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&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u622a\u53d6\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u548c\u7834\u574f&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5371\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8&#xff0c;\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u91cd\u653e\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;\u91cd\u96be\u70b9&#xff09;\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b &#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u6307\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u8005\u8f85\u52a9\u4e1a\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u9760\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u963b\u6b62\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u523b\u753b\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u8054&#xff0c;\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u7efc\u5408\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b&#xff09;\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u652f\u6491\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u7531\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6062\u590d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#xff08;\u91cd\u96be\u70b9&#xff09;\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b &#xff1a;\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u9488\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u505a\u5b89\u5168\u53d8\u6362\u6765\u62b5\u5fa1\u653b\u51fb\u8005&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9&#xff1b;\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u6709\u5bb3\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u9632\u8303\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b49\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b &#xff1a;\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u5148\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u53d8\u6362\u5f97\u5230\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9006\u53d8\u6362\u8fd8\u539f\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u9760\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u969c\u4f20\u8f93\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae &#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e3a\u5f25\u8865 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u539f\u751f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7f3a\u9677&#xff0c;\u5728 TCP\/IP \u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u9ad8\u4e09\u5c42\u589e\u8bbe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42 IPSec\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42 SSL\/TLS\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42 SHTTP\u3001PGP\u3001S\/MIME\u3001MOSS\u3001PEM\u3001SSH\u3001Kerberos \u7b49&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb(Security Attack) \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236(Security Mechanism) \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1(Security Service) \u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807(Security Goal) \u9274\u522b(Identification) \u8ba4\u8bc1(Authentication) \u6388\u6743(Authorization) \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236(Access Control) \u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027(Data Confidentiality) \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027(Data Integrity) \u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4(Non-repudiation) \u53ef\u7528\u6027(Availability) \u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027(Accountability) \u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1(Denial of Service) \u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb(Replay Attack)<\/p>\n<p>1.1 \u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4ec5\u7a83\u542c\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5a01\u80c1\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027&#xff1b;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7be1\u6539\u4f2a\u9020\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5a01\u80c1\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.2 \u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u91cd\u653e\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.3 \u5217\u51fa\u5e76\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5206\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u586b\u5145\u3001\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u516c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1&#xff09;\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;\u53ef\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6062\u590d&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.4 \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff1f;\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u7c7b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u7528\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff0c;\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u73b0\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.5 \u8bf4\u660e\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u8fbe\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807&#xff0c;\u591a\u9879\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u8054\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.6 \u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e2d\u4ecb&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u53d1\u4e0e\u516c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u969c\u5b9e\u4f53\u8eab\u4efd\u53ef\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u76f8\u4e92\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u2705 \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5f15\u7528\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u6587\u8868\u8ff0\u548c\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u590d\u4e60\u65f6\u4f18\u5148\u80cc\u8bf5\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u786e\u4fdd\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u7b54\u65f6\u7528\u8bed\u7cbe\u51c6\u3001\u4e0d\u5931\u5206\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c55\u5f00\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c42\u9762<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u539f\u6587\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6df1\u5165\u62c6\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u89c2\u5c42\u9762&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u201d&#xff0c;\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u201c\u611f\u77e5\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u5ba2\u89c2\u5c42\u9762&#xff08;\u672c\u8d28&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u5373\u201c\u5373\u4fbf\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u6653\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec6\u8282&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u7834\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219&#xff08;Kerckhoffs\u2019s Principle&#xff09; \u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6&#xff0c;\u800c\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b&#xff0c;\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u201d&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9690\u853d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.2 \u5b89\u5168\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/h4>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .label text,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-0A6l5GH7pSnPPTO4 :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f6e1;\ufe0f \u5b89\u5168 Security<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#000 !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u89c2\u5c42\u9762<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u89c2\u5c42\u9762&#xff08;\u672c\u8d28&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8fdc\u79bb\u6709\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5a01\u80c1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6050\u60e7<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u77e5\u6653\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u7834\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u8eab\u5177\u5907\u62b5\u5fa1\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406 &#043; \u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u672c\u8d28<\/h4>\n<p>\u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219&#xff08;Kerckhoffs\u2019s Principle&#xff09;\u7531\u8377\u5170\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6Auguste Kerckhoffs\u4e8e1883\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u9664\u4e86\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u5b89\u5168 (Security by Obscurity)\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168 (Inherent Security)<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b97\u6cd5\/\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u96be\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u96be\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u516c\u5f00\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6297\u653b\u51fb\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e00\u65e6\u7b97\u6cd5\u6cc4\u9732&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u5d29\u6e83<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5373\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u7834<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u79c1\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">AES\u3001RSA\u3001SHA-256<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u274c \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u2705 \u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5207\u52ff\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7814\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u65e0\u6570\u6848\u4f8b\u8bc1\u660e&#xff0c;\u201c\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u5ba1\u67e5\u540e\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u81f4\u547d\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u8bf7\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e1a\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982AES-256\u3001RSA-2048\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001ECC\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.4 \u5b89\u5168\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5&#xff1a;\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982AES\u3001RSA\u3001ECC\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u5f00\u7684&#xff0c;\u5168\u7403\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027&#xff0c;\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u6838\u5fc3&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4fdd\u5bc6&#xff0c;\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1&#xff08;Defense in Depth&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5355\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5c42\u9632\u62a4&#xff08;\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168&#xff09;\u6784\u5efa\u7efc\u5408\u9632\u5fa1\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219&#xff08;Principle of Least Privilege&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u540e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u2705 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u5c06\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5df2\u77e5\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5bc6\u7801\u3001API Key\u3001\u79c1\u94a5\u7b49&#xff09;\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982AWS KMS\u3001HashiCorp Vault&#xff09;\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u3001\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.1 CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u6982\u89c8<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8981\u7d20\u82f1\u6587\u542b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5e94\u5a01\u80c1\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Confidentiality<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u88ab\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8005\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Integrity<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u88ab\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8005\u7be1\u6539<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u9020<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u54c8\u5e0c\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Availability<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u786e\u4fdd\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>4.2 CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe<\/h4>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N 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span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node rect,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node circle,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node .label,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N 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96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-UpQheck7tKQKPc4N :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6491<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6491<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6491<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u80c1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u80c1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u80c1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>      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class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5197\u4f59\/\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4.3 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Analysis&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9690\u853d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u52a0\u5bc6\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u8bfb\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u4f46\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u9891\u7387\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u9891\u7387\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u8c08\u5224\u6216\u5e76\u8d2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u519b\u4e8b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8c03\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6d41\u91cf\u586b\u5145&#xff08;Traffic Padding&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u865a\u5047\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u771f\u5b9e\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u865a\u5047\u6d41\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\u8def\u7531\u591a\u6837\u5316&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5206\u6790\u7684\u96be\u5ea6<\/li>\n<li>\u533f\u540d\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc&#xff1a;\u5982Tor\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8def\u7531\u9690\u85cf\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86TLS\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff0c;\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4ecd\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790TLS\u63e1\u624b\u7684SNI\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u63a8\u65ad\u4f60\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002TLS 1.3\u5f15\u5165\u7684ECH&#xff08;Encrypted Client Hello&#xff09;\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.3 \u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u6307\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u9020\u3001\u91cd\u653e&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u6270\u548c\u7834\u574f\u3002\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230&#xff0c;\u4f46\u9632\u5fa1\u96be\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5.3.1 \u7be1\u6539&#xff08;Modification of Messages&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u7be1\u6539\u662f\u6307\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u622a\u83b7\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd&#xff1a;\u6d88\u606f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7801&#xff08;MAC&#xff09;\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u6821\u9a8c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>5.3.2 \u4f2a\u88c5&#xff08;Masquerade \/ Spoofing&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u4f2a\u88c5\u662f\u6307\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5192\u5145\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u6216\u6267\u884c\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff08;MFA&#xff09;\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u7ea7\u9632\u62a4&#xff08;IPSec\/SSH&#xff09;\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u8bc6\u6559\u80b2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec5\u9760\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5df2\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5173\u952e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1&#xff08;MFA&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5982TOTP\u52a8\u6001\u7801\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;YubiKey&#xff09;\u6216\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u8bc6\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5.3.3 \u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb&#xff08;Replay Attack&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u6307\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u622a\u83b7\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6d88\u606f\u540e&#xff0c;\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u8fd9\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6b3a\u9a97\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd&#xff1a;\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6311\u6218&#xff08;Nonce&#xff09;\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4ee4\u724c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba4\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae\u65f6&#xff0c;\u52a1\u5fc5\u52a0\u5165Nonce\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u8d56\u52a0\u5bc6\u65e0\u6cd5\u9632\u5fa1\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u88ab\u91cd\u653e\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>5.3.4 \u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb&#xff08;Denial of Service, DoS&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u6307\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u8017\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49&#xff09;\u6216\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u5fa1\u63aa\u65bd&#xff1a;\u6d41\u91cf\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u3001CDN\u5206\u53d1\u3001IDS\/IPS\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5.4 \u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4ec5\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u76d1\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u9020\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5a01\u80c1\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027&#xff08;Confidentiality&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u68c0\u6d4b\u96be\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6781\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff08;\u9690\u853d\u6027\u5f3a&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u68c0\u6d4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9632\u5fa1\u91cd\u70b9<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9884\u9632&#xff08;\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff09;\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u68c0\u6d4b&#043;\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6bd4\u55bb<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u95f4\u8c0d&#xff08;\u7a83\u542c\u5668&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f3a\u76d7&#xff08;\u7834\u574f\u8005&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u91cd\u653e\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#x1f4cc; \u6838\u5fc3\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8981\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u9632\u4e0d\u80dc\u9632&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u4e3a\u4e3b&#xff08;\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u622a\u83b7\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u4e3b&#xff08;\u68c0\u6d4b\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u53ca\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6839\u636eITU-T\u7684X.800\u6807\u51c6&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 \u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6216\u534a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cbe\u786e\u6027&#xff1a;\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff1a;\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027&#xff1a;\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6027&#xff1a;\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8c08\u5175\u201d\u3002Bell-LaPadula\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027&#xff09;\u3001Biba\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff09;\u3001Clark-Wilson\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u5546\u4e1a\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff09;\u7b49\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u6307\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.3 \u7efc\u5408\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u6210<\/h4>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u652f\u6491\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h5>6.3.1 \u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Support Services&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5e95\u5ea7&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e95\u5c42\u652f\u6491\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u540a\u9500\u548c\u9500\u6bc1<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1&#xff1a;\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u8bc6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>6.3.2 \u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Prevention Services&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Authentication&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u786e\u8ba4\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Access Control&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Data Confidentiality&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8005\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Data Integrity&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8005\u7be1\u6539<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Non-repudiation&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>6.3.3 \u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;Detection and Recovery Services&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff08;Intrusion Detection&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u54cd\u5e94&#xff08;Incident Response&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u54cd\u5e94\u8ba1\u5212<\/li>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d&#xff08;System Recovery&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u5907\u4efd\u673a\u5236\u6062\u590d\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u53d6\u8bc1&#xff08;Digital Forensics&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>6.3.4 \u4e09\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u67b6\u6784\u56fe<\/h5>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-n27PAh3HAeixxhTE{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-n27PAh3HAeixxhTE .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-n27PAh3HAeixxhTE 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<span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span style=\"color:#fff\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f50d; \u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u53d6\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span style=\"color:#fff\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2699\ufe0f \u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1&#xff08;\u57fa\u7840\u5e95\u5ea7&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u94a5\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>       <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u8bc6<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4cc; 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align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u6267\u884c\u9006\u5b89\u5168\u53d8\u6362&#xff08;\u89e3\u5bc6&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9&#xff08;TTP&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u516c\u8bc1\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u653b\u51fb\u8005&#xff08;Attacker&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6765\u6e90<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b9e\u65bd\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u3001\u4f2a\u88c5\u7b49\u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>7.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;Network Access Security 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.label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-uiQ5BCGziyfboHze .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-uiQ5BCGziyfboHze :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1. \u9274\u522b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2. \u8ba4\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>4. \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5141\u8bb8<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>5. \u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u540e\u8ffd\u6eaf<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed5\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bd5\u56fe\u8d8a\u6743<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f464; \u7528\u6237\/\u4e3b\u4f53<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u58f0\u660e\u8eab\u4efd(\u7528\u6237\u540d\/ID\u5361)<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd(\u5bc6\u7801\/\u6307\u7eb9\/\u8bc1\u4e66)<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>3. \u6388\u6743\u786e\u5b9a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4cb; \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#000 !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u9ed1\u5ba2\/\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h5>7.2.2 \u5178\u578b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b<\/h5>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6a21\u578b\u5168\u79f0\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">DAC<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u8005\u81ea\u4e3b\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u666e\u901a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">MAC<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e\u5f3a\u5236\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">RBAC<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u901a\u8fc7\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f01\u4e1aERP\/OA\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">ABAC<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6839\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u52a8\u6001\u51b3\u7b56<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u9009\u578b\u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c0f\u578b\u56e2\u961f\/\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf \u2192 DAC\u5373\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a \u2192 RBAC\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u8d77\u70b9&#xff0c;\u7ba1\u7406\u6210\u672c\u4f4e<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff08;\u519b\u5de5\/\u653f\u52a1&#xff09; \u2192 MAC\u662f\u5408\u89c4\u8981\u6c42<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u539f\u751f\/\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784 \u2192 ABAC\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u63a7\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>7.3 \u4e24\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5a01\u80c1\u6765\u6e90<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8005<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9ed1\u5ba2\u3001\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u5458<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u53d1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9700\u8981&#xff08;CA\u3001KDC\u7b49&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5178\u578b\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">SSL\/TLS\u3001IPSec\u3001SSH<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">RADIUS\u3001TACACS&#043;\u3001LDAP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9632\u5fa1\u91cd\u70b9<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\/\u7be1\u6539<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9632\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\/\u7834\u574f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2705 \u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e24\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5458\u5de5\u901a\u8fc7IPSec 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align=\"left\">\u65e0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">ARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001MAC\u6b3a\u9a97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff08;IP&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u65e0\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u65e0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u6e90IP\u53ef\u4f2a\u9020<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">IP\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u55c5\u63a2\u3001\u8def\u7531\u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff08;TCP\/UDP&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">TCP\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u65e0\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">SYN Flood\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u52ab\u6301\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u591a\u6570\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001Telnet&#xff09;\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5bc6\u7801\u55c5\u63a2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7a83\u53d6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f 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.marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .label text,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-d7vIAqGmoSMaKBx5 :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\" style=\"color:#fff !important\"><\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u59cbTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808&#xff08;\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\" style=\"color:#000 !important\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\" style=\"color:#fff !important\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6574\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6240\u6709IP\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\" style=\"color:#fff !important\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>S-HTTP<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>PGP<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>S\/MIME<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>SSH<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>Kerberos<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>MOSS<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>PEM<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>SSL \/ TLS<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>IPSec(AH &#043; ESP &#043; IKE)<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>HTTP \/ FTP \/ Telnet<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>TCP \/ UDP<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>IP<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>8.3 \u5404\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u8be6\u89e3<\/h4>\n<h5>8.3.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff1a;IPSec<\/h5>\n<p>IPSec&#xff08;Internet Protocol Security&#xff09; \u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff08;\u7b2c3\u5c42&#xff09;\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u5957\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AH&#xff08;\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5934&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6<\/li>\n<li>ESP&#xff08;\u5c01\u88c5\u5b89\u5168\u8f7d\u8377&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4<\/li>\n<li>IKE&#xff08;\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u81ea\u52a8\u534f\u5546\u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n<li>\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u7aef\u5230\u7aef&#xff09;\u3001\u96a7\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u7f51\u5173\u5230\u7f51\u5173VPN&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>IPSec\u7684AH\u534f\u8bae\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e14\u4e0eNAT\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d\u6781\u5c11\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528ESP\u534f\u8bae\u5373\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>8.3.2 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff1a;SSL\/TLS<\/h5>\n<p>SSL\/TLS \u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TLS 1.3&#xff1a;\u5f53\u524d\u63a8\u8350\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u97001\u4e2aRTT\u5373\u53ef\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n<li>\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/p>\n<p>SSL 2.0\/3.0\u548cTLS 1.0\/1.1\u5747\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ec5\u542f\u7528TLS 1.2\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.3\u3002\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528SSL Labs\u5728\u7ebf\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>8.3.3 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>PGP&#xff1a;\u4e2a\u4eba\u90ae\u4ef6\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff0c;\u91c7\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u52a0\u5bc6 &#043; Web of Trust<\/li>\n<li>S\/MIME&#xff1a;\u4f01\u4e1a\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168&#xff0c;\u91c7\u7528PKI\u4f53\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>SSH&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55&#xff0c;\u66ff\u4ee3Telnet<\/li>\n<li>Kerberos&#xff1a;\u57fa\u4e8eKDC\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba4\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8eWindows AD\u57df<\/li>\n<li>S-HTTP \/ MOSS \/ PEM&#xff1a;\u65e9\u671f\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>8.4 \u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u4f53\u7cfb\u603b\u89c8<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u540d\u79f0\u4fdd\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">IPSec<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6240\u6709IP\u6d41\u91cf<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">VPN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">SSL\/TLS<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5355\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">HTTPS\u3001FTPS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">S-HTTP<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5355\u4e2aHTTP\u6d88\u606f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b89\u5168Web&#xff08;\u5df2\u88abHTTPS\u53d6\u4ee3&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">PGP<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5355\u4e2a\u90ae\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e2a\u4eba\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">S\/MIME<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5355\u4e2a\u90ae\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f01\u4e1a\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">SSH<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Kerberos<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u7968\u636e\u5206\u53d1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Windows\u57df\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">MOSS<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">MIME\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168&#xff08;\u5df2\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">PEM<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u90ae\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u65e9\u671f\u90ae\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2705 \u9009\u578b\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fdd\u62a4\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf \u2192 IPSec<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u62a4\u7279\u5b9aWeb\u8fde\u63a5 \u2192 SSL\/TLS (HTTPS)<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u62a4\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6 \u2192 PGP&#xff08;\u4e2a\u4eba&#xff09;\u6216 S\/MIME&#xff08;\u4f01\u4e1a&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406 \u2192 SSH<\/li>\n<li>\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7f51\u7edf\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc1 \u2192 Kerberos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u636eX.800\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5206\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.1 \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5206\u7c7b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .label text,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node rect,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node circle,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node .label,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-TGlbwkuXTaN8xEZV :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6491<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;8\u79cd&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#000 !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u904d\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;5\u79cd&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5bc6<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u586b\u5145<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u68c0\u6d4b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>9.2 \u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;8\u79cd&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5e8f\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u540d\u79f0\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff08;Encipherment&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\/\u89e3\u5bc6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">2<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d&#xff08;Digital Signature&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d&#xff0c;\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236&#xff08;Access Control&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027&#xff08;Data Integrity&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f7f\u7528\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\u3001MAC\u7b49\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6362&#xff08;Authentication Exchange&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u6362\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6d41\u91cf\u586b\u5145&#xff08;Traffic Padding&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u586b\u5145\u865a\u5047\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6d41\u91cf\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">7<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236&#xff08;Routing Control&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9009\u62e9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">8<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u516c\u8bc1&#xff08;Notarization&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7531\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>9.3 \u666e\u904d\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff08;5\u79cd&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u5e8f\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u540d\u79f0\u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd&#xff08;Trusted Functionality&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">2<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e&#xff08;Security Label&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u6807\u8bb0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">3<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e8b\u4ef6\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff08;Event Detection&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6&#xff08;\u5982\u5165\u4fb5&#xff09;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a&#xff08;Audit Trail&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b89\u5168\u6062\u590d&#xff08;Security Recovery&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u6062\u590d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u505a\u5177\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c06\u201c\u666e\u904d\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u201d\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u8003\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5f52\u5c5e&#xff0c;\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>9.4 \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2705 \u7406\u89e3\u8981\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6362\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5bc6\u673a\u5236\u95f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7075\u6d3b\u7ec4\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5b89\u5168\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u6c47\u603b\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7840&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4cc; \u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed\u6e05\u5355<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb(Security Attack)\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236(Security Mechanism)\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1(Security Service)\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807(Security Goal)\u3001\u9274\u522b(Identification)\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1(Authentication)\u3001\u6388\u6743(Authorization)\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236(Access Control)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027(Data Confidentiality)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027(Data Integrity)\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4(Non-repudiation)\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027(Availability)\u3001\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027(Accountability)\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1(Denial of Service)\u3001\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb(Replay Attack)<\/p>\n<h4>10.1 \u672f\u8bed\u5173\u7cfb\u5168\u666f\u56fe<\/h4>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .label text,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node rect,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node circle,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node .label,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-1o3QgoJ024MnBvOq :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb\u7ec6\u5206<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u7ec6\u5206<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u5bf9<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8eab\u4efd\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u522b Identification<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1 Authentication<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6388\u6743 Authorization<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>           <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 Access Control<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f3af; \u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807Security Goal<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4cb; \u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42Security Requirement<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>&#x1f6e1;\ufe0f \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1Security Service<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#000 !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2699\ufe0f \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236Security Mechanism<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span style=\"color:#fff !important\" class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fbSecurity Attack<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc1 Authentication<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 Access Control<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027 Confidentiality<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 Integrity<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4 Non-repudiation<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u6027 Availability<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027 Accountability<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7be1\u6539<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f2a\u88c5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>10.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u8fa8\u6790<\/h4>\n<h5>&#x1f511; \u9274\u522b vs \u8ba4\u8bc1 vs \u6388\u6743 vs \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/h5>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u9ad8\u9891\u6df7\u6dc6\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u52a1\u5fc5\u51c6\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u672f\u8bed\u82f1\u6587\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u8bf4\u660e\u751f\u6d3b\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9274\u522b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Identification<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u201c\u6211\u8bf4\u6211\u662f\u8c01\u201d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7528\u6237\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd&#xff08;\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u544a\u8bc9\u95e8\u536b\u201c\u6211\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Authentication<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f60\u662f\u8c01\u201d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027&#xff08;\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bc6\u7801&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u51fa\u793a\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u8ba9\u95e8\u536b\u6838\u9a8c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6388\u6743<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Authorization<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u201c\u4f60\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u95e8\u536b\u786e\u8ba4\u4f60\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Access Control<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u201c\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u201d<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u6388\u6743\u51b3\u7b56&#xff0c;\u963b\u6b62\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u95f8\u673a\u653e\u884c\u6216\u62e6\u622a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>&#x1f511; \u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u901f\u67e5<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb (Security Attack)&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u5371\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236 (Security Mechanism)&#xff1a;\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1 (Security Service)&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807 (Security Goal)&#xff1a;\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u5411&#xff08;CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027 (Data Confidentiality)&#xff1a;\u786e\u4fdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8005<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 (Data Integrity)&#xff1a;\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u88ab\u672a\u6388\u6743\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4 (Non-repudiation)&#xff1a;\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u884c\u4e3a<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u7528\u6027 (Availability)&#xff1a;\u786e\u4fdd\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027 (Accountability)&#xff1a;\u80fd\u591f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5b89\u5168\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53<\/li>\n<li>\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1 (Denial of Service)&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb (Replay Attack)&#xff1a;\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u622a\u83b7\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u63a5\u6536\u65b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u5df2\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9\u201d\u4e2d\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u7ed9\u51fa&#xff0c;\u672c\u8282\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def\u3001\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\u4e60\u9898&#xff0c;\u518d\u5bf9\u7167\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u67e5\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u201d\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9677\u9631\u548c\u5ef6\u4f38\u8003\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4dd; \u4e60\u98981.1 \u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u9898\u76ee&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f \u6613\u9519\u63d0\u9192<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bb0\u53cd\u201c\u68c0\u6d4b\u96be\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f&#xff1a;\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6539\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6781\u96be\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff1b;\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ea\u76d1\u542c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u52a8\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7be1\u6539\/\u4f2a\u9020\/\u4e2d\u65ad\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5a01\u80c1\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u68c0\u6d4b\u96be\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6781\u96be&#xff08;\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>&#x1f4dd; \u4e60\u98981.2 \u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u9898\u76ee&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u201c\u6cc4\u6d41\u201d&#xff08;\u6cc4\u9732&#043;\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u201c\u7be1\u4f2a\u91cd\u62d2\u201d&#xff08;\u7be1\u6539&#043;\u4f2a\u88c5&#043;\u91cd\u653e&#043;\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u8bc0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u8003\u573a\u4e0a\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u5fc6&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u9057\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4dd; \u4e60\u98981.3 \u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u9898\u76ee&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5e76\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f4a1; \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u5b9a8\u79cd&#xff1a;\u201c\u52a0\u7b7e\u8bbf\u5b8c\u8ba4\u6d41\u8def\u516c\u201d&#xff08;\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u586b\u5145\u3001\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u516c\u8bc1&#xff09;\u3002\u666e\u904d5\u79cd&#xff1a;\u201c\u53ef\u4fe1\u6807\u4e8b\u5ba1\u6062\u201d&#xff08;\u53ef\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6062\u590d&#xff09;\u3002\u7b54\u9898\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u5206\u7c7b\u51c6\u786e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u5199\u5230\u666e\u904d\u673a\u5236\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>&#x1f4dd; \u4e60\u98981.4 \u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>\u9898\u76ee&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff1f;\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .label text,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node rect,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node circle,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node .label,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-wjnhOH24VgN5a6fm 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circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 rect,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 path,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 polygon,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 path{fill:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .node-icon-9{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-edge-9{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .edge-depth-9{stroke-width:-13;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-9 line{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 rect,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 path,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 polygon,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 path{fill:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .node-icon-10{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-edge-10{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .edge-depth-10{stroke-width:-16;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-10 line{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root rect,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root path,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root circle,#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root polygon{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 46.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-root span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .section-2 span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .icon-container{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .edge{fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F .mindmap-node-label{dy:1em;alignment-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-eXG1Q00ofs8T216F :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u672c\u8d28<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u89c2\u5c42\u9762&#xff1a;\u8fdc\u79bb\u5371\u5bb3\u3001\u65e0\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u65e0\u6050\u60e7<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u89c2\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u5185\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u67ef\u514b\u970d\u592b\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027 Confidentiality<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 Integrity<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u7528\u6027 Availability<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7be1\u6539<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f2a\u88c5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u653e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\/\u63a5\u6536\u65b9<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u53d8\u6362\/\u9006\u53d8\u6362<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u522b\u2192\u8ba4\u8bc1\u2192\u6388\u6743\u2192\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff1a;IPSec<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff1a;SSL\/TLS<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42&#xff1a;PGP\/S-MIME\/SSH\/Kerberos<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5236&#xff08;8\u79cd&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u904d\u673a\u5236&#xff08;5\u79cd&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u672f\u8bed<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>15\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>12.3 \u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u6982\u5ff5\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1 \u2192 \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u533a\u522b&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5206\u7c7b&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u6210&#xff1a;\u652f\u6491\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u719f\u6089\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u5e03&#xff1a;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff08;IPSec&#xff09;\u2192 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42&#xff08;SSL\/TLS&#xff09;\u2192 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42&#xff08;PGP\u3001S\/MIME\u3001SSH\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u505a\u4e60\u9898&#xff0c;\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3&#xff1a;\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u679c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b66\u4e60&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528Wireshark\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528OpenSSL\u751f\u6210\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528GPG\/PGP\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u642d\u5efaOpenVPN\u6216WireGuard VPN\u4f53\u9a8cIPSec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u2705 \u9ad8\u6548\u590d\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u524d\u590d\u4e60\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u5148\u770b\u601d\u7ef4\u5bfc\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u6846\u67b6&#xff08;5\u5206\u949f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u70b9\u590d\u4e60\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6587\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4e60\u9898\u7b54\u6848&#xff08;20\u5206\u949f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u987e\u6807\u6709\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u7684\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;30\u5206\u949f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u56de\u987e\u6240\u6709\u26a0\ufe0f\u8b66\u544a\u548c&#x1f4a1;\u5c0f\u8d34\u58eb\u4e2d\u7684\u6613\u9519\u70b9&#xff08;10\u5206\u949f&#xff09;<\/li>\n<h4>12.4 \u8003\u8bd5\u91cd\u70b9\u63d0\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u5404\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8003\u8bd5&#xff08;\u5982\u8f6f\u8003\u3001CISP\u3001CISSP\u7b49&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4e0b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u662f\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2705 \u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb vs \u88ab\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff08;\u51e0\u4e4e\u5fc5\u8003&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u6210\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5206\u7c7b&#xff08;\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5236 vs \u666e\u904d\u673a\u5236&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u5206\u5e03<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 CIA\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u624b\u6bb5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f 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