{"id":117684,"date":"2026-10-25T06:24:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T22:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117684.html"},"modified":"2026-10-25T06:24:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T22:24:35","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3-mysql-b-%e6%a0%91%e5%88%86%e8%a3%82%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%88%e5%b9%b6%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%a7%e6%89%b9%e9%87%8f%e9%9a%8f%e6%9c%ba%e5%86%99%e5%85%a5%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af%e4%b8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117684.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 MySQL B+ \u6811\u5206\u88c2\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6296\u52a8\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024222434-6add3022455ea.webp\" alt=\"\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u5728\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406&#xff08;OLTP&#xff09;\u6216\u6570\u636e\u56de\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5e73\u7a33\u8fd0\u884c\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5199\u5165\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7a81\u7136\u6beb\u65e0\u5f81\u5146\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65ad\u5d16\u66b4\u8dcc&#xff0c;P99 \u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684 5ms \u77ac\u95f4\u98d9\u5347\u81f3\u6570\u79d2&#xff0c;\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u5229\u7528\u7387\u9876\u683c&#xff08;100%&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6296\u52a8&#xff0c;\u5728\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u81ea\u589e\u4e3b\u952e&#xff08;\u5982 UUID\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hash&#xff09;\u6216\u542b\u6709\u9891\u7e41\u79bb\u6563\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5267\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7269\u7406\u6839\u6e90&#xff0c;\u6b63\u662f MySQL InnoDB \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u5e95\u5c42 B&#043; \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9875\u5206\u88c2&#xff08;Page Split&#xff09;\u4e0e\u9875\u5408\u5e76&#xff08;Page Merge&#xff09;\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165 InnoDB \u7269\u7406\u9875\u9762\u4e0e B&#043; \u6811\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u62c6\u89e3\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u5f15\u53d1 I\/O \u653e\u5927\u4e0e\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60\u9707\u8361\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u6297\u6296\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001 \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;InnoDB \u6570\u636e\u9875\u4e0e B&#043; \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6f14\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>InnoDB \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6570\u636e\u9875&#xff08;Page&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 16KB\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a B&#043; \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u952e\u805a\u7c07\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u666e\u901a\u5217\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;\u5176\u6811\u72b6\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0e Buffer Pool \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a 16KB \u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>flowchart TD<br \/>\n    subgraph \u987a\u5e8f\u9012\u589e\u63d2\u5165 (\u7406\u60f3\u586b\u6ee1 15\/16)<br \/>\n        P1[Page 1: 1, 2, 3 &#8230; \u6ee1] &#8211;&gt;|\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u9875| P2[Page 2: \u7d27\u51d1\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165]<br \/>\n    end<\/p>\n<p>    subgraph \u968f\u673a\u79bb\u6563\u63d2\u5165 (\u5f15\u53d1\u9875\u5206\u88c2)<br \/>\n        P3[&#034;Page A: \u5df2\u6ee1 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)&#034;]<br \/>\n        Insert[&#034;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d2\u5165 25 (\u76ee\u6807\u843d\u5165 Page A \u4e2d\u95f4)&#034;]<br \/>\n        Insert &#8211;&gt; P3<br \/>\n        P3 &#8211;&gt;|\u89e6\u53d1\u9875\u5206\u88c2| Split[&#034;\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u9875 Page B&lt;br\/&gt;\u5c06\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206 (30,40,50) \u7269\u7406\u62f7\u8d1d\u81f3 Page B&#034;]<br \/>\n        Split &#8211;&gt; Result[&#034;Page A \u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8dcc\u81f3 50%&lt;br\/&gt;\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u66f4&#xff0c;\u4ea7\u751f\u79bb\u6563\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8c03\u6574&#034;]<br \/>\n    end<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165 vs \u968f\u673a\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5dee\u5f02<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u987a\u5e8f\u9012\u589e\u63d2\u5165&#xff08;Sequential Insert&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u91c7\u7528 AUTO_INCREMENT \u6574\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u952e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u884c\u603b\u662f\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u53f6\u5b50\u9875\u7684\u7269\u7406\u672b\u5c3e\u3002InnoDB \u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u505a\u4e86\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4f18\u5316&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u5199\u6ee1\u5230\u5927\u7ea6 $\\\\frac{15}{16}$ \u7684\u9608\u503c\u540e&#xff0c;\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u9875&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u65e7\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u7d27\u51d1\u586b\u5145&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u788e\u7247&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5168\u7a0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u987a\u5e8f I\/O\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u968f\u673a\u79bb\u6563\u63d2\u5165&#xff08;Random Insert&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u952e\u662f 32 \u4f4d\u7684 UUID&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982 8f3b2a&#8230;&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6570\u503c\u5728\u5168\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5747\u5300\u79bb\u6563&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u673a\u843d\u5165\u6574\u4e2a B&#043; \u6811\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u53f6\u5b50\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u53f6\u5b50\u9875\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u884c\u817e\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;InnoDB \u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u884c\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u9875\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001 \u9875\u5206\u88c2&#xff08;Page Split&#xff09;\u7684\u4e94\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u4f3c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u9875\u5206\u88c2&#xff0c;\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u9501\u4ee3\u4ef7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u642c\u8fc1\u4e0e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u91cd\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<p>InnoDB \u4f1a\u5728 Buffer Pool \u4e2d\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u6570\u636e\u9875&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u89e6\u53d1 LRU \u5237\u76d8\u6dd8\u6c70\u5176\u4ed6\u5e72\u51c0\u9875&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c06\u539f\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u540e\u534a\u6bb5\u7ea6 50% \u7684\u8bb0\u5f55**\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff08;Memory Copy&#xff09;**\u5230\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u968f\u540e&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u65b0\u539f\u9875\u3001\u65b0\u9875\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u540e\u90bb\u5c45\u9875\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u7269\u7406\u6307\u9488&#xff08;FIL_PAGE_PREV \u4e0e FIL_PAGE_NEXT&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6269\u6563\u6f14\u5316&#xff08;Tree Upward Propagation&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u88c2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u952e\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u9879&#xff0c;\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5176\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u975e\u53f6\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;Internal Node&#xff09;\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u6b64\u65f6\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u586b\u6ee1&#xff0c;\u5206\u88c2\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u5bfc&#xff0c;\u8bf1\u53d1\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u88c2\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u4e00\u7ea7\u7ea7\u5411\u4e0a\u6269\u6563&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u6574\u68f5 B&#043; \u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;Root Node&#xff09;\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u88c2&#xff0c;\u5f15\u53d1\u6574\u68f5 B&#043; \u6811\u7684\u5c42\u9ad8&#xff08;Tree Height&#xff09;\u52a0 1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u9875\u9762\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8170\u65a9\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u81a8\u80c0&#xff08;Space Fragmentation&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9875\u9762&#xff0c;\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5145\u76c8\u7387\u77ac\u95f4\u7531\u539f\u672c\u7684\u8fd1 100% \u66b4\u8dcc\u81f3\u5927\u7ea6 50%\u3002\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u6574\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u534a\u6ee1\u751a\u81f3\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u788e\u7247\u9875\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a&#xff1a;\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a UUID \u4e3b\u952e\u5b58\u50a8\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u4f53\u79ef\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u81ea\u589e\u4e3b\u952e\u7684 1.6 \u5230 2.2 \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. Buffer Pool \u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027&#xff08;Locality&#xff09;\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6e83<\/h4>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u5206\u6563&#xff0c;\u539f\u672c\u5728 Buffer Pool \u4e2d\u88ab\u70ed\u70b9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u9875\u9762\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u590d\u7528\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u5c06\u51b7\u9875\u9762\u6362\u5165\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4 Buffer Pool \u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u8df3\u6c34&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7531\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u8fc5\u901f\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u963b\u585e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff08;Redo Log&#xff09;\u4e0e\u810f\u9875\u5237\u76d8\u6d2a\u5cf0<\/h4>\n<p>\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u9488\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u9875\u9762\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u79fb&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\u5168\u90e8\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230 InnoDB \u7684 Redo Log \u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4 Redo Log \u7684\u5199\u5165\u4f53\u79ef\u77ac\u95f4\u66b4\u589e\u6570\u5341\u500d\u3002\u4e00\u65e6 Redo Log \u63a8\u8fdb\u8fc7\u5feb\u903c\u8fd1\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9&#xff08;Checkpoint&#xff09;&#xff0c;InnoDB \u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u542f\u52a8\u540c\u6b65\u810f\u9875\u5237\u76d8&#xff08;Furious Flushing&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u963b\u65ad\u6240\u6709\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u4e1a\u52a1\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;\u9020\u6210\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u65ad\u5d16\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001 \u538b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u8bc6\u522b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8bca\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6296\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212; \u6293\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5206\u88c2\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf<br \/>\nSHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE &#039;Innodb_pages_%&#039;;<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u6ce8\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Innodb_pages_created&#xff1a;\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5e73\u7a33\u5199\u5165\u671f\u8be5\u6307\u6807\u5448\u73b0\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u98d9\u5347&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u6b63\u5728\u5bc6\u96c6\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty&#xff1a;Buffer Pool \u4e2d\u810f\u9875\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f34\u968f\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u51fa\u73b0\u6bdb\u523a&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u5206\u88c2\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u4ea7\u751f\u810f\u9875\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u6027\u80fd\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;Performance Schema&#xff09;\u76d1\u63a7\u4e92\u65a5\u9501&#xff08;Mutex&#xff09;\u4e89\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>SELECT<br \/>\n    event_name,<br \/>\n    count_star,<br \/>\n    sum_timer_wait \/ 1000000000 AS wait_ms<br \/>\nFROM performance_schema.events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name<br \/>\nWHERE event_name LIKE &#039;%wait\/synch\/mutex\/innodb\/index%&#039;<br \/>\nORDER BY sum_timer_wait DESC<br \/>\nLIMIT 5;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c wait\/synch\/mutex\/innodb\/index_tree \u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee&#xff0c;B&#043; \u6811\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574&#xff08;SX-Lock \/ X-Lock&#xff09;\u6b63\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u585e\u5e76\u53d1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001 \u5927\u6279\u91cf\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u573a\u666f\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8c03\u4f18\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u6cbb\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;\u6539\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u552f\u4e00 ID&#xff08;\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u6539\u9020&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ece\u6e90\u5934\u4e0a\u6d88\u706d\u65e0\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e25\u7981\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684 UUID v4&#xff08;\u7eaf\u968f\u673a&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u4e14\u4e0d\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u589e\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684 ID&#xff0c;\u5e94\u5f53\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f ID&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Twitter Snowflake&#xff08;\u96ea\u82b1\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u8282\u70b9 ID&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4e3a\u81ea\u589e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5728 B&#043; \u6811\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u5929\u7136\u5448\u73b0\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ULID&#xff08;Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5177\u5907\u4e0e UUID \u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9\u7684 128 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u524d 48 \u4f4d\u4e3a\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233&#xff0c;\u6587\u672c\u5448\u73b0\u4e0a\u5b57\u5178\u5e8f\u4e25\u683c\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>MySQL 8.0 UUID_TO_BIN(UUID(), 1)&#xff1a;\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf UUID \u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u9ad8\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u8c03\u6362&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u751f\u6210\u7684 16 \u5b57\u8282\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5177\u5907\u524d\u7f00\u5355\u8c03\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8212; MySQL 8.0 \u539f\u751f\u6709\u5e8f UUID \u65b9\u6848<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE user_orders (<br \/>\n    &#8212; \u5c06 swap_flag \u8bbe\u4e3a 1&#xff0c;\u5c06 UUID \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9ad8\u4f4d\u632a\u5230\u6700\u524d&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0 B&#043; \u6811\u5355\u8c03\u8ffd\u52a0<br \/>\n    order_id BINARY(16) DEFAULT (UUID_TO_BIN(UUID(), 1)),<br \/>\n    user_id BIGINT,<br \/>\n    amount DECIMAL(10,2),<br \/>\n    PRIMARY KEY (order_id)<br \/>\n);<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6279\u91cf\u56de\u5199\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9884\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Pre-sorting Buffer&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u6e38\u786e\u5b9e\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u6563\u5217\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u4f8b\u5982\u63a5\u6536\u79bb\u7ebf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5207\u52ff\u76f4\u63a5\u4e71\u5e8f\u5e76\u53d1\u5199\u5165 MySQL\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4e0a\u6e38\u5e94\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42&#xff08;\u5982 Flink\/Spark&#xff09;\u5148\u6309 MySQL \u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u8fdb\u884c\u5c40\u90e8\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f&#xff08;Local Sorting&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u518d\u4ee5\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e\u7684\u6279\u6b21\u6709\u5e8f\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p># \u5199\u5165\u7aef\u9632\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u7f13\u51b2\u6392\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\ndef flush_batch_to_mysql(records):<br \/>\n    # \u6309\u7167\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u952e ID \u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<br \/>\n    records.sort(key&#061;lambda x: x[&#034;primary_key_id&#034;])<\/p>\n<p>    # \u987a\u5e8f\u6784\u9020\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf INSERT&#xff0c;\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5229\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u53f6\u5b50\u9875\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6027<br \/>\n    execute_bulk_insert(records)<\/p>\n<h4>3. InnoDB \u5f15\u64ce\u7ea7\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u51cf\u7f13\u51b2\u76d8\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u4e89\u62a2&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>[mysqld]<br \/>\n# 1. \u6269\u5927 Buffer Pool \u810f\u9875\u5237\u76d8\u7684 I\/O \u5bb9\u91cf (\u7ed3\u5408 SSD \u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u80fd\u914d\u7f6e)<br \/>\ninnodb_io_capacity &#061; 4000<br \/>\ninnodb_io_capacity_max &#061; 8000<\/p>\n<p># 2. \u653e\u5bbd\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u810f\u9875\u5237\u76d8\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u5e73\u6ed1\u5237\u76d8\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u9632\u6b62\u77ac\u65f6\u731b\u51b2<br \/>\ninnodb_max_dirty_pages_pct &#061; 75<br \/>\ninnodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm &#061; 50<\/p>\n<p># 3. \u589e\u5927 Redo Log \u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0e\u603b\u5bb9\u91cf (MySQL 8.0.30&#043; \u914d\u7f6e innodb_redo_log_capacity)<br \/>\n# \u5145\u8db3\u7684 Redo \u7a7a\u95f4\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5ef6\u7f13 Checkpoint \u8ffd\u8d76\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u963b\u585e<br \/>\ninnodb_redo_log_capacity &#061; 16G<\/p>\n<p># 4. \u8c03\u6574 Change Buffer \u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u5199\u5165 (\u5bf9\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6548)<br \/>\ninnodb_change_buffer_max_size &#061; 30<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u6c34\u533a&#xff0c;\u59cb\u7ec8\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u89c1\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002B&#043; \u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6781\u901f\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5176\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u65e0\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u52a8\u4e3b\u952e\u5355\u8c03\u6709\u5e8f\u5316\u6539\u9020\u3001\u5f15\u5165\u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u524d\u7f6e\u9884\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5339\u914d\u5408\u7406\u7684 InnoDB \u5237\u76d8\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5f7b\u5e95\u9a6f\u670d\u7531 B&#043; \u6811\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6296\u52a8\u731b\u517d&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u7a33\u5982\u78d0\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u5728\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406&#xff08;OLTP&#xff09;\u6216\u6570\u636e\u56de\u5199\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5e73\u7a33\u8fd0\u884c\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5199\u5165\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7a81\u7136\u6beb\u65e0\u5f81\u5146\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65ad\u5d16\u66b4\u8dcc&#xff0c;P99 \u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u7684 5ms \u77ac\u95f4\u98d9\u5347\u81f3\u6570\u79d2&#xff0c;\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u5229\u7528\u7387\u9876\u683c&#xff08;100%&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6296\u52a8&#xff0c;\u5728\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u81ea\u589e\u4e3b\u952e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[66,81,50,292,51],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-117684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-ai","tag-python","tag-50","tag-292","tag-51"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - 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