{"id":120750,"date":"2026-11-01T08:40:58","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T00:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120750.html"},"modified":"2026-11-01T08:40:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T00:40:58","slug":"mysql-utf8mb4-%e6%94%b9%e9%80%a0%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e9%9b%86%e8%bf%81%e7%a7%bb%e4%b8%8e%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%e9%95%bf%e5%ba%a6%e5%a2%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120750.html","title":{"rendered":"MySQL utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>  \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875&#xff1a;<br \/>\n &gt; for_ever_love__ &lt;&#xff08;\u6b22\u8fce\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u4f6c\u8385\u4e34&#x1f60a;&#xff09; <\/p>\n<p>  \u5176\u4ed6\u680f\u76ee:<br \/>\n &gt; \u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u4ece0\u52301 &lt; <\/p>\n<p>  \u5176\u4ed6\u680f\u76ee:<br \/>\n &gt; iOS\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3\u5927\u5168 &lt; <\/p>\n<p>  \u5176\u4ed6\u680f\u76ee:<br \/>\n &gt; \u6211\u60f3\u5b66python\u4e86 &lt; <\/p>\n<p>  \u5176\u4ed6\u680f\u76ee:<br \/>\n &gt; iOS UI &lt; <\/p>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>MySQL utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001MySQL \u7684 utf8 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5047\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001MySQL \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u5148\u76d8\u70b9&#xff1a;\u73b0\u72b6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u5168\u5e93\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5206\u5e03<\/li>\n<li>3.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u662f\u4e0d\u662f utf8mb4<\/li>\n<li>3.3 \u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899&#xff1a;\u6539\u9020\u5fc5\u8e29\u7684\u5751<\/li>\n<li>\u4e94\u3001\u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u65bd&#xff1a;\u4e09\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u9009\u54ea\u4e2a<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>5.1 \u5728\u7ebf\u6539&#xff1a;ALTER TABLE &#8230; CONVERT TO<\/li>\n<li>5.2 \u53cc\u5199\u8fc7\u6e21&#xff1a;\u65b0\u5e93 utf8mb4&#xff0c;\u8001\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301<\/li>\n<li>5.3 \u5de5\u5177\u5316&#xff1a;pt-online-schema-change \/ gh-ost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u516d\u3001\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u6e05\u5355<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>6.1 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/li>\n<li>6.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u9a71\u52a8<\/li>\n<li>6.3 \u5e94\u7528\u4fa7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e03\u3001\u7070\u5ea6\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda<\/li>\n<li>\u516b\u3001\u9a8c\u6536\u6e05\u5355<\/li>\n<li>\u4e5d\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>MySQL utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u6218&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u5f20\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u6635\u79f0\u7684\u8868&#xff0c;\u63d2\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a emoji \u5c31\u62a5 Incorrect string value&#xff1b;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684 ALTER&#xff0c;\u628a\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u9876\u7206 Specified key was too long&#xff1b;\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u51a4\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u5e93\u660e\u660e\u662f utf8&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6599\u91cc\u7684\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u5374\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e32\u95ee\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5751&#xff0c;\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b&#xff1a;MySQL \u7684 utf8 \u662f\u4e2a&#034;\u5047 utf8&#034;\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u628a utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u5b8c\u6574\u8fc7\u4e00\u904d&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u8fc1\u3001\u56db\u5c42\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u600e\u4e48\u8bbe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899\u600e\u4e48\u7834\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u91cf\u5e93\u7070\u5ea6\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001MySQL \u7684 utf8 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5047\u7684<\/h3>\n<p>MySQL \u7684 utf8 \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u5b58 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282&#xff08;utf8mb3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b83\u8986\u76d6 BMP \u57fa\u672c\u591a\u6587\u79cd\u5e73\u9762&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b58\u4e0d\u4e86 Emoji\u3001\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728 UTF-8 \u91cc\u9700\u8981 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t_demo <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name <span class=\"token keyword\">VARCHAR<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">32<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">CHARSET<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>utf8<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">INTO<\/span> t_demo <span class=\"token keyword\">VALUES<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;&#x1f600;&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e9b&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 utf8mb4&#xff08;\u771f\u6b63\u7684 UTF-8&#xff0c;1~4 \u5b57\u8282&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751\u662f&#xff1a;\u4e07\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;4 \u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u6210\u4e71\u7801\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u6539\u4e2a\u8868Charset&#034;\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5e93\u3001\u8868\u3001\u5217\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21&#xff0c;\u5916\u52a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a71\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5c11\u4e00\u5c42&#xff0c;\u6539\u9020\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001MySQL \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u9020\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6709\u56db\u5c42&#xff0c;\u4ece\u7c97\u5230\u7ec6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>| \u5c42\u7ea7 | \u53d8\u91cf \/ \u4f4d\u7f6e | \u9ed8\u8ba4 | \u8bf4\u660e |<\/p>\n<p>|\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|<\/p>\n<p>| \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ea7 | character_set_server | utf8mb4&#xff08;8.0 \u8d77&#xff09; | \u65b0\u5efa\u5e93\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4 |<\/p>\n<p>| \u5e93\u7ea7 | CREATE DATABASE &#8230; CHARSET | \u7ee7\u627f\u670d\u52a1\u5668 | \u65b0\u5efa\u8868\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4 |<\/p>\n<p>| \u8868\u7ea7 | CREATE TABLE &#8230; CHARSET | \u7ee7\u627f\u5e93 | \u65b0\u5efa\u5217\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4 |<\/p>\n<p>| \u5217\u7ea7 | \u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\u91cc\u7684 CHARSET | \u7ee7\u627f\u8868 | \u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6548\u503c |<\/p>\n<p>\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u2014\u2014\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5c42&#xff0c;\u4f46\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u600e\u4e48\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>| \u53d8\u91cf | \u4f5c\u7528 |<\/p>\n<p>|\u2014|\u2014|<\/p>\n<p>| character_set_client | \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f16\u7801 |<\/p>\n<p>| character_set_connection | \u8bed\u53e5\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u7684\u7f16\u7801 |<\/p>\n<p>| character_set_results | \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7f16\u7801 |<\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u9020\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f&#xff1a;\u5e93\u8868\u5217\u7edf\u4e00 utf8mb4&#xff0c;\u94fe\u8def\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u7edf\u4e00 utf8mb4\u3002 \u53ea\u6539\u8868\u4e0d\u6539\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;4 \u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u8fc7\u4e0d\u4e86\u94fe\u8def&#xff1b;\u53ea\u6539\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u6539\u8868&#xff0c;\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>MySQL 8.0 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u9762 utf8mb4&#xff08;character_set_server&#061;utf8mb4\u3001collation_server&#061;utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65b0\u5efa\u5e93\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u5386\u53f2\u5e93\u6539\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u5148\u76d8\u70b9&#xff1a;\u73b0\u72b6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u9020\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u624b&#xff0c;\u662f\u628a\u5bb6\u5e95\u6478\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 \u5168\u5e93\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5206\u5e03<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e93\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5206\u5e03<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">SELECT<\/span> table_schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> table_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> column_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> character_set_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> collation_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> data_type<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">FROM<\/span> information_schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">columns<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">WHERE<\/span> table_schema <span class=\"token operator\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">IN<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;mysql&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;sys&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;information_schema&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;performance_schema&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">BY<\/span> table_schema<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> table_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> ordinal_position<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u70b9\u770b\u4e09\u7c7b&#xff1a;character_set_name &#061; &#039;utf8&#039;&#xff08;\u5047 utf8&#xff0c;\u8981\u8fc1&#xff09;\u3001&#039;latin1&#039;&#xff08;\u897f\u6b27&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e71\u7801&#xff09;\u3001&#039;gbk&#039;&#xff08;\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u90fd\u8981\u8fc1&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u662f\u4e0d\u662f utf8mb4<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">SHOW<\/span> VARIABLES <span class=\"token operator\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;character_set_%&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">SHOW<\/span> VARIABLES <span class=\"token operator\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;collation%&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c character_set_client\/connection\/results \u662f utf8&#xff08;mb3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5373\u4fbf\u8868\u662f utf8mb4&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5199\u5165 Emoji \u4e00\u6837\u4f1a\u5728\u62a5\u9519\u6216\u622a\u65ad\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n<p>\u540c\u662f utf8mb4&#xff0c;utf8mb4_general_ci \u548c utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci \u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>general_ci&#xff1a;MySQL 5.7 \u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff0c;\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7c97&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e2d\u65e5\u97e9\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd1\u4f3c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>0900_ai_ci&#xff1a;MySQL 8.0 \u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff0c;\u57fa\u4e8e Unicode 9.0&#xff0c;ai &#061; \u53e3\u97f3\u4e0d\u654f\u611f&#xff08;\u00e9 &#061; e&#xff09;&#xff0c;ci &#061; \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u654f\u611f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>utf8mb4_0900_as_cs&#xff1a;\u53e3\u97f3\u654f\u611f\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f&#xff0c;\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u6761 JOIN \u6216 UNION \u4e24\u8fb9\u7684 collation \u4e0d\u4e00\u6837&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u62a5 Illegal mix of collations\u3002 \u6539\u9020\u65f6\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u7edf\u4e00&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u5bf9\u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u5f0f COLLATE\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u5899&#xff1a;\u6539\u9020\u5fc5\u8e29\u7684\u5751<\/h3>\n<p>utf8mb4 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6700\u591a 4 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u540c\u6837 VARCHAR(255) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;utf8 \u4e0b\u5360 765 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;utf8mb4 \u4e0b\u5360 1020 \u5b57\u8282\u2014\u2014\u4e8e\u662f\u649e\u4e0a\u4e86 InnoDB \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>| \u9650\u5236 | \u503c | \u8bf4\u660e |<\/p>\n<p>|\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|<\/p>\n<p>| \u5355\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u6700\u5927\u5b57\u8282 | 767 \u5b57\u8282 | \u5bf9\u5e94 antelope \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0b VARCHAR(255) utf8mb3 |<\/p>\n<p>| \u5927\u524d\u7f00\u540e | 3072 \u5b57\u8282 | Barracuda &#043; innodb_large_prefix&#xff0c;MySQL 5.7.7&#043; \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f |<\/p>\n<p>3072 \u5b57\u8282 \u00f7 4 &#061; utf8mb4 \u4e0b\u5355\u5217 VARCHAR \u7d22\u5f15\u6700\u957f 768 \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u4ee5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>VARCHAR(255) &#043; utf8mb4 &#043; \u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15 &#061; 1020 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u5728\u6ca1\u5f00\u5927\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519 Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u8def\u5f84\u6309\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; \u65b9\u6848 1&#xff1a;\u786e\u8ba4\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5df2\u652f\u6301\u5927\u524d\u7f00&#xff08;5.7.7&#043; \u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff0c;8.0 \u65e0\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6052\u652f\u6301&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">SHOW<\/span> VARIABLES <span class=\"token operator\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;innodb_large_prefix&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; 8.0 \u5df2\u79fb\u9664&#xff0c;\u6c38\u8fdc\u652f\u6301 3072<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">SHOW<\/span> VARIABLES <span class=\"token operator\">LIKE<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;innodb_file_format&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; \u5e94\u4e3a Barracuda<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; \u65b9\u6848 2&#xff1a;\u6539\u524d\u7f00\u7d22\u5f15&#xff08;\u4fdd\u7559\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t_user <span class=\"token keyword\">ADD<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">INDEX<\/span> idx_name <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">191<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; 191 \u00d7 4 &#061; 764 &lt; 767<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">&#8212; \u65b9\u6848 3&#xff1a;\u6539\u5217\u957f\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t_user <span class=\"token keyword\">MODIFY<\/span> name <span class=\"token keyword\">VARCHAR<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">191<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>191 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9b54\u6cd5\u6570\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u4ece 767 \u5b57\u8282\u53cd\u63a8\u7684&#xff08;767 \u00f7 4 &#061; 191.75&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6574 191&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5927\u91cf MyBatis-Plus\u3001Spring Boot \u8001\u9879\u76ee\u91cc varchar(191) \u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u65b0\u5e93\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5 utf8mb4 &#043; 3072 \u4e0a\u9650&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5230 768\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u8fde\u5e26\u5751&#xff1a;ROW_FORMAT \u4e5f\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6539 utf8mb4 \u524d\u5efa\u8bae\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f DYNAMIC&#xff08;8.0 \u9ed8\u8ba4&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u8001\u5e93\u5982\u679c\u662f COMPACT&#xff0c;\u5148 ALTER TABLE &#8230; ROW_FORMAT&#061;DYNAMIC \u518d\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6&#xff0c;\u4e24\u6b21 ALTER \u4e0d\u5982\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u65bd&#xff1a;\u4e09\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u9009\u54ea\u4e2a<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b58\u91cf\u5e93\u6539\u9020\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u8def\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u6309\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u505c\u673a\u7a97\u53e3\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.1 \u5728\u7ebf\u6539&#xff1a;ALTER TABLE \u2026 CONVERT TO<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">TABLE<\/span> t_user <span class=\"token keyword\">CONVERT<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">TO<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">CHARACTER<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">SET<\/span> utf8mb4 <span class=\"token keyword\">COLLATE<\/span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u8868\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u5217\u4e00\u8d77\u8f6c\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5341\u6709\u516b\u4e5d\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u8868\u2014\u2014\u5927\u8868\u4e0a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21 table rebuild&#xff0c;\u671f\u95f4\u9501\u8868&#xff08;5.6 \u4e4b\u524d\u5168\u7a0b DML \u963b\u585e&#xff0c;5.6&#043; \u6709 online DDL&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8f6c\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7248\u672c\u4f1a fallback \u5230 copy&#xff09;\u3002\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u8868\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u51e0\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u53ea\u6539\u8868\u4e0d\u6539\u5217\u7528 MODIFY&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6539\u5217 charset \u7528 ALTER TABLE t MODIFY name VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4\u3002CONVERT TO \u662f\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u8f6c\u6362&#xff0c;MODIFY DEFAULT CHARACTER SET \u53ea\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5b58\u91cf\u5217\u2014\u2014\u770b\u8bed\u4e49\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>MODIFY \u5217\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u5b8c\u6574\u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\u91cd\u5199\u4e00\u904d&#xff08;\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7a7a\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c&#xff09;&#xff0c;MySQL \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u6539 charset \u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h4>5.2 \u53cc\u5199\u8fc7\u6e21&#xff1a;\u65b0\u5e93 utf8mb4&#xff0c;\u8001\u5e93\u4fdd\u6301<\/h4>\n<p>\u65b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u5168\u90e8\u5efa utf8mb4&#xff1b;\u8001\u5e93\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6&#xff0c;\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u5bf9 emoji \u505a\u5bb9\u9519&#xff08;\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u66ff\u6362&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u8def\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8001\u5e93\u6c38\u8fdc\u5e26\u7740\u6280\u672f\u503a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.3 \u5de5\u5177\u5316&#xff1a;pt-online-schema-change \/ gh-ost<\/h4>\n<p>\u5927\u8868\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u59ff\u52bf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>pt-online-schema-change <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;alter<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <span class=\"token assign-left variable\">D<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>bizdb,t<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span>t_user <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <span class=\"token parameter variable\">&#8211;execute<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">\\\\<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  &#8211;chunk-size <span class=\"token number\">2000<\/span><\/p>\n<p>pt-osc \u8d70&#034;\u5f71\u5b50\u8868 &#043; \u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u91cf&#034;\u7684\u8001\u8def&#xff0c;gh-ost \u8d70 binlog \u589e\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5171\u540c\u70b9&#xff1a;\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5e93\u538b\u529b\u53ef\u63a7&#xff0c;\u4ece\u5e93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002\u5404\u6709\u5751&#xff08;pt-osc \u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u5bf9\u5199\u5165\u6709\u5f00\u9500&#xff1b;gh-ost \u9700\u8981 row \u683c\u5f0f binlog&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u5148\u5728\u4ece\u5e93\u6f14\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u9020\u4e0d\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff0c;\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u90fd\u8981 utf8mb4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>6.1 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/h4>\n<p>[mysqld]<\/p>\n<p>character-set-server &#061; utf8mb4<\/p>\n<p>collation-server     &#061; utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<\/p>\n<p>init_connect         &#061; &#039;SET NAMES utf8mb4&#039;   # \u8001\u7248\u672c\u515c\u5e95&#xff0c;8.0 \u53ef\u7701<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9 5.7 \u8001\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;init_connect \u7ed9\u6ca1\u663e\u5f0f SET NAMES \u7684\u8001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u515c\u5e95&#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f\u5b83\u5bf9 SUPER \u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7136&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u9a71\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>| \u8bed\u8a00\/\u9a71\u52a8 | \u914d\u7f6e |<\/p>\n<p>|\u2014|\u2014|<\/p>\n<p>| JDBC | URL \u52a0 characterEncoding&#061;utf8mb4&amp;useUnicode&#061;true&#xff08;\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u53ef\u7701&#xff09; |<\/p>\n<p>| PyMySQL | charset&#061;&#039;utf8mb4&#039;&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8 SET NAMES |<\/p>\n<p>| Go | collation&#061;utf8mb4_unicode_ci &#043; loc |<\/p>\n<p>| PHP mysqli\/PDO | SET NAMES utf8mb4 \u6216 DSN \u52a0 charset&#061;utf8mb4 |<\/p>\n<p>| Node mysql | charset: &#039;utf8mb4&#039; |<\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u6267\u884c SHOW VARIABLES LIKE &#039;character_set_connection&#039;&#xff0c;\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u5f97\u662f utf8mb4\u3002\u5f88\u591a&#034;\u660e\u660e\u6539\u4e86\u9a71\u52a8\u5374\u8fd8\u62a5\u9519&#034;\u7684\u6848\u5b50&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u91cc\u7684\u8001\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 \u5e94\u7528\u4fa7<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>HTML \u9875\u9762 &lt;meta charset&#061;&#034;utf-8&#034;&gt;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>HTTP \u54cd\u5e94 Content-Type: &#8230;; charset&#061;utf-8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>JSON \u5e8f\u5217\u5316 UTF-8&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8001\u6570\u636e\u4ece GBK\/latin1 \u5bfc\u51fa\u518d\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5148\u7528 iconv \u8f6c UTF-8&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u704c&#xff08;\u4f1a\u628a\u4e71\u7801\u56fa\u5316\u8fdb utf8mb4&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u7070\u5ea6\u4e0e\u56de\u6eda<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8282\u594f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u9884\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u6f14\u7ec3&#xff1a;\u627e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8868\u8d70\u4e00\u904d\u8ba1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u6d4b\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6\u9884\u68c0&#xff1a;\u6539\u9020\u524d\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d&#034;\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6 \/ \u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6&#034;&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u5168\u90e8 &lt; 3072 \u5b57\u8282&#xff08;\u6216 191 \u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u7f00&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5907\u4efd\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;\u5168\u5907 &#043; binlog \u4f4d\u70b9\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ece\u5e93\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;\u5148\u5728\u4ece\u5e93\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u65e0\u62a5\u9519\u540e\u505a\u4e3b\u5e93&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;\u4e1a\u52a1\u4f4e\u5cf0&#xff0c;precheck \u2192 ALTER \u2192 \u6821\u9a8c\u884c\u6570\/\u6821\u9a8c\u548c&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u6eda\u52a8&#xff1a;\u5e94\u7528\u53d1\u7248\u5207\u6362\u9a71\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fde\u63a5\u62a5\u9519&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u56de\u5f52&#xff1a;\u63d2\u4e00\u6761\u5e26 emoji \u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u67e5\u56de\u6765\u6bd4\u5bf9&#xff1b;\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u6838\u5fc3\u8bfb\u5199&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u671f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5468\u5185\u76ef\u6162\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u8f6c\u6362\u544a\u8b66\u3001\u4e71\u7801\u6295\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u56de\u6eda\u9884\u6848&#xff1a;\u8868\u7ea7\u56de\u6eda\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5411 ALTER &#8230; CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5df2\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6551\u4e0d\u56de\u6765&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece latin1 \u8fc1\u5230 utf8mb4 \u65f6\u5982\u679c\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f&#034;\u95ee\u53f7\u4e71\u7801&#034;&#xff0c;\u8fc1\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd8\u662f\u4e71\u7801\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u524d\u8981\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5e72\u51c0\u7684 latin1 \u771f\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u6b21\u635f\u574f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u9a8c\u6536\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> SHOW VARIABLES \u786e\u8ba4 server\/database\/connection\/results \u5168 utf8mb4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> information_schema.columns \u65e0\u6b8b\u7559 utf8&#xff08;mb3&#xff09;\/ latin1 \u4e1a\u52a1\u5217&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> \u5168\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u957f\u5ea6 &lt; 3072 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u8d85\u957f\u7684\u5df2\u6539\u524d\u7f00\u7d22\u5f15&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> \u9a71\u52a8\/ORM \u8fde\u63a5\u4e32\u5168\u90e8\u5e26 utf8mb4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> \u63d2\u5165 emoji \u4e0e\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u56de\u5f52\u901a\u8fc7&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> \u65e0 Illegal mix of collations \u62a5\u9519&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\">\n<p> \u8001\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Excel \u5bfc\u5165\u3001CSV \u5bfc\u51fa&#xff09;\u62bd\u67e5\u65e0\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>utf8mb4 \u6539\u9020\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u4e3b\u7ebf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fc1&#xff1a;MySQL \u7684 utf8 \u662f 3 \u5b57\u8282\u5047\u8d27&#xff0c;emoji \u548c\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u5b58\u4e0d\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u8fc1\u5230 utf8mb4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6539\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1a;\u5e93\u3001\u8868\u3001\u5217\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u56db\u5c42\u5168\u6539&#xff0c;CONVERT TO \u6216 pt-osc\/gh-ost \u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u7d22\u5f15 3072 \u5b57\u8282\u5899\u7528 191\/768 \u524d\u7f00\u7ed5&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u7a33&#xff1a;\u4ece\u5e93\u5148\u884c\u3001\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u6267\u884c\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u6eda\u52a8\u3001\u56de\u6eda\u9884\u6848\u5148\u5199\u597d&#xff0c;\u9a8c\u6536\u7528&#034;\u63d2\u4e00\u6761 emoji&#034;\u505a\u9ec4\u91d1\u5224\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64 ms5-7 \u6574\u518c 6 \u7bc7\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684 ms5-8 \u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6df1\u6c34\u533a&#xff1a;\u6162\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e38\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u8bca\u65ad\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875&#xff1a;&gt; 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