# C++ \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u624b\u6bb5\u5168\u666f<\/p>\n
\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u62fc\u56fe\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b：**\u5171\u4eab\u53ef\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4**\u548c**\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\/\u901a\u77e5**\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9，C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93（\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177，\u5404\u6709\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e00\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u65cf：\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e34\u754c\u533a（\u6700\u5e38\u7528）<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u628a"\u53ef\u80fd\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5"\u5305\u8d77\u6765，**\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165**\u3002<\/p>\n
| \u7c7b\u578b | \u7528\u9014 |
\n| :— | :— |
\n| `std::mutex` | \u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u5165 |
\n| `std::recursive_mutex` | \u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u9501（\u614e\u7528，\u5f80\u5f80\u8bf4\u660e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u95ee\u9898） |
\n| `std::timed_mutex` | \u652f\u6301 `try_lock_for` \/ `try_lock_until` \u8d85\u65f6 |
\n| `std::shared_mutex`（C++17） | **\u8bfb\u5199\u9501**：\u591a\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u5e76\u53d1，\u5199\u8005\u72ec\u5360 |
\n| `std::shared_timed_mutex`（C++14） | \u5e26\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u9501 |<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nstd::mutex mtx;
\nint shared_data = 0;<\/p>\n
void worker() {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); \u00a0 \/\/ RAII，\u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 ++shared_data;
\n}
\n```<\/p>\n
**\u5173\u952e\u70b9**：\u7528 `lock_guard` \/ `unique_lock` \/ `scoped_lock` \u8fd9\u7c7b RAII \u5305\u88c5，**\u4e0d\u8981\u624b\u5199 `lock()\/unlock()`**，\u5426\u5219\u5f02\u5e38\u8def\u5f84\u6781\u6613\u6f0f\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n
**\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u9002\u5408"\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11"\u573a\u666f**（\u5982\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u3001\u7f13\u5b58），`std::shared_lock` \u8bfb\u3001`std::unique_lock` \u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e8c\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf：\u7b49\u5f85 \/ \u901a\u77e5<\/p>\n
\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u53ea\u89e3\u51b3"\u4e92\u65a5"，\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3"**\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8be5\u5e72\u6d3b**"\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u8ba9\u7ebf\u7a0b**\u7761\u7720\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb**，\u907f\u514d\u5fd9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nstd::mutex mtx;
\nstd::condition_variable cv;
\nstd::queue<int> q;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6d88\u8d39\u8005
\nvoid consumer() {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 cv.wait(lock, [] { return !q.empty(); }); \u00a0\/\/ \u8c13\u8bcd\u7248\u672c，\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u865a\u5047\u5524\u9192
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 int v = q.front(); q.pop();
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u751f\u4ea7\u8005
\nvoid producer(int v) {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 q.push(v);
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 }
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 cv.notify_one();
\n}
\n```<\/p>\n
**\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f**：
\n– \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528**\u5e26\u8c13\u8bcd\u7684 `wait`**，\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab**\u865a\u5047\u5524\u9192**（spurious wakeup）\u3002
\n– `notify_one\/notify_all` \u5c3d\u91cf\u5728**\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u4e4b\u540e**\u8c03\u7528，\u51cf\u5c11\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7acb\u5373\u53c8\u963b\u585e\u5728\u9501\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002
\n– \u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u914d\u5408，\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f"\u751f\u4ea7\u8005-\u6d88\u8d39\u8005"\u3001"\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217"\u7b49\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6807\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e09\u3001C++20 \u65b0\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed：\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf \/ \u95e9\u9501 \/ \u5c4f\u969c<\/p>\n
C++20 \u8865\u9f50\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a C \u65f6\u4ee3\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u4e4b\u524d\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5e73\u53f0 API \u6216\u624b\u5199\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u8bed：<\/p>\n
| \u7c7b\u578b | \u8bed\u4e49 | \u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014 |
\n| :— | :— | :— |
\n| `std::counting_semaphore<N>` | \u8ba1\u6570\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf，`acquire` \u51cf\u4e00\u3001`release` \u52a0\u4e00，\u51cf\u5230 0 \u963b\u585e | \u9650\u6d41（\u5982\u63a7\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570） |
\n| `std::binary_semaphore` | \u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf | \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u901a\u77e5\/\u4e92\u65a5 |
\n| `std::latch` | **\u4e00\u6b21\u6027**\u8ba1\u6570\u5668，\u5012\u6570\u5230 0 \u540e\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u8005\u653e\u884c | \u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85 N \u4e2a\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316 |
\n| `std::barrier` | **\u53ef\u590d\u7528**\u5c4f\u969c，\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5230\u8fbe\u540e\u4e00\u8d77\u7ee7\u7eed | \u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97（\u5982\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u9f50） |<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nstd::binary_semaphore sem{0};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b A：\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u4fe1\u53f7
\nsem.release();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b B：\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u7eea
\nsem.acquire();
\n```<\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u666f\u80fd**\u66ff\u4ee3\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf + \u4e92\u65a5\u91cf**\u7684\u7ec4\u5408，\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u77ed\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u56db\u3001future \/ promise \/ async：\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4f20\u9012<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u65cf\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5"\u540c\u6b65\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee"，\u800c\u662f\u628a**"\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c，\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c"**\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u6765，**\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u5929\u7136\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684**（\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u72b6\u6001\u4f20\u9012，\u5185\u90e8\u5df2\u540c\u6b65）\u3002<\/p>\n
```cpp
\n\/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f 1：async + future
\nauto fut = std::async(std::launch::async, [] {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 return compute();
\n});
\nint result = fut.get(); \u00a0 \/\/ \u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f 2：promise \u624b\u52a8\u585e\u503c
\nstd::promise<int> prom;
\nstd::future<int> f = prom.get_future();<\/p>\n
std::thread t([&] { prom.set_value(42); });
\nint v = f.get();
\nt.join();
\n```<\/p>\n
**\u5173\u952e\u70b9**：
\n– `std::async` \u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a `launch::async` \u65f6，\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f**\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6267\u884c**（deferred），\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f00\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u3002
\n– `std::future` \u7684 `get()` **\u53ea\u80fd\u8c03\u4e00\u6b21**（\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001）\u3002\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u53d6\u503c\u7528 `std::shared_future`\u3002
\n– \u8fd9\u662f**\u67b6\u6784\u7ea7\u7684\u89e3\u8026**：\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7ed3\u679c\u600e\u4e48\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684，\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u62ff\u5230，\u6bd4\u624b\u52a8\u9501\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e94\u3001`thread_local`：\u4ece\u6839\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4efd**\u72ec\u7acb**\u7684\u6570\u636e（\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3001\u7f13\u5b58），\u7528 `thread_local` \u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u526f\u672c，**\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u4eab，\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u6b65**\u3002<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nthread_local int tls_counter = 0; \u00a0 \/\/ \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4efd<\/p>\n
void worker() {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 ++tls_counter; \u00a0 \/\/ \u65e0\u7ade\u4e89，\u65e0\u9700\u52a0\u9501
\n}
\n```<\/p>\n
**\u9002\u7528**：\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e13\u5c5e\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u3001`errno` \u5f0f\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5f15\u64ce\u3002 \u00a0
\n**\u6ce8\u610f**：`thread_local` \u5bf9\u8c61\u5728**\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6790\u6784**，\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u6790\u6784\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f"**\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab**"\u601d\u8def\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u2014\u2014**\u6700\u597d\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65**\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u516d\u3001`std::call_once` \/ `once_flag`：\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n
\u5355\u4f8b\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49\u573a\u666f，\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1**\u67d0\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21**（\u54ea\u6015\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1）：<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nstd::once_flag flag;
\nSingleton* instance = nullptr;<\/p>\n
Singleton* get_instance() {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 std::call_once(flag, [] {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 instance = new Singleton();
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 });
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 return instance;
\n}
\n```<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4"\u53cc\u91cd\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u5b9a + \u539f\u5b50"，`call_once` **\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u6b63\u786e**（\u5185\u90e8\u5df2\u5904\u7406\u597d\u5185\u5b58\u5e8f），\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002C++11 \u8d77\u51fd\u6570\u5185 `static` \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316**\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168**\u7684，\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u4f8b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199：<\/p>\n
```cpp
\nSingleton& get_instance() {
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 static Singleton inst; \u00a0 \/\/ C++11 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21\u4e14\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 return inst;
\n}
\n```<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e03\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d：`std::lock` \/ `scoped_lock` \/ \u9501\u5c42\u7ea7<\/p>\n
\u591a\u628a\u9501\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6700\u6015**\u6b7b\u9501**（A \u6301\u6709\u95011\u7b49\u95012，B \u6301\u6709\u95012\u7b49\u95011）\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4e2a\u624b\u6bb5：<\/p>\n
1. **`std::scoped_lock`（C++17）\/ `std::lock`**：\u4e00\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u5730\u9501\u591a\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf，\u5185\u90e8\u7528**\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5**（\u5982\u6309\u5730\u5740\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u52a0\u9501）\u3002
\n\u00a0 \u00a0```cpp
\n\u00a0 \u00a0std::scoped_lock lock(mtx1, mtx2); \u00a0 \/\/ \u5b89\u5168\u5730\u540c\u65f6\u9501\u4e24\u628a
\n\u00a0 \u00a0```
\n2. **\u56fa\u5b9a\u52a0\u9501\u987a\u5e8f**：\u7ed9\u9501\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c42\u7ea7，\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b**\u6309\u540c\u4e00\u987a\u5e8f**\u52a0\u9501，\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u73af\u5f62\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916，`std::unique_lock` \u652f\u6301 `std::defer_lock`（\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u52a0\u9501）\u3001`try_lock` \u7b49，\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u516b\u3001\u65e0\u5171\u4eab \/ \u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012（\u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u9762）<\/p>\n
\u524d\u9762\u90fd\u662f"\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 + \u540c\u6b65"\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u662f**\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5171\u4eab**：<\/p>\n
– **\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u6570\u636e + \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217**：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7 `std::queue`（\u914d\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf+\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf，\u6216 C++20 \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf）\u4f20\u6d88\u606f，\u800c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Actor \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002
\n– **\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e（immutable）**：\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4fee\u6539，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u968f\u4fbf\u8bfb，\u5929\u7136\u5b89\u5168\u3002
\n– **\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c \/ \u7eaf\u51fd\u6570**：\u65e0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5e76\u884c（\u5982 `std::for_each(std::execution::par, …)`）\u3002
\n– **`std::execution` \u5e76\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5（C++17）**：\u628a\u5faa\u73af\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5e93\u53bb\u5e76\u884c，\u4f60\u53ea\u5199"\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48"，\u4e0d\u78b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u5171\u4eab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684**\u540c\u6b65\u6210\u672c\u6700\u4f4e\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u6700\u597d**，\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u4e5d\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u8865\u5145<\/p>\n
– **`std::atomic_flag`**：\u6700\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e03\u5c14，\u662f\u552f\u4e00**\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65e0\u9501**\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b（`std::atomic` \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1），\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u65cb\u9501\u3002
\n– **`std::atomic<T*>`**：\u65e0\u9501\u6808\u3001\u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u77f3（\u867d\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u8303\u7574，\u4f46\u5e38\u548c\u9501\u65b9\u6848\u505a\u5bf9\u6bd4）\u3002
\n– **\u5e73\u53f0 API**：`pthread_mutex`\u3001Windows `CriticalSection`\u3001`SRWLock` \u7b49，\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5e95\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec，\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u3002
\n– **\u534f\u7a0b（C++20 `co_await`）**：\u4e0d\u662f"\u540c\u6b65"\u5de5\u5177，\u4f46\u80fd\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u7528**\u6302\u8d77\/\u6062\u590d**\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362，\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u9501\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56，\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
## \u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n
| \u65b9\u6cd5 | \u89e3\u51b3\u4ec0\u4e48 | \u4f18\u70b9 | \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879 |
\n| :— | :— | :— | :— |
\n| **\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u65cf** | \u4e34\u754c\u533a\u4e92\u65a5 | \u901a\u7528\u3001\u76f4\u89c2 | \u6ce8\u610f\u6b7b\u9501\u3001\u7528 RAII |
\n| **\u8bfb\u5199\u9501** | \u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11 | \u8bfb\u5e76\u53d1 | \u5199\u9965\u997f\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 |
\n| **\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf** | \u7b49\u5f85\/\u901a\u77e5 | \u907f\u514d\u5fd9\u7b49 | \u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u8c13\u8bcd\u3001\u9632\u865a\u5047\u5524\u9192 |
\n| **\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\/\u95e9\u9501\/\u5c4f\u969c(C++20)** | \u9650\u6d41\/\u6c47\u5408\/\u5bf9\u9f50 | \u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u9501+CV | \u4f9d\u8d56 C++20 |
\n| **future\/promise\/async** | \u7ed3\u679c\u4f20\u9012 | \u89e3\u8026\u3001\u4e0d\u6613\u51fa\u9519 | async \u7684 deferred \u9677\u9631\u3001get \u53ea\u4e00\u6b21 |
\n| **thread_local** | \u6d88\u9664\u5171\u4eab | \u96f6\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500 | \u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528 |
\n| **call_once \/ static** | \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521d\u59cb\u5316 | \u7b80\u5355\u6b63\u786e | \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u522b\u629b\u5f02\u5e38 |
\n| **scoped_lock \/ \u9501\u5c42\u7ea7** | \u9632\u6b7b\u9501 | \u4e00\u6b21\u591a\u9501\u5b89\u5168 | \u4ec5\u9650\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf |
\n| **\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012 \/ \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8** | \u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u53bb\u5171\u4eab | \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u6700\u597d | \u9700\u8981\u6539\u8bbe\u8ba1 |<\/p>\n
**\u9009\u62e9\u601d\u8def**：
\n1. \u80fd**\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab**\u5c31\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab（`thread_local`\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e）；
\n2. \u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u5c31**\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u9ad8\u5c42\u62bd\u8c61**（`future`\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf），\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u624b\u5199\u9501\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519；
\n3. \u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u65f6\u7528 **`mutex` + RAII**，\u8bfb\u5199\u4e0d\u5747\u65f6\u8003\u8651 `shared_mutex`；
\n4. \u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6\u7528 **`condition_variable`**（C++20 \u53ef\u7528 `atomic::wait` \u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf）；
\n5. \u591a\u9501\u573a\u666f\u52a1\u5fc5\u7528 **`scoped_lock`** \u6216\u56fa\u5b9a\u52a0\u9501\u987a\u5e8f\u9632\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f"**\u6700\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u6b65**"，\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f"**\u4e0d\u540c\u7c92\u5ea6\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u540c\u6b65**"\u2014\u2014\u8d8a\u5f80\u4e0a\u8d8a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u8d8a\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4，\u8d8a\u5f80\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u6f5c\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u4f46\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u5199\u9519\u3002**\u80fd\u7528\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u5e95\u5c42**，\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
# C \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u624b\u6bb5\u5168\u666f\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u62fc\u56fe\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b：**\u5171\u4eab\u53ef\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4**\u548c**\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\/\u901a\u77e5**\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9，C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93（\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177，\u5404\u6709\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002—## \u4e00\u3001\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u65cf：\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e34\u754c\u533a（\u6700\u5e38\u7528）\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u628a\\”\u53ef\u80fd\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\\”\u5305\u8d77\u6765ÿ<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-119724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"\n