\n| st_mtim.tv_sec<\/td>\n | mtime，\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6233，Unix \u79d2\u6570<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u5ef6\u4f38\u7406\u89e3：st_mode \u91cc\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u3002\u4f4e 9 \u4f4d\u662f\u6743\u9650，\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 st.st_mode & 0777 \u53d6\u51fa rwxrwxrwx \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u9650\u503c\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad\u5219\u63a8\u8350\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f：<\/p>\n if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
\n \/* \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 *\/
\n} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
\n \/* \u76ee\u5f55 *\/
\n} else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
\n \/* \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 *\/
\n}<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u624b\u52a8\u6bd4\u8f83 st_mode & S_IFMT \u66f4\u6e05\u6670，\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n 4.3 stat \u4e0e lstat \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\nstat \u4f1a\u8ddf\u8fdb\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5，\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f；lstat \u4e0d\u8ddf\u8fdb，\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u300c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u300d\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 lstat，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab stat \u5e26\u504f，\u628a\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u8bef\u5224\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n 4.4 stat \u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <sys\/stat.h><\/p>\n int main(int argc, char *argv[])
\n{
\n const char *path = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : ".";
\n struct stat st;<\/p>\n if (stat(path, &st) != 0) {
\n perror("stat");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n printf("inode: %lu\\\\n", (unsigned long)st.st_ino);
\n printf("\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570: %lu\\\\n", (unsigned long)st.st_nlink);
\n printf("\u5927\u5c0f: %lu \u5b57\u8282\\\\n", (unsigned long)st.st_size);<\/p>\n if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
\n printf("\u7c7b\u578b: \u76ee\u5f55\\\\n");
\n } else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
\n printf("\u7c7b\u578b: \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\\\\n");
\n } else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
\n printf("\u7c7b\u578b: \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\\\\n");
\n }<\/p>\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u4e94\u3001Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/h3>\nLinux \u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528 Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8868\u793a：\u4ece 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC \u8d77，\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u603b\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u5728 <time.h> \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n 5.1 time：\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/h4>\ntime_t time(time_t *t);<\/p>\n \n- \u529f\u80fd：\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u6233，\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u53c2\u6570：\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20 NULL；\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740，\u79d2\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5165 *t\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u8fd4\u56de：\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.2 localtime：\u79d2\u6570\u8f6c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h4>\nstruct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);<\/p>\n \u529f\u80fd：\u628a\u79d2\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u65f6\u5206\u79d2\u7684 struct tm\u3002<\/p>\n struct tm \u5e38\u7528\u6210\u5458\u6709 tm_year\u3001tm_mon\u3001tm_mday\u3001tm_hour\u3001tm_min\u3001tm_sec\u3002<\/p>\n \u6ce8\u610f：tm_year \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5e74\u4efd\u51cf\u53bb 1900\u300d\u540e\u7684\u503c，tm_mon \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0 \u5230 11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6253\u5370\u5e74\u4efd\u8981\u5199 tm_year + 1900，\u6253\u5370\u6708\u4efd\u8981\u5199 tm_mon + 1，\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5199\u9519\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n 5.3 ctime：\u79d2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h4>\nchar *ctime(const time_t *timep);<\/p>\n \u529f\u80fd：\u628a\u79d2\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u6548\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c date \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n Wed Oct 22 20:30:00 2026<\/p>\n \u5ef6\u4f38\u7406\u89e3：<\/p>\n \n- localtime \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u9759\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u548c readdir \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8986\u76d6；\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u66f4\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c localtime_r\u3002<\/li>\n
- localtime \u5f97\u5230\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4，gmtime \u5f97\u5230 UTC \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ecf\u5e38\u7edf\u4e00\u5b58 UTC，\u6253\u5370\u65f6\u518d\u8f6c\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
- ctime \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e asctime(localtime(…))，\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
5.4 \u65f6\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <time.h><\/p>\n int main(void)
\n{
\n time_t now = time(NULL);
\n printf("\u65f6\u95f4\u6233: %ld\\\\n", (long)now);<\/p>\n char *s = ctime(&now);
\n printf("ctime: %s", s);<\/p>\n struct tm *t = localtime(&now);
\n printf("%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\\\\n",
\n t->tm_year + 1900,
\n t->tm_mon + 1,
\n t->tm_mday,
\n t->tm_hour,
\n t->tm_min,
\n t->tm_sec);<\/p>\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u516d\u3001perror \u4e0e errno<\/h3>\nvoid perror(const char *s);<\/p>\n perror \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4f9d\u8d56\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf errno\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u51fa\u9519\u65f6，\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u7f16\u53f7\u5199\u5165 errno，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u5b9a\u4f4d\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u58f0\u660e\u5728 <stdio.h> \u4e2d，errno \u5b9a\u4e49\u5728 <errno.h> \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n \n- \u4f5c\u7528：\u5148\u6253\u5370\u4f60\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 s，\u518d\u81ea\u52a8\u62fc\u63a5\u4e0a errno \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807：\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef stderr，\u548c fprintf(stderr, …) \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5bf9\u6bd4：strerror(errno) \u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f46\u4e0d\u6253\u5370，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b；perror \u5219\u9002\u5408\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n if (-1 == ret) {
\n perror("chdir");
\n \/* \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa：chdir: No such file or directory *\/
\n}<\/p>\n \u5ef6\u4f38\u7406\u89e3：errno \u53ea\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49，\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u6b8b\u7559\u65e7\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4e25\u8c28\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5426\u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25，\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6 errno，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u624b\u52a8\u628a errno \u6e05\u96f6，\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u8bfb\u65e7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e03\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u4e32\u8054\u4e0e\u6613\u9519\u8003\u70b9\u6c47\u603b<\/h3>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u80cc\u8bf5\u7684\u7b80\u7b54\u7248\u91cd\u70b9：<\/p>\n - \u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b58\u653e\u76ee\u5f55\u6761\u76ee\u4fe1\u606f；\u904d\u5386\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a opendir \u2192 \u5faa\u73af readdir \u2192 closedir\u3002<\/li>\n
- readdir \u8fd4\u56de\u7684 dirent * \u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u52a8 free，\u5b83\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e DIR \u76ee\u5f55\u6d41，closedir \u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n
- d_name \u53ea\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84，\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
- chdir \u53ea\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55，\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd；\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n
- rmdir \u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55，\u4e0d\u80fd\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n
- stat \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027；st_size \u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5b57\u8282\u5927\u5c0f；st_mode \u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
- Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5 1970-01-01 \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d2\u6570；ctime \u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，localtime \u8f6c tm \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u6ce8\u610f\u5e74\u4efd\u548c\u6708\u4efd\u8981\u52a0\u504f\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n
- perror \u8bfb\u53d6\u5168\u5c40 errno，\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
\u516b\u3001\u6781\u7b80 ls \u904d\u5386\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u904d\u5386\u6a21\u677f，\u53ea\u6253\u5370 "." \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u540d：<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <dirent.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n int main(void)
\n{
\n DIR *dir = opendir(".");
\n if (NULL == dir) {
\n perror("opendir");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n struct dirent *info;
\n while ((info = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
\n printf("%s\\\\n", info->d_name);
\n }<\/p>\n closedir(dir);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 8.1 \u5ef6\u4f38\u4e00：\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u4e24\u70b9：\u8fc7\u6ee4 "." \u548c ".."，\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u9012\u5f52\u8fdb\u5165\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a d_name \u53ea\u6709\u540d\u5b57，\u8fdb\u5165\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u62fc\u4e0a\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n #include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <dirent.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n void list_dir(const char *path, int depth)
\n{
\n DIR *dir = opendir(path);
\n if (NULL == dir) {
\n perror("opendir");
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n struct dirent *info;
\n while ((info = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
\n if (strcmp(info->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
\n strcmp(info->d_name, "..") == 0) {
\n continue;
\n }<\/p>\n for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
\n printf(" ");
\n }<\/p>\n char full_path[1024];
\n snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), "%s\/%s",
\n path, info->d_name);<\/p>\n if (info->d_type == DT_DIR) {
\n printf("[DIR] %s\\\\n", info->d_name);
\n list_dir(full_path, depth + 1);
\n } else {
\n printf("[FILE] %s\\\\n", info->d_name);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n closedir(dir);
\n}<\/p>\n int main(int argc, char *argv[])
\n{
\n const char *path = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : ".";
\n list_dir(path, 0);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 8.2 \u5ef6\u4f38\u4e8c：d_type \u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\u7684 stat \u515c\u5e95<\/h4>\n\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 d_type，\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de DT_UNKNOWN\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u62fc\u63a5\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u8c03\u7528 lstat，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7 S_ISREG \/ S_ISDIR \/ S_ISLNK \u5b8f\u5224\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u523b\u610f\u4f7f\u7528 lstat，\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u8eab，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n #include <string.h>
\n#include <dirent.h>
\n#include <sys\/stat.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n int safe_type(const char *dir_path, struct dirent *info)
\n{
\n if (info->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) {
\n return info->d_type;
\n }<\/p>\n char full_path[1024];
\n snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), "%s\/%s",
\n dir_path, info->d_name);<\/p>\n struct stat st;
\n if (lstat(full_path, &st) == 0) {
\n if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return DT_DIR;
\n if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) return DT_LNK;
\n if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return DT_REG;
\n }<\/p>\n return DT_UNKNOWN;
\n}<\/p>\n \u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u4f4f\u4e24\u6761\u4e3b\u7ebf：<\/p>\n \n- \u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf：\u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6，\u7528 opendir\u3001readdir\u3001closedir \u5b8c\u6210\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6，\u540c\u65f6\u8b66\u60d5 d_name \u4e0d\u542b\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3001d_type \u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5751\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5c5e\u6027\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf：\u7528 stat \/ lstat \u83b7\u53d6 inode\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5143\u4fe1\u606f，\u914d\u5408 chdir \/ getcwd \/ mkdir \/ rmdir \u7ba1\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab，\u518d\u7528 time \/ localtime \/ ctime \u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4eba\u80fd\u770b\u61c2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u4e32\u8d77\u6765，\u518d\u8bb0\u4f4f errno \/ perror \u8d1f\u8d23\u9519\u8bef\u5b9a\u4f4d，\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u8986\u76d6 Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u9762\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u9047\u5230 nftw \u8fd9\u7c7b\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u5de5\u5177，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9 opendir \/ readdir \/ closedir \u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u6458\u8981：\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406 Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3 API，\u56f4\u7ed5\u300c\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u524d\u63d0，\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb2\u89e3 opendir\u3001readdir\u3001closedir \u4e09\u5927\u76ee\u5f55\u51fd\u6570，\u518d\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230 chdir\u3001getcwd\u3001mkdir\u3001rmdir\u3001stat \u7b49\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570，\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408 Unix \u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e0e errno \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u505a\u4e32\u8054\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8865\u5145\u4e86 dirent \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u9677\u9631\u3001d_type \u515c\u5e95\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u8def\u5f84\u62fc\u63a5\u3001umask \u5bf9 mkdir \u7684<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,305,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-118138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-305","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\n Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5168\u5957\u7b14\u8bb0\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u4ece opendir \u5230 stat \u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 - 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