{"id":117942,"date":"2026-10-25T23:48:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T15:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117942.html"},"modified":"2026-10-25T23:48:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T15:48:22","slug":"python-%e7%9a%84-import-%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e6%ac%a1%e5%87%a0%e4%b9%8e%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%81%e9%92%b1%ef%bc%9fsys-modules-%e7%bc%93%e5%ad%98%e4%b8%8e%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e5%8d%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117942.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1\uff1fsys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1&#xff1f;sys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;import \u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u514d\u8d39\u300d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5b57\u5178\u2014\u2014sys.modules\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u65e6\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u518d\u6b21 import \u53ea\u662f 230 \u7eb3\u79d2\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u8be2&#xff1b;\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 import \u8981\u8d70\u8fc7\u300c\u67e5\u627e\u2192\u7f16\u8bd1\u2192\u6267\u884c\u300d\u5168\u94fe\u8def&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a 1500 \u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u51b7\u542f\u52a8 46.8 \u6beb\u79d2&#xff0c;\u6709 pyc \u7f13\u5b58\u540e\u964d\u5230 3.9 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7528 8 \u7ec4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bb2\u6e05\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u3001pyc \u5230\u5e95\u7701\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5faa\u73af import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u8dd1\u6709\u65f6\u5d29\u3002\u2014## 1. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21 import \u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u8be2python import sys, timet0 &#061; time.perf_counter()for _ in range(100000):    import jsonprint((time.perf_counter() &#8211; t0) \/ 100000)   # 2.3e-07 \u79d2\u5b9e\u6d4b 10 \u4e07\u6b21 import json \u603b\u5171 23 \u6beb\u79d2\u2014\u2014\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u6b21 230 \u7eb3\u79d2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e00\u904d json\u300d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f import \u7cfb\u7edf\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u67e5 sys.modules \u5b57\u5178&#xff0c;\u547d\u4e2d\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002import \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u7ed3\u679c\u91cc\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6 IO&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u627e\u52a0\u540d\u5b57\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. sys.modules&#xff1a;\u6574\u4e2a import \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u8868sys.modules \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684 dict&#xff0c;\u952e\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u540d&#xff0c;\u503c\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 import \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u540d\u5355\u4f8b\u3002 import json as j2 \u4e4b\u540e j2 is json \u6052\u4e3a True\u2014\u2014\u5168\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a json \u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709 import \u8005\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u5757\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/h3>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c&#xff0c;import \u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u3002 import json \u5b9e\u9645\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u662f json \u5168\u5bb6&#xff1a;&#096;&#096;&#096;python&gt;&gt;&gt; import decimal, sys&gt;&gt;&gt; sorted(k for k in sys.modules if k &#061;&#061; \u2018json\u2019 or k.startswith(\u2018json.\u2019))[\u2018json\u2019, \u2018json.decoder\u2019, \u2018json.encoder\u2019, \u2018json.scanner\u2019]<\/p>\n<p>\u2018json\u2019 in sys.modules   # import decimal \u4e4b\u540eTrue                        # decimal \u628a json \u4e5f\u62d6\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86&#096;&#096;&#096;\u4e00\u6b21 import \u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u662f\u6574\u68f5\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u8fdb sys.modules\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u300cimport \u5f00\u9500\u300d\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u4f30\u7684\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a import \u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u62d6\u8fdb\u6765\u534a\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u3002## 3. \u6253\u7834\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u4e86 sys.modules \u5c31\u7a33\u5982\u6cf0\u5c71&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6709\u4e24\u628a\u5200\u80fd\u52a8\u5b83&#xff1a;<br \/>\n| \u64cd\u4f5c | \u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61 | \u65e7\u5f15\u7528 | \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f ||\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|| importlib.reload(m) | \u590d\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5730\u91cd\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 | \u81ea\u52a8\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801 | \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8c03\u8bd5 || del sys.modules[&#039;m&#039;] \u540e\u91cd\u65b0 import | \u521b\u5efa\u5168\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61 | \u4ecd\u6307\u5411\u65e7\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6210\u300c\u5b64\u513f\u300d | \u6d4b\u8bd5\u9694\u79bb |\u5b9e\u6d4b\u786e\u8ba4&#xff1a;reload \u524d\u540e id(m) \u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u628a\u6a21\u5757\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u539f\u6709\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u65e7\u5f15\u7528\u65e0\u9700\u66f4\u65b0\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;\u800c\u5220\u5b57\u5178\u6761\u76ee\u518d import&#xff0c;\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u65e7\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u6302\u5728\u8001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5206\u53c9\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cc mock \u6a21\u5757\u7528\u540e\u8005&#xff0c;\u7ebf\u4e0a\u70ed\u66f4\u65b0\u60f3\u90fd\u522b\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. pyc \u7701\u7684\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u6267\u884csys.modules \u7ba1\u7684\u662f\u300c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u300d&#xff0c;pyc \u7ba1\u7684\u662f\u300c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u300d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 import \u4e00\u4e2a 1500 \u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;\u6e90\u7801 65KB&#xff09;&#xff1a;| \u573a\u666f | \u8017\u65f6 | \u8bf4\u660e ||\u2014|\u2014|\u2014|| \u51b7\u542f\u52a8&#xff08;\u65e0 pyc&#xff09; | 46.8 ms | \u8bfb\u6e90\u7801\u2192\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u2192\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u4f53 |<\/h3>\n<p>| \u70ed\u542f\u52a8&#xff08;\u6709 pyc&#xff09; | 3.9 ms | \u8df3\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u4f53 |\u5feb\u4e86 12 \u500d&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 3.9 \u6beb\u79d2\u4e00\u5206\u6ca1\u5c11\u2014\u2014pyc \u53ea\u7701\u300c\u6e90\u7801\u2192\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u300d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u6a21\u5757\u4f53\u7684\u6267\u884c&#xff08;\u5b9a\u4e49 1500 \u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5efa 1500 \u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff09;\u6bcf\u6b21 import \u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u8dd1\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u56f0\u60d1&#xff1a;\u660e\u660e\u6709 __pycache__&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 import \u8fd8\u662f\u6162\u2014\u2014**\u7f16\u8bd1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002**\u987a\u5e26\u4e00\u63d0&#xff1a;PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE&#061;1 \u7684\u73af\u5883&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u6570 Docker \u955c\u50cf&#xff09;\u8fde pyc \u90fd\u4e0d\u5199&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u6b21\u51b7\u542f\u52a8\u5168\u989d\u4ed8\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. importtime&#xff1a;\u628a import \u5f00\u9500\u644a\u5f00\u770bCPython \u81ea\u5e26 -X importtime&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u6bcf\u7b14\u8d26&#xff1a;textimport time:       3391 |      15806 | decimalimport time:       4063 |       9423 |   _decimalimport time:       4807 |      57830 |     json\u8bfb\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u81ea\u8eab\u8017\u65f6&#xff08;\u03bcs&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u662f\u542b\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u3002decimal \u81ea\u8eab\u53ea\u8981 3.4 \u6beb\u79d2&#xff0c;\u4f46\u8fde\u5e26 _decimal \u548c json&#xff0c;\u7d2f\u8ba1 15.8 \u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u505a\u542f\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5148\u8dd1 importtime \u627e\u7d2f\u8ba1\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u731c\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/h3>\n<h3>6. \u5faa\u73af import&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff0c;\u6709\u65f6\u5d29python# cyc_a.pyimport cyc_b        # \u6b64\u65f6 cyc_b \u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884cVAL_A &#061; 1# cyc_b.pyimport cyc_a        # cyc_a \u5df2\u5728 sys.modules&#xff08;\u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff09;\u2192 \u62ff\u5230\u534a\u6210\u54c1VAL_B &#061; 2<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5957\u80fd\u8dd1&#xff1a;import cyc_b \u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f sys.modules \u91cc\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\u4f46\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684 cyc_a \u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981 cyc_b \u4e0d\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u9876\u5c42\u7acb\u523b\u8bbf\u95ee cyc_a.VAL_A&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5b89\u65e0\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u628a import cyc_b \u6362\u6210 from cyc_b import VAL_B&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c cyc_b \u53c8\u5728\u9876\u5c42 from cyc_a import VAL_A&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5d29&#xff1a;textImportError: cannot import name &#039;VAL_C&#039; from partially initialized module &#039;cyc_c&#039;\u89c4\u5f8b&#xff1a;import x \u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5faa\u73af\u5bbd\u5bb9&#xff08;\u62ff\u5230\u534a\u6210\u54c1\u4e5f\u884c&#xff09;&#xff0c;from x import y \u5f62\u5f0f\u82db\u523b&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u5f53\u573a\u62ff\u5230\u5c5e\u6027&#xff09;\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5faa\u73af import \u7684\u6551\u547d\u5199\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7528 import x &#043; \u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7. from X import Y \u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4 import X \u4fbf\u5b9c\u5b9e\u6d4b\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc from decimal import Decimal&#xff08;13.5ms&#xff09;\u548c import decimal&#xff08;13.6ms&#xff09;\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014from-import \u5148\u5b8c\u6574\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757&#xff0c;\u518d\u4ece\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u672c\u5730\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6ca1\u5c11\u3002\u5b83\u7701\u4e0d\u4e86\u52a0\u8f7d&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5728\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0a\u987a\u624b\u3002\u2014\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6536\u5c3e&#xff1a;import \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6625\u6765\u81ea sys.modules \u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u8be2&#xff08;230 \u7eb3\u79d2&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6625\u7684\u8d26\u5355\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u52a0\u6267\u884c&#xff08;46.8 \u6beb\u79d2&#xff09;&#xff1b;pyc \u53ea\u80fd\u7f13\u5b58\u524d\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u534a&#xff0c;\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u548c\u5faa\u73af import \u7684\u813e\u6c14&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u5f20\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u91cc\u6765\u3002<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1&#xff1f;sys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;import \u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u514d\u8d39\u300d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5b57\u5178\u2014\u2014sys.modules\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u65e6\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u518d\u6b21 import \u53ea\u662f 230 \u7eb3\u79d2\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u8be2&#xff1b;\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 import \u8981\u8d70\u8fc7\u300c\u67e5\u627e\u2192\u7f16\u8bd1\u2192\u6267\u884c\u300d\u5168\u94fe\u8def&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a 1500 \u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u51b7\u542f\u52a8 46.8 \u6beb\u79d2&#xff0c;\u6709 pyc \u7f13\u5b58\u540e\u964d\u5230 3.9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,190,398],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-117942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-190","tag-398"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1\uff1fsys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117942.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1\uff1fsys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Python \u7684 import \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8981\u94b1&#xff1f;sys.modules \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5355\u4f8b\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7 \u7ed3\u8bba\u5148\u884c&#xff1a;import \u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u514d\u8d39\u300d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5b57\u5178\u2014\u2014sys.modules\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u65e6\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u518d\u6b21 import \u53ea\u662f 230 \u7eb3\u79d2\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u67e5\u8be2&#xff1b;\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 import \u8981\u8d70\u8fc7\u300c\u67e5\u627e\u2192\u7f16\u8bd1\u2192\u6267\u884c\u300d\u5168\u94fe\u8def&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a 1500 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