4e3arwxr–r–（\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709rwx\u6743\u9650）\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe<\/span>23<\/span>：\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>chmod u+x<\/span>\u7ed9<\/span>test1<\/span>\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u601d\u8003\u9898\u4e0e\u7b54\u6848\u89e3\u6790<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

4.1 <\/span>\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>1<\/span>\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span>1<\/span>：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528<\/span> useradd -m<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6，\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 useradd -m \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528 useradd？\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0 -m \u53c2\u6570，\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u9ebb\u70e6？<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span><\/p>\n

useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u52a0-m\u53c2\u6570\u65f6，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55（\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d）\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

（1）\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\/，\u4f53\u9a8c\u6781\u5dee；<\/p>\n

（2）.bashrc\u3001.profile\u3001.bash_profile\u7b49Shell\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d，\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u522b\u540d\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5b9a\u5236\u7b49\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6548；<\/p>\n

（3）\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f（\u5982ssh\u3001ftp\u7b49）\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c，\u7f3a\u5c11\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u62a5\u9519；<\/p>\n

（4）\u90ae\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\/Maildir\u6216\/var\/mail\/\u7528\u6237\u540d）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64，\u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u53ef\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u65f6，\u59cb\u7ec8\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span>2<\/span>：<\/span>sudo<\/span>\u7ec4\u4e0e<\/span>UID=0<\/span>\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u5728Kali Linux\u4e2d，\u5c06\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176UID\u8bbe\u4e3a0\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b？<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4：\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237，UID\u4e0d\u662f0（\u901a\u5e38\u662f1000\u4ee5\u4e0a）\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7sudo\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6，\u624d\u4f1a\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee5root\u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd"\u53d7\u63a7\u63d0\u6743"\u673a\u5236，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4（\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/sudoers\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6），\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709sudo\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

UID\u8bbe\u4e3a0：\u8be5\u8d26\u6237\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u4f1a\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u4f5croot\u7528\u6237，\u62e5\u6709\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650，\u5305\u62ec\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u8be5\u8d26\u6237\u88ab\u653b\u7834，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u800c\u4e14UID=0\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u88absudo\u673a\u5236\u9650\u5236，\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b：sudo\u7ec4\u662f"\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u63d0\u6743"，\u800cUID\u8bbe\u4e3a0\u662f"\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u6574\u7684root\u6743\u9650"，\u540e\u8005\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e25\u7981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span>3<\/span>：<\/span>su<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u547d\u4ee4su\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237？<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002su（switch user）\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u6237\u8eab\u4efd，\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002su\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801（\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u662froot），\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\/sbin\/nologin\u6216\/bin\/false，\u5219\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25（\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55）\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

sudo su -s \/bin\/bash \u7528\u6237\u540d -c "\u547d\u4ee4"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 <\/span>\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>2<\/span>\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span>4<\/span>：<\/span>Permission denied<\/span>\u6392\u67e5<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4fee\u6539\u4e86pwd.sh\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3ar-xr–r–（\u5373544）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u63d0\u793a"Permission denied"，\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5916，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6743\u9650？<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5916，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（x\u6743\u9650）\u3002Linux\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790\u673a\u5236\u8981\u6c42：\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9（\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55），\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6267\u884c（x）\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982，\u8981\u6267\u884c\/home\/zouhuixin0217\/\u684c\u9762\/pwd.sh，\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\/home\u3001\/home\/zouhuixin0217\u3001\/home\/zouhuixin0217\/\u684c\u9762\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709x\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u684c\u9762\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709x\u6743\u9650，\u5373\u4f7fpwd.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650，\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7.\/pwd.sh\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

ls -ld \/home\/zouhuixin0217\/\u684c\u9762<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709x，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528chmod +x\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u9898<\/span>5<\/span>：<\/span>umask<\/span>\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u9898\u76ee：\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884cecho pwd >> pwd.sh\u65f6，\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u7684？\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ee5\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8"\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237"\u8bfb\u53d6，\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a？<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u7531umask（\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u63a9\u7801）\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 666 – umask（\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = 777 – umask（\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982，\u5f53umask\u4e3a0022\u65f6：\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=666-022=644（rw-r–r–），\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=777-022=755（rwxr-xr-x）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ee5\u540e\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8"\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237"\u8bfb\u53d6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06umask\u6539\u4e3a0027：<\/p>\n

umask 0027<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=666-027=640（rw-r—–），\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb；\u65b0\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650=777-027=750（rwxr-x—）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548，\u53ef\u5c06umask\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5199\u5165~\/.bashrc\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

echo "umask 0027" >> ~\/.bashrc
\nsource ~\/.bashrc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6574\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003：<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>1<\/span>：<\/span>useradd<\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e，\u53d1\u73b0\/home\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0：useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u56e0\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982Kali Linux）\u4e2d，\/etc\/login.defs\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684CREATE_HOME\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3ano，\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd51：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u52a0\u4e0a-m\u53c2\u6570
\nsudo useradd -m \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd52：\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650
\nsudo mkdir \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d
\nsudo chown \u7528\u6237\u540d:\u7528\u6237\u540d \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d
\nsudo cp \/etc\/skel\/.bashrc \/etc\/skel\/.profile \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\/
\nsudo chown \u7528\u6237\u540d:\u7528\u6237\u540d \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\/.bashrc \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\/.profile<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>2<\/span>：<\/span>passwd<\/span>\u9501\u5b9a\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u9501<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u4f7f\u7528passwd -l\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540e，\u4f7f\u7528passwd -u\u89e3\u9501\u65f6\u62a5\u9519"passwd: Failed to unlock for user"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0：\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6，passwd -l\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u524d\u52a0!，\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u6539\u4e3a*（\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u767b\u5f55）\u3002\u6b64\u65f6passwd -u\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u9501，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

# \u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u518d\u9501\u5b9a
\nsudo passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801
\nsudo passwd -l \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u518d\u9501\u5b9a<\/p>\n

# \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u9501\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25，\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/shadow
\nsudo nano \/etc\/shadow
\n# \u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u884c，\u786e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ee5!\u5f00\u5934（\u5982!$6$…）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>3<\/span>：<\/span>usermod<\/span>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5931\u8d25<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u4f7f\u7528usermod -l\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u65f6\u62a5\u9519"usermod: user jsj0217 is currently used by process XXXX"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0：\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u5373\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u767b\u5f55\u7740），usermod\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd51：\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd
\nsudo pkill -u \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n# \u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4fee\u6539
\nsudo usermod -l \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d \u539f\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd52：\u4ecetty\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ce8\u9500\u8be5\u7528\u6237
\n# \u7136\u540e\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>4<\/span>：<\/span>chmod<\/span>\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u540e\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u5bf9\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86chmod +x\u540e，\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u63d0\u793a"Permission denied"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e01：\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（x\u6743\u9650）\u3002Linux\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709x\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68481：<\/p>\n

ls -ld \/path\/to\/directory
\nchmod +x \/path\/to\/directory<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e02：\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86noexec\u9009\u9879（\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\/tmp\u7b49\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68482：\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u53bb\u6389noexec\u9009\u9879，\u6216\u5c06\u811a\u672c\u79fb\u5230\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e03：SELinux\u6216AppArmor\u7b49\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u5757\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68483：\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528SELinux（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883）：<\/p>\n

sudo setenforce 0\u00a0 # \u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528
\n# \u6216\u4fee\u6539SELinux\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587：
\nsudo chcon -t bin_t \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>5<\/span>：<\/span>su<\/span>\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u793a<\/span>"Authentication failure"<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u4f7f\u7528su\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u63d0\u793a"Authentication failure"，\u4f46\u5bc6\u7801\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e01：\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e（\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u7801）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68481：<\/p>\n

sudo passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e02：\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55Shell\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\/sbin\/nologin\u6216\/bin\/false\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68482：<\/p>\n

sudo chsh -s \/bin\/bash \u7528\u6237\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 # \u4fee\u6539\u767b\u5f55Shell\u4e3abash<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e03：\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e（\u5e94\u4e3a640\u6216600）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u68483：<\/p>\n

sudo chmod 640 \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898<\/span>6<\/span>：<\/span>sudo<\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a<\/span>"<\/span>\u4e0d\u5728<\/span>sudoers<\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u73b0\u8c61：\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884csudo\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u62a5\u9519"xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported."\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0：\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u672a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230sudo\u7ec4，\u6216\u8005\/etc\/sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684sudo\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd51：\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4（\u63a8\u8350）
\nsudo usermod -aG sudo \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd52：\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91sudoers\u6587\u4ef6（\u9700\u8c28\u614e）
\nsudo visudo
\n# \u5728root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\u4e0b\u65b9\u6dfb\u52a0：
\n\u7528\u6237\u540d ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u56f4\u7ed5Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9898\u5c55\u5f00，\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u4e86Linux\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u83b7\u548c\u5fc3\u5f97\u4f53\u4f1a：<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00，\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7useradd\u3001usermod\u3001passwd\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4，\u6211\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u9501\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5passwd -l\u9501\u5b9a\u548cpasswd -u\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6211\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u9501\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0!\u7b26\u53f7，\u800c\u89e3\u9501\u5219\u662f\u79fb\u9664\u8be5\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8ba9\u6211\u5bf9Linux\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c，\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b\u662fLinux\u5b89\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7umask\u3001chmod\u3001chown\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4e86rwx\u4e09\u7c7b\u6743\u9650（\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c）\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237（\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u4ed6），\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u6cd5（\u5982755\u3001644）\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u6cd5（\u5982u+x\u3001g-w）\u4e24\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f，\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5373\u4f7f\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650，\u5982\u679c\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u7f3a\u5c11x\u6743\u9650，\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u8ba9\u6211\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230Linux\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u7ea7\u522b\u7684，\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09，umask\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86Linux\u7684"\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219"\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4umask\u503c0022\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650，\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539umask\u503c（\u5982\u6539\u4e3a0027），\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6536\u7d27\u6743\u9650\u7b56\u7565，\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db，su\u4e0esudo\u7684\u533a\u522b\u8ba9\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4e86"\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219"\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002sudo\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743\u673a\u5236，\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c，\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b，\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06UID\u8bbe\u4e3a0\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4，\u4f46\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u2014 <\/span>\u5168\u6587\u5b8c<\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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