{"id":120480,"date":"2026-10-31T19:40:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T11:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120480.html"},"modified":"2026-10-31T19:40:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T11:40:49","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e6%9b%bf%e6%8d%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/120480.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>        \/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views .toc,<br \/>\n        \/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; p:empty:has(+ .toc),<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty,<br \/>\n        \/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views #main-toc,<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views #hr-toc,<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views p[id*=\\&#8221;-toc\\&#8221;] {<br \/>\n          display: none !important;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n        \/* \u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u6389\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u4e0a\u8fb9\u8ddd *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h1,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h2,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h3,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h4,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h1,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h2,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h3,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h4 {<br \/>\n          margin-top: 0 !important;<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7528 fork() \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;\u6216\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 if-else \u5206\u6d41\u6267\u884c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 exec* \u7cfb\u5217\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\/\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u51fd\u6570\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4ece\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u524d\u540e&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 PID \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u5185\u6838\u628a\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u9875\u8868\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u6539\u53d8&#xff1a;\u539f\u672c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u65e7\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f53\u8c03\u7528 exec* \u51fd\u6570\u65f6&#xff0c;\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u7740&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u66f4\u65b0\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u72ec\u7acb\u6027&#xff1a;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u539f\u672c\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u4e00\u65e6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 exec*&#xff0c;\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8986\u76d6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114044-6ae5d3bc7f2a7.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u5c31\u662f exec \u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;\u5148\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u89e3\u91ca&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>test.c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86!\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u7684pid: %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">getpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>myexec.c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86!\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u7684pid: %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">getpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;.\/test&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;test&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114045-6ae5d3bd40cba.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>pid \u6ca1\u53d8&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b execl \u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6 exec* \u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd exec \u7248\u672c\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114045-6ae5d3bd63006.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>2.1 execl<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>path&#xff1a;\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u56de\u7b54\u4e86&#034;\u6211\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8c01&#034;&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>arg&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u4f20\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u56de\u7b54\u4e86&#034;\u6211\u60f3\u600e\u4e48\u6267\u884c\u5b83&#034;&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;&#xff1a;\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 NULL \u7ed3\u5c3e&#xff0c;\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/usr\/bin\/ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728 \/usr\/bin\/ls \u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u66ff\u6362\u8fdb\u6765\u8bd5\u8bd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func01<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85 pid \u4e3a id \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> wid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6210\u529f,\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114045-6ae5d3bd8913e.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u81ea\u52a8\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84&#xff1a;execlp<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execlp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684 p \u4ee3\u8868 PATH\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf $PATH \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">execlp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func01<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execl(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execlp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85 pid \u4e3a id \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> wid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6210\u529f,\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114045-6ae5d3bdcaf87.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u8865\u5145<\/h4>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u5e26\u4e0a\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u4e0a\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4e8b&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u633a\u591a\u7684&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7136\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u8c28\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u6570\u7ec4\u4f20\u53c2&#xff1a;execv<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684 v \u4ee3\u8868 vector&#xff08;\u6570\u7ec4&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u88c5\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7edf\u4e00\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func01<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8981\u5e26 NULL<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>_argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execl(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execlp(&#034;ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> _argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85 pid \u4e3a id \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> wid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6210\u529f,\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114046-6ae5d3be19dcc.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114046-6ae5d3be5b1bc.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>2.4 \u4f20\u9012\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;execvpe \u4e0e execle<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execvpe<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684 e \u4ee3\u8868 environment\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5411\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u5f20\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868 envp&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26 e \u7684\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u51b2\u7a81&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\u5c31\u80fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u5e26\u6709 e \u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4f20\u9012\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u5f0f\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u539f\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff08;\u5982 PATH&#xff09;\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5229\u7528 putenv \u5b9e\u73b0\u8ffd\u52a0\u4f20\u9012&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8c03\u7528 exec* \u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 putenv(char *string) \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5168\u5c40 environ \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 environ \u6574\u4f53\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u6027&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u94fe&#xff1a;A \u2192 B \u2192 C&#xff08;B \u662f A \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;C \u662f B \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c B \u8fdb\u7a0b putenv \u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;C \u770b\u5f97\u5230&#xff0c;A \u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u62f7\u8d1d\u81ea\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4fee\u6539\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u5355\u5411\u4f20\u9012&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u9006\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p>test.c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86!\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ printf(&#034;\u6211\u7684pid: %d\\\\n&#034;, getpid());<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u7684\u3001\u6307\u5411 main \u51fd\u6570 env \u8868\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u66ff\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>myexec.c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func01<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;MYNAME&#061;ljm&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8ffd\u52a0\u5bfc\u5165 env<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">putenv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>env<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u7684\u3001\u6307\u5411 env \u8868\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8981\u5e26 NULL<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>_argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execl(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execlp(&#034;ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execv(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, _argv);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;.\/test&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;.\/test&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> _argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85 pid \u4e3a id \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> wid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9a8c\u8bc1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6210\u529f,\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114046-6ae5d3beb9480.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u9009\u7528\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l&#xff08;list&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff08;\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>v&#xff08;vector&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u5f62\u5f0f&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>p&#xff08;path&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u5728 $PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>e&#xff08;env&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.2 \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h4>\n<p>exec* \u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114047-6ae5d3bf96e15.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6210\u529f\u65f6&#xff1a;\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u539f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u6536\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u8d25\u65f6&#xff1a;\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de -1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf errno \u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a exec* \u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u7edd\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 exec* \u6210\u529f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u53ea\u8981 exec* \u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e86&#xff0c;\u90a3\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7ecf\u5178\u89c4\u8303\u5199\u6cd5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">execvp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8d70\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e exec \u5fc5\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff01;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;exec failed&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u8c01<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709 execve \u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b83\u4e94\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8c03\u7528 execve&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 execve \u5728 man \u624b\u518c\u7b2c 2 \u8282&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b83\u51fd\u6570\u5728 man \u624b\u518c\u7b2c 3 \u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114047-6ae5d3bfbbe17.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf8\u5982 execl\u3001execlp\u3001execle\u3001execv\u3001execvp\u3001execvpe \u7b49&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u5728 execve \u4e4b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u54ea\u91cc&#xff1f;\u6211\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u5e26 e \u7684 exec \u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26 e \u7684 exec \u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u5176\u5b9e\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c&#xff08;environ&#xff09;\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 execve \u652f\u6301\u5b83\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e26 e \u7684 exec \u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5f0f\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u201c\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570 environ \u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.4 \u652f\u6301\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u66ff\u6362<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u7531 C\/C&#043;&#043; \u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210 Shell\u3001Python \u7b49\u4efb\u610f\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u662f\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5176\u9996\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u51c6\u5907<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u540c\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u811a\u672c\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<li>Shell \u811a\u672c&#xff08;mytest.sh&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token shebang important\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token builtin class-name\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u811a\u672c&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<li>Python \u811a\u672c&#xff08;mytst.py&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">#!\/usr\/bin\/env python3<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apython\u811a\u672c&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n<li>Shebang \u7684\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;#!\/bin\/bash \u548c #!\/usr\/bin\/env python3 \u544a\u77e5\u5185\u6838\u8be5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u53bb\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u8d4b\u4e88\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6210\u540e&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7 chmod &#043;x myscript.sh myscript.py \u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u52a0\u4e0a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5 Permission denied \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>3. \u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00<\/h4>\n<p>Python \u7b49\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u52a8\u6001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\u540c\u7406&#xff0c;Shell \u811a\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 Shell \u7ec8\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func01<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;MYNAME&#061;ljm&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8ffd\u52a0\u5bfc\u5165 env<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">putenv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>env<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u7684\u3001\u6307\u5411 env \u8868\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8981\u5e26 NULL<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>_argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execl(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execlp(&#034;ls&#034;, &#034;ls&#034;, &#034;-l&#034;, &#034;-a&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execv(&#034;\/bin\/ls&#034;, _argv);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execle(&#034;.\/test&#034;, NULL, environ);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execve(&#034;.\/test&#034;, _argv, environ);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ execl(&#034;.\/mytest.sh&#034;, NULL);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;.\/mytst.py&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85 pid \u4e3a id \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> wid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int i &#061; 0;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ extern char** environ;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9a8c\u8bc1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ for(i; environ[i]; i&#043;&#043;)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/     printf(&#034;%s\\\\n&#034;, environ[i]);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u6210\u529f,\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>wid <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261031114047-6ae5d3bfeaab2.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/#content_views .toc,\/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/#content_views.markdown_views &gt; p:empty:has(+ .toc),#content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty,\/* 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