{"id":118052,"date":"2026-10-26T05:17:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T21:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/118052.html"},"modified":"2026-10-26T05:17:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T21:17:30","slug":"%e7%ac%ac13%e8%ae%b2%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/118052.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c13\u8bb2\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5b9a\u4e49\n<ul>\n<li>1.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>1.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u5b9a\u4e49\n<ul>\n<li>1.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>1.2.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1.3 \u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n<li>3. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u9690\u85cf\u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n<li>3.2 \u8003\u5bdf\u7ee7\u627f\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u62e9\u9898\n<ul>\n<li>3.2.1 A \u548c B \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a func \u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>3.2.2 \u4e0b\u9762\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>4. \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n<ul>\n<li>4.1 4 \u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>4.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7c7b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53cb\u5143<\/li>\n<li>6. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/li>\n<li>7. \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u53ca\u5176\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\n<ul>\n<li>7.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>7.2 \u865a\u7ee7\u627f<\/li>\n<li>7.3 \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u6307\u9488\u504f\u79fb\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<li>7.4 IO \u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u83f1\u5f62\u865a\u62df\u7ee7\u627f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>8. \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\n<ul>\n<li>8.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7ec4\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1. \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<h4>1.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ee7\u627f&#xff08;inheritance&#xff09;\u673a\u5236\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u7c7b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570&#xff09;\u548c\u5c5e\u6027&#xff08;\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7531\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u7528&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u7c7b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b Student \u548c Teacher&#xff0c;Student \u548c Teacher \u90fd\u6709\u59d3\u540d\/\u5730\u5740\/\u7535\u8bdd\/\u5e74\u9f84\u7b49\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u90fd\u6709 identity \u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u8001\u5e08\u72ec\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u804c\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u72ec\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5b66\u53f7&#xff1b;\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u72ec\u6709\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5b66\u4e60&#xff0c;\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u72ec\u6709\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6388\u8bfe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fdb\u5165\u6821\u56ed\/\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\/\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5237\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">identity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u4e60<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">study<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;peter&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n    string _address<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5730\u5740<\/span><br \/>\n    string _tel<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7535\u8bdd<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _age <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5e74\u9f84<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _stuid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fdb\u5165\u6821\u56ed\/\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\/\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5237\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">identity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6388\u8bfe<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">teaching<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5f20\u4e09&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _age <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5e74\u9f84<\/span><br \/>\n    string _address<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5730\u5740<\/span><br \/>\n    string _tel<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7535\u8bdd<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    string _title<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u804c\u79f0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u5171\u7684\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u653e\u5230 Person \u7c7b\u4e2d&#xff0c;Student \u548c Teacher \u90fd\u7ee7\u627f Person&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86&#xff0c;\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fdb\u5165\u6821\u56ed\/\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\/\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5237\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">identity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;void identity()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> _name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5f20\u4e09&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n    string _address<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5730\u5740<\/span><br \/>\n    string _tel<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7535\u8bdd<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _age <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>         <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5e74\u9f84<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u4e60<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">study<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _stuid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6388\u8bfe<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">teaching<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string title<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u804c\u79f0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Student s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Teacher t<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">identity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">identity<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<h5>1.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230 Person \u662f\u57fa\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u7236\u7c7b\u3002Student \u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u539f\u56e0&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u65e2\u53eb\u57fa\u7c7b\/\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53eb\u7236\u7c7b\/\u5b50\u7c7b&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211725-6ade71e54a455.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211725-6ade71e5ad646.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211726-6ade71e612ee8.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>1.2.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/h5>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211726-6ade71e66db57.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<li>\u57fa\u7c7b private \u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u65e0\u8bba\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u5230\u4e86\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u7c7b\u5916\u9762\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u7c7b private \u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u60f3\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a protected\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u662f\u56e0\u7ee7\u627f\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b\u603b\u7ed3\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f &#061;&#061; Min&#xff08;\u6210\u5458\u5728\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff09;&#xff0c;public &gt; protected &gt; private\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57 class \u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f private&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528 struct \u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f public&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6700\u597d\u663e\u793a\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f public \u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528 protected\/private \u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u63d0\u5021\u4f7f\u7528 protected\/private \u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a protected\/private \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u4e0d\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e09\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> _name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">private<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _age<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5e74\u9f84<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ class Student : protected Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ class Student : private Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _stunum<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1.3 \u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ template&lt;class T&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ class vector<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ {};<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ stack \u548c vector \u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u65e2\u7b26\u5408 is-a&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408 has-a<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">stack<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u57fa\u7c7b\u662f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e0b\u7c7b\u57df&#xff0c;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C3861: \u201cpush_back\u201d&#xff1a;\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u56e0\u4e3a stack&lt;int&gt; \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316 vector&lt;int&gt; \u4e86<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f46\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u662f\u6309\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316&#xff0c;push_back \u7b49\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u672a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u627e\u4e0d\u5230<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ push_back(x);<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">pop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">pop_back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> T<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">top<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">back<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">bool<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">empty<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>T<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">empty<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>stack<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> st<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">!<\/span>st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">empty<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">top<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034; &#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        st<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">pop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>public \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\/\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53eb\u5207\u7247\u6216\u8005\u5207\u5272\u3002\u5bd3\u610f\u628a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u57fa\u7c7b\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u5207\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5207\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u624d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u57fa\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u591a\u6001\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 RTTI&#xff08;Run-Time Type Information&#xff09;\u7684 dynamic_cast \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u8f6c\u6362\u3002&#xff08;ps&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7ae0\u8282\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff09; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211726-6ade71e6add83.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n    string _sex<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6027\u522b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _age<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5e74\u9f84<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _No<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Student sobj<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u9488\/\u5f15\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n    Person<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>sobj<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> sobj<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n    Person pobj <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> sobj<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519<\/span><br \/>\n    sobj <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> pobj<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u9690\u85cf\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n<li>\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u5c4f\u853d\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53eb\u9690\u85cf\u3002&#xff08;\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u57fa\u7c7b::\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458 \u663e\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9690\u85cf&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u9762\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n<p>Student \u7684 _num \u548c Person \u7684 _num \u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee3\u7801\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5c0f\u674e\u5b50&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">111<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u59d3\u540d:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> _name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> Person<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_num <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b66\u53f7:&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> _num <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">999<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Student s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u8003\u5bdf\u7ee7\u627f\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u62e9\u9898<\/h4>\n<h5>3.2.1 A \u548c B \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a func \u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb&#xff08;&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>A. \u91cd\u8f7d B. \u9690\u85cf C. \u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<h5>3.2.2 \u4e0b\u9762\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff08;&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>A. \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519 B. \u8fd0\u884c\u62a5\u9519 C. \u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">A<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fun<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;func()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">B<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">A<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fun<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;func(int i)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    B b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fun<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    b<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">fun<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>4. \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 4 \u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p>6 \u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5199&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5462&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u9636\u6bb5\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684 operator&#061; \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684 operator&#061; \u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u590d\u5236\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684 operator&#061; \u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684 operator&#061;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684 operator&#061;&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u7c7b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5728\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6e05\u7406\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5148\u6e05\u7406\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u518d\u6e05\u7406\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u518d\u8c03\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u6e05\u7406\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u518d\u8c03\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6790\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6001\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u5199&#xff0c;\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u76f8\u540c&#xff08;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u6001\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff09;\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u5904\u7406\u6210 destructor()&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u52a0 virtual \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211727-6ade71e713a98.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211727-6ade71e752467.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;peter&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person(const Person&amp; p)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Person operator&#061;(const Person&amp; p)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">this<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n            _name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">this<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token operator\">~<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;~Person()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> num<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_num<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>num<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Student()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Student<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_num<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_num<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Student(const Student&amp; s)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    Student<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Student<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Student&amp; operator&#061;(const Student&amp; s)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">this<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n            Person<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">operator<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            _num <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_num<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">this<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token operator\">~<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;~Student()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Student <span class=\"token function\">s1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;jack&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">18<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Student <span class=\"token function\">s2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Student <span class=\"token function\">s3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;rose&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">17<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    s1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5 1&#xff1a;\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u79c1\u6709&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4ee5\u540e&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u4e86&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5 2&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;11 \u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a final \u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;final \u4fee\u9970\u57fa\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ C&#043;&#043;11 \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">final<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">func5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Base::func5&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">private<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ C&#043;&#043;98 \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Base()<br \/>\n    {} *\/<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Derive<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">func4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Derive::func4&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Base b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Derive d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>5. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53cb\u5143<\/h3>\n<p>\u53cb\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u57fa\u7c7b\u53cb\u5143\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">friend<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Display<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Student<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _stuNum<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Display<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Person<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Student<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_stuNum <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Person p<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Student s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2248: \u201cStudent::_stuNum\u201d&#xff1a;\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee protected \u6210\u5458<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;Display \u4e5f\u53d8\u6210 Student \u7684\u53cb\u5143\u5373\u53ef<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Display<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>6. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 static \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a static \u6210\u5458\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">static<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _count<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> Person<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_count <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _stuNum<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Person p<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Student s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458 _name \u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8bf4\u660e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4efd<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458 _count \u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8bf4\u660e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_count <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_count <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u516c\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u57df\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> Person<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_count <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> Student<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_count <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>7. \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u53ca\u5176\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5355\u7ee7\u627f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u57fa\u7c7b\u65f6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u57fa\u7c7b\u65f6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f&#xff0c;\u5148\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u5728\u524d\u9762&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u5728\u540e\u9762&#xff0c;\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u518d\u653e\u5230\u6700\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f&#xff1a;\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6210\u5458\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u9020&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5728 Assistant \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d Person \u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u4efd\u3002\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6709\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u50cf Java \u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u89c4\u907f\u6389\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211727-6ade71e799145.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211728-6ade71e8020be.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211728-6ade71e84a346.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211728-6ade71e8a30e5.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _id<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u804c\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Assistant<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _majorCourse<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3b\u4fee\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2385: \u5bf9\u201c_name\u201d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u660e\u786e<\/span><br \/>\n    Assistant a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;peter&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3<\/span><br \/>\n    a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Student<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;xxx&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Teacher<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;yyy&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u865a\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8bf4 C&#043;&#043; \u8bed\u6cd5\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e86\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u5c31\u6709\u83f1\u5f62\u865a\u62df\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u5f88\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u635f\u5931&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u4e4b\u4e00&#xff0c;\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u5982 Java\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* int _tel;<br \/>\n    int _age;<br \/>\n    string _gender;<br \/>\n    string _address; *\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7ee7\u627f Person \u7c7b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7ee7\u627f Person \u7c7b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _id<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u804c\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6559\u6388\u52a9\u7406<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Assistant<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _majorCourse<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3b\u4fee\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n    Assistant a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    a<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>_name <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;peter&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u591a\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u83f1\u5f62\u865a\u62df\u7ee7\u627f\u4ee5\u540e&#xff0c;\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u8bed\u6cd5\u652f\u6301&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u50cf Java \u662f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684&#xff0c;\u5c31\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_name<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    string _name<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u59d3\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> num<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_num<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>num<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _num<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Person<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Teacher<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">_id<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _id<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u804c\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u73a9\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Assistant<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Teacher<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Assistant<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> name3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Person<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Student<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Teacher<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _majorCourse<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3b\u4fee\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u91cc a \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d _name \u662f &#034;\u5f20\u4e09&#034;\u3001&#034;\u674e\u56db&#034;\u3001&#034;\u738b\u4e94&#034;\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff1f;<\/span><br \/>\n    Assistant <span class=\"token function\">a<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5f20\u4e09&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u674e\u56db&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u738b\u4e94&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.3 \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u6307\u9488\u504f\u79fb\u95ee\u9898&#xff1f;\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u662f&#xff08;&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>A&#xff1a;p1 &#061;&#061; p2 &#061;&#061; p3 B&#xff1a;p1 &lt; p2 &lt; p3 C&#xff1a;p1 &#061;&#061; p3 !&#061; p2 D&#xff1a;p1 !&#061; p2 !&#061; p3<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base1<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _b1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base2<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _b2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Derive<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Base2<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> _d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    Derive d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Base1<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Base2<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    Derive<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.4 IO \u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u83f1\u5f62\u865a\u62df\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261025211729-6ade71e94ed04.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">CharT<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Traits<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>char_traits<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>CharT<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">basic_ostream<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">basic_ios<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">CharT<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Traits<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">CharT<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Traits<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>char_traits<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span>CharT<span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">basic_istream<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">virtual<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">basic_ios<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">CharT<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Traits<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>8. \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7ec4\u5408<\/h3>\n<h4>8.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7ec4\u5408<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>public \u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd is-a \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u79cd has-a \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe B \u7ec4\u5408\u4e86 A&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a B \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a A \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u590d\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u767d\u7bb1\u590d\u7528&#xff08;white-box reuse&#xff09;\u3002\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u767d\u7bb1\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u53ef\u89c6\u6027\u800c\u8a00&#xff1a;\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u5bf9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5&#xff0c;\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6539\u53d8&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u88c5\u6216\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u7528\u98ce\u683c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u7bb1\u590d\u7528&#xff08;black-box reuse&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u4ee5\u201c\u9ed1\u7bb1\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u4fdd\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5c3d\u91cf\u591a\u53bb\u7528\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u597d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u90a3\u4e48\u7edd\u5bf9&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u9002\u5408\u7ee7\u627f&#xff08;is-a&#xff09;\u90a3\u5c31\u7528\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e2\u9002\u5408\u7528\u7ee7\u627f&#xff08;is-a&#xff09;\u4e5f\u9002\u5408\u7ec4\u5408&#xff08;has-a&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Tire&#xff08;\u8f6e\u80ce&#xff09;\u548c Car&#xff08;\u8f66&#xff09;\u66f4\u7b26\u5408 has-a \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tire<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _brand <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Michelin&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u54c1\u724c<\/span><br \/>\n    size_t _size <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">17<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5c3a\u5bf8<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Car<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">protected<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    string _colour <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u767d\u8272&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u989c\u8272<\/span><br \/>\n    string _num <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u9655ABIT00&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f66\u724c\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    Tire _t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6e\u80ce<\/span><br \/>\n    Tire _t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6e\u80ce<\/span><br \/>\n    Tire _t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6e\u80ce<\/span><br \/>\n    Tire _t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8f6e\u80ce<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">BMW<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Car<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Drive<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u597d\u5f00-\u64cd\u63a7&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Car \u548c BMW\/Benz \u66f4\u7b26\u5408 is-a \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Benz<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token base-clause\"><span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Car<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">public<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Drive<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u597d\u5750-\u8212\u9002&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">template<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">T<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">vector<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ stack \u548c vector 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punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n1. \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5b9a\u4e49 1.1 \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff51.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u5b9a\u4e49 1.2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u683c\u5f0f1.2.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316 1.3 \u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f 2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u63623. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df 3.1 \u9690\u85cf\u89c4\u52193.2 \u8003\u5bdf\u7ee7\u627f\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u62e9\u9898 3.2.1 A \u548c B \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a func \u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb3.2.2 \u4e0b\u9762\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48  4. \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 4.1 4 \u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u65704.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7c7b 5. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53cb\u51436. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u54587. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,190,4463],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-118052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-190","tag-4463"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u7b2c13\u8bb2\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/118052.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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