![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203301-6add15fd6b2c1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u8a00：<\/p>\n
2.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\u8f7d wget \/curl\/aria2c<\/p>\n
wget（\u6700\u7b80\u5355，\u9002\u5408\u666e\u901a\u4e0b\u8f7d）<\/p>\n
curl（\u901a\u7528 http \u5de5\u5177，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4e0b\u8f7d，\u8fd8\u80fd\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42）<\/p>\n
aria2c（\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u795e\u5668，\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350）<\/p>\n
2.2 \u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29 tar \/zip\/unzip \/7z<\/p>\n
tar \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
zip \/unzip（\u548c Windows \u4e92\u901a）<\/p>\n
7z（\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387）<\/p>\n
2.3 \u6587\u6863\u5904\u7406\u8865\u5145 wc \/grep\/sed<\/p>\n
wc \u6587\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n
grep \u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22，\u67e5\u627e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/p>\n
sed \u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362，\u6279\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n
2.4 \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 ln<\/p>\n
\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5（\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5，Windows \u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f）<\/p>\n
\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 ln（\u4e0d\u5e26 – s）<\/p>\n
2.5 \u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u590d\u7528\u5668 bg\/fg\/jobs\/nohup\/screen\/tmux<\/p>\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u88ab\u6302\u65ad\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
\u7ec8\u7aef\u590d\u7528\u5668 （tmux\u00a0 \u00a0screen）<\/p>\n
2.6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668 top \/htop<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b62 kill \/pkill\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u78c1\u76d8\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n
2.7 \u78c1\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d mount \/umount<\/p>\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6302\u8f7d？<\/p>\n
2.8 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
export \u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
PATH（\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf）<\/p>\n
LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n
2.9 Bash \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6～\/.bashrc source<\/p>\n
2.10 \u62fe\u9057\u8865\u7f3a<\/p>\n
watch：\u5b9a\u65f6\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
tee：\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u00a0+ \u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
diff：\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u4ef6\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n
uname \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u89e6\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u6c47\u603b<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bed：<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60Linux\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6，\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb：\u53ea\u5b66\u591f\u7528\u7684Linux！\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9（\u4e0a）-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2，<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916，\u9605\u8bfb\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u540e\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9 Linux \u521d\u6b65\u719f\u6089\u4e86，\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u5f00\u59cb，\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u7cbe\u7b80\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e09\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177wget\u3001curl \u548c aria2c， \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u6ca1\u6709\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8\u4f9d\u9760\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177，\u5176\u4e2dwget \u6700\u6613\u7528，aria2c \u6700\u5f3a\u5927，\u4e09\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u719f\u6089\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install wget -y<\/p>\n
# \u57fa\u7840\u4e0b\u8f7d，\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\nwget https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -O \u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\nwget -O myfile.zip https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -P \u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\nwget -P \/data\/downloads https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -c \u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20，\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u540e\u63a5\u7740\u4e0b
\nwget -c https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
#\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install curl -y<\/p>\n
# -O\u5927\u5199，\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4fdd\u5b58
\ncurl -O https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -o\u5c0f\u5199，\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\ncurl -o myfile.zip https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -L \u8ddf\u968f\u7f51\u9875\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0b\u8f7d\u94fe\u63a5\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570
\ncurl -L -O https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# \u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20
\ncurl -L -C – -O https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c Windows IDM \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5668，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u8f7d，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u81ea\u5e26\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20<\/p>\n
#\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install aria2 -y<\/p>\n
#\u57fa\u7840\u4e0b\u8f7d
\naria2c https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -x -s \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u53d1\u7ebf\u7a0b，16\u7ebf\u7a0b\u52a0\u901f\u4e0b\u8f7d
\naria2c -x 16 -s 16 https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -o \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\naria2c -o myfile.zip https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
# -d \u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55
\naria2c -d \/data\/downloads https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u63d0\u793a：AI \u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u6587\u4ef6\u4f53\u79ef\u5de8\u5927，\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528aria2c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u5177：tar, zip, unzip, 7z\u3002<\/p>\n
tar：Linux \u539f\u751f\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5143\u4fe1\u606f；zip：\u8de8 Windows \u6700\u901a\u7528；7z：\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
tar \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177，\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u5fd9\u8c03\u7528 gzip, zstd \u7b49\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u5305+\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u540c\u65f6 tar \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5143\u6570\u636e\u50a8\u5b58（\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6743\u9650\u7b49），\u56e0\u6b64\u5728 Linux \u91cc tar \u662f\u6700\u5730\u9053\u7684\u6253\u5305\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u51e0\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765，\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5206\u522b\u662f：<\/p>\n
# \u4ec5\u6253\u5305（\u4e0d\u538b\u7f29）
\ntar -cvf archive.tar dir\/<\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u5305
\ntar -xvf archive.tar<\/p>\n
# \u6253\u5305+gzip\u538b\u7f29 .tar.gz
\ntar -cvzf archive.tar.gz dir\/<\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u538btar.gz
\ntar -xvzf archive.tar.gz<\/p>\n
\u9ad8\u7ea7\u63d0\u901f\u7528\u6cd5：<\/p>\n
# 1. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b gzip \u538b\u7f29
\n# tar \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 gz \u538b\u7f29\u5668\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u538b\u7f29，pigz \u538b\u7f29\u5668\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb
\n# \u9996\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 pigz \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\nsudo apt install pigz -y
\n# \u7136\u540e\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u53bb\u9664 -z \u53c2\u6570，\u4f7f\u7528 -I \u6307\u5b9a\u538b\u7f29\u5668\u4e3a pigz
\ntar -I pigz -cvf archive.tar.gz dir\/
\ntar -I pigz -xvf archive.tar.gz<\/p>\n
# 2. zstd \u538b\u7f29
\n# zstd \u662f\u76f8\u6bd4 gzip \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5，\u5b83\u66f4\u5feb，\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8
\n# \u9996\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 zstd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\nsudo apt install zstd -y
\n# \u7136\u540e\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b\u65f6\u53bb\u9664 -z \u53c2\u6570，\u4f7f\u7528 –zstd \u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528 zstd \u7b97\u6cd5
\ntar –zstd -cvf archive.tar.zst dir\/
\ntar –zstd -xvf archive.tar.zst <\/p>\n
#\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install zip unzip -y<\/p>\n
#\u538b\u7f29\u76ee\u5f55 -r\u9012\u5f52
\nzip -r archive.zip dir\/<\/p>\n
#\u89e3\u538b
\nunzip archive.zip<\/p>\n
sudo apt install p7zip-full -y<\/p>\n
#\u538b\u7f29 a\u4ee3\u8868add\u6dfb\u52a0
\n7z a archive.7z dir\/<\/p>\n
#\u89e3\u538b x\u4ee3\u8868\u89e3\u538b
\n7z x archive.7z<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f：7z \u538b\u7f29\u901f\u5ea6\u6162，\u9002\u5408\u5f52\u6863\u5907\u4efd，\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u65e5\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u6253\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6392\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7528\u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u6587\u672c，\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b83\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u6570\u4fe1\u606f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 wc \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6，wc \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u8282\u6570，\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
[\u884c\u6570] [\u5355\u8bcd\u6570] [\u5b57\u8282\u6570] [\u6587\u4ef6\u540d]<\/p>\n
# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa：\u884c\u6570 \u5355\u8bcd\u6570 \u5b57\u8282\u6570 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d
\nwc test.txt<\/p>\n
# -l\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570
\nwc -l test.txt<\/p>\n
# -w\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd
\nwc -w test.txt<\/p>\n
# -c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u8282
\nwc -c test.txt<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u8981\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570：-i\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199，-n\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7，-r\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22，-v\u53cd\u5411\u8fc7\u6ee4，-C\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f（pattern），grep \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
grep \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177，\u56e0\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u591a，\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u53ea\u6311\u9009\u4e86\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542berror\u7684\u884c
\ngrep "error" access.log<\/p>\n
#\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u884c+\u884c\u53f7
\ngrep -n "error" access.log<\/p>\n
#\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u6574\u4e2alogs\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6
\ngrep -r "error" logs\/<\/p>\n
#-v\u53cd\u5411，\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389debug\u884c，\u53ea\u770b\u5269\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9
\ngrep -v "debug" access.log<\/p>\n
#-C 2 \u6253\u5370\u5339\u914d\u884c，\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u524d\u540e\u54042\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587
\ngrep -C 2 "error" access.log<\/p>\n
# \u6253\u5370\u5305\u542b\u5355\u8bcderr\u7684\u884c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5339\u914derror\u4e2d\u7684err
\ngrep -w "err" access.log <\/p>\n
#-F\u628a\u641c\u7d22\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u4e0d\u89e3\u6790\u6b63\u5219\u7b26\u53f7. *
\ngrep -F "192.168.1.100" access.log<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 sed \u547d\u4ee4，\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u90e8\u5206\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6309\u7167\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6307\u5b9a\u66ff\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 1 \u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
#\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u9884\u89c8\u66ff\u6362\u6548\u679c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u4ef6
\nsed 's\/\u65e7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\/g' test.txt<\/p>\n
#-i\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6，\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362(g\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u5c40)
\nsed -i 's\/Before\/After\/g' test.txt<\/p>\n
#\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6362\u6210! #，\u907f\u514d\u8def\u5f84\u659c\u6760\u51b2\u7a81
\nsed -i 's!\/opt\/old!\/opt\/new!g' test.txt<\/p>\n
\u00a0-i\u53c2\u6570\u4ee3\u8868\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6，\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u52a1\u5fc5\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6！<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u4f55\u5907\u4efd\u539f\u59cb\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 test_log.txt ：<\/p>\n
cp test_log.txt test_log.txt.bak <\/p>\n
\u9010\u6bb5\u89e3\u6790：<\/p>\n
cp：copy \u590d\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0 \u00a0 test_log.txt：\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u65e5\u5fd7， test_log.txt.bak：\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6，\u540e\u7f00.bak\u662f\u884c\u4e1a\u901a\u7528\u5907\u4efd\u540e\u7f00，\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u773c\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u539f\u56de\u539f\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
cp test_log.txt.bak test_log.txt <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d3\u5c55\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233，\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u5907\u4efd：<\/p>\n
cp test_log.txt test_log.txt.$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).bak <\/p>\n
$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)：\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362，\u6267\u884c date \u547d\u4ee4，\u62fc\u63a5\u5e74\u6708\u65e5_\u65f6\u5206\u79d2，\u793a\u4f8b\u751f\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c31\u662f：test_log.txt.20261017_203010.bak<\/p>\n
sed \u81ea\u5e26\u5907\u4efd\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6267\u884csed\u66ff\u6362，\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
sed -i.bak 's\/error\/ERR\/g' test_log.txt <\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f：-i\u548c.bak\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7a7a\u683c，\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6210 -i .bak，\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519！<\/p>\n
\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5982\u679c\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u662f a，\u90a3\u4e48\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5 b \u6307\u5411 a \u540e，\u901a\u8fc7 b \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 a，\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203301-6add15fdbaef7.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u6cd5：ln -s \u539f\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55 \u94fe\u63a5\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n
#\u521b\u5efa\u94fe\u63a5link.txt\u6307\u5411original.txt
\nln -s original.txt link.txt<\/p>\n
#\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0bproject\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\/data\/project
\nln -s \/data\/project ~\/project<\/p>\n
\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n
mv \/mnt\/disk_a\/project_data \/mnt\/disk_b
\nln -s \/mnt\/disk_b\/project_data \/mnt\/disk_a\/project_data<\/p>\n
\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c，\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u540e，\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a inode（\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u8282\u70b9），\u5c31\u4eff\u4f5b\u4e24\u4e2a C \u8bed\u8a00\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203302-6add15fe8eb78.png\")
<\/p>\n
Linux \u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a inode \u88ab\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5f15\u7528，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u79f0\u4e3a\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u540e，\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u4e3a 2；\u5220\u9664 original.txt \u6216 hardlink.txt \u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e，\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u53d8\u6210 1，\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u540e，\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u624d\u4f1a\u5f52\u96f6，\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7 ln \u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5，\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5：ln \u539f\u5bf9\u8c61 \u94fe\u63a5\u540d<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 link.txt \u6307\u5411 original.txt
\nln original.txt link.txt<\/p>\n
\u7279\u6027\u91cd\u70b9：<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a Shell \u4e2d，\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u5b83\u5c31\u72ec\u5360\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a Shell，\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5f88\u8017\u65f6，\u90a3\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u8fd0\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848，\u5206\u522b\u662f Linux \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u524d\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u6613\u7528\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u590d\u7528\u5668\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u672c\u8282\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u201cSSH \u65ad\u5f00\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u88ab\u7ec8\u6b62\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u75db\u70b9\u573a\u666f：SSH \u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8dd1\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1，\u5982\u679c\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef \/ \u7f51\u7edc\u65ad\u5f00，\u666e\u901a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6740\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n
（1）\u5c06\u524d\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0<\/p>\n
\u5047\u5982\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4e3a\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
sleep 3600 <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u5230\u540e\u53f0，\u8ba9\u5f00 Shell，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u952e\u76d8\u5feb\u6377\u952e Ctrl + Z\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 Shell \u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u63d0\u9192，\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u547d\u4ee4\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0，\u540c\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u4e86：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203303-6add15ff9aa2a.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u5b83\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c，\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
bg <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6 Shell \u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u63d0\u9192，\u4ee3\u8868\u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203303-6add15ffbcef6.png\")
<\/p>\n
（2）\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u5efa\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5f88\u8017\u65f6，\u6253\u7b97\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5b83\u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0 & \u7b26\u53f7，\u4ee3\u8868\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u5efa\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1：<\/p>\n
sleep 1800 & <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6，\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u5b83\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 Shell，\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u63d0\u9192：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203303-6add15ffd97cf.png\")
<\/p>\n
（3）\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u53d6\u56de\u524d\u53f0<\/p>\n
\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u53d6\u56de\u524d\u53f0，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
fg <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d6\u56de\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u53f7\u6765\u6307\u5b9a，\u9996\u5148\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1：<\/p>\n
jobs <\/p>\n
\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n
[1] Running sleep 3600 &
\n[2]- Running sleep 1800 &
\n[3]+ Stopped sleep 2400 <\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 %\u5e8f\u53f7 \u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u53d6\u56de\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1：<\/p>\n
fg %1 # \u53d6\u56de\u4efb\u52a11
\nfg %2 # \u53d6\u56de\u4efb\u52a12
\nfg %3 # \u53d6\u56de\u4efb\u52a13 <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u4efb\u52a1，\u5f53 SSH \u6216\u8005 Shell \u5173\u95ed\u65f6，\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea Shell \u7684 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u88ab\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u4efb\u52a1\u5728 SSH \u6216\u8005 Shell \u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c，\u5c31\u9700\u8981 nohup \u547d\u4ee4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
nohup：\u6302\u65ad SSH \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6740<\/p>\n
SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7：ssh \u65ad\u5f00\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f，nohup \u5c4f\u853d\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0 nohup \u5373\u53ef\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u88ab\u6302\u65ad\u7684\u4efb\u52a1：<\/p>\n
nohup python train.py <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u88ab\u6302\u65ad\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
nohup python train.py & <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5bfc\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5199\u6cd5（\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec4\u5408）：<\/p>\n
nohup python train.py >train.log 2>&1 &<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2502\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2502\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2514\u2500 \u6302\u5230\u540e\u53f0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u2502\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u5c06 stderr \u5199\u5165 stdout（\u5373 train.log）<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u5c06 stdout \u5199\u5165 train.log<\/p>\n
（1）tmux \u5de5\u5177（\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350，\u66ff\u4ee3 nohup，AI \u8bad\u7ec3\u9996\u9009）<\/p>\n
\u6bd4 nohup \u597d\u7528，\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72ec\u7acb，\u65ad\u5f00 ssh \u518d\u91cd\u8fde\u53ef\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install tmux<\/p>\n
#\u65b0\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5e76\u547d\u540d
\ntmux new -s train<\/p>\n
# \u5728tmux\u7a97\u53e3\u91cc\u9762\u968f\u4fbf\u8dd1\u7a0b\u5e8f python train.py
\n# \u8131\u79bb\u4f1a\u8bdd（\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1）\u5feb\u6377\u952e：Ctrl+B，\u677e\u5f00，\u518d\u6309D<\/p>\n
#\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd
\ntmux ls<\/p>\n
#\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u5165\u4f1a\u8bdd
\ntmux attach -t train<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203304-6add16000a630.png\")
<\/p>\n
（2）screen \u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n
\/\/\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install screen
\n\/\/\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd
\nscreen -S train
\n\/\/ \u8131\u79bb Ctrl+A \u677e\u5f00 D
\n\/\/ \u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd
\nscreen -ls
\n\/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540d\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165
\nscreen -r train<\/p>\n
\u91cd\u8981\u63d0\u9192：\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8dd1\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148tmux，\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u88f8\u7528 nohup\u3002<\/p>\n
Windows \u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5，\u76f8\u540c\u7684，Linux \u4e5f\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90，\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n
\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u67e5\u770b\u7ba1\u7406 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668 top \u548c htop，\u524d\u8005\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u540e\u8005\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5，\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u597d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
（1）top \u5de5\u5177（table of processes）<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 top \u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u7528 q \u6216 Ctrl + C \u9000\u51fa\u3002top \u4f1a\u5360\u6ee1\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0，\u754c\u9762\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203304-6add16009035d.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u770b\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4e94\u884c\u4fe1\u606f，\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
top – 16:30:14 up 25 min, 2 users, load average: 0.15, 0.52, 0.59
\n\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4；\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4；\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u6570；\u8fc7\u53bb 1\u30015\u300115 \u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d
\nTasks: 299 total, 1 running, 297 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u603b\u6570；\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570；\u4f11\u7720\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570；\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570；\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570
\n%Cpu(s): 4.0 us, 8.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 88.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
\n\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528；\u5185\u6838\u5360\u7528；\u8c03\u6574\u8fc7 nice \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528；CPU \u7a7a\u95f2；\u7b49\u5f85 I\/O；\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad；\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad；\u88ab\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5360\u7528
\nMiB Mem : 3863.4 total, 601.0 free, 1190.3 used, 2308.9 buff\/cache
\n\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf；\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58；\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58；\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u7f13\u5b58
\nMiB Swap: 3867.0 total, 3867.0 free, 0.0 used, 2673.1 avail Mem
\nSwap \u603b\u91cf；Swap \u7a7a\u95f2；Swap \u5df2\u4f7f\u7528；\u9884\u8ba1\u53ef\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5916，top \u8fd8\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u770b\u5230\u8868\u5934，\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f：<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 \u2191 \u2193 \u548c PGUP PGDN，\u6765\u6eda\u52a8\u548c\u7ffb\u9875\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e86，\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u5199 P \u4ee5 CPU \u5360\u7528\u6392\u5e8f，\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5199 M \u4ee5\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
（2）htop \u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n
htop \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u7248\u7684 top，\u5b83\u7684\u754c\u9762\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u6613\u7528，\u540c\u65f6\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927，\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u6211\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u7528 htop\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83：sudo apt install htop -y<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 htop \u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u7528 q \u6216 Ctrl + C \u9000\u51fa\u3002htop \u4f1a\u5360\u6ee1\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5237\u65b0，\u754c\u9762\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203306-6add16026f32f.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0，htop \u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u754c\u9762\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u4e86，\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f htop \u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7eaf\u952e\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6eda\u8f6e\u6765\u6eda\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868，\u70b9\u51fb\u8868\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u6362\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u5411，\u70b9\u51fb\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64 htop \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u5f88\u4f4e\u4e86，\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd：<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684 htop \u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e86，\u4e0d\u8fc7 Linux \u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
（1）kill \u547d\u4ee4：\u6740\u6b7b\u6307\u5b9a ID \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 kill \u8fdb\u7a0bID \u6765\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 top \u6216\u8005 htop \u67e5\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
kill \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM \u5373\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u5361\u6b7b\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94，\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 SIGKILL \u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4f7f\u7528 kill -9 \u8fdb\u7a0bID<\/p>\n
#\u901a\u8fc7PID\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b，PID\u6765\u81eatop\/htop
\nkill 12345<\/p>\n
#\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u5361\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b SIGKILL
\nkill -9 12345<\/p>\n
（2）pkill \u547d\u4ee4：\u6740\u6b7b\u6307\u5b9a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 pkill \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u6765\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u4e0a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e00\u8d77\u6740\u6b7b，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u6740\u591a\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
pkill \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5339\u914d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d，\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5339\u914d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 -f \u53c2\u6570，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
pkill -f "python.*train.py"<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837，pkill \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001 SIGTERM \u5373\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u5361\u6b7b\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94，\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001 SIGKILL \u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4f7f\u7528 pkill -9 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n
#pkill\u6309\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u5b57\u5339\u914d\u6279\u91cf\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b
\npkill -f "python train.py"
\npkill -9 -f "python train.py" <\/p>\n
（1）du（disk usage）：\u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n
-s \u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6c47\u603b\u7ed3\u679c，\u4e0d\u6bcf\u884c\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，-h \u53c2\u6570\u8ba9\u5bb9\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528 KB\u3001MB\u3001GB \u7b49\u6613\u8bfb\u5355\u4f4d\u3002du -sh \u7684\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u642d\u914d：<\/p>\n
# -s\u6c47\u603b，-h\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u5355\u4f4dKB\/MB\/GB
\ndu -sh \/var\/log # \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f
\ndu -sh \/var\/log\/* # \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n
（2）df：\u67e5\u770b\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u5206\u533a\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n
-h \u53c2\u6570\u8ba9\u5bb9\u91cf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528 KB\u3001MB\u3001GB \u7b49\u6613\u8bfb\u5355\u4f4d，\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f：<\/p>\n
df -h<\/p>\n
（3）lsblk：\u67e5\u770b\u673a\u5668\u5168\u90e8\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u5206\u533a\u548c\u6302\u8f7d\u5173\u7cfb（\u627e U \u76d8\u65b0\u786c\u76d8）<\/p>\n
lsblk<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c：<\/p>\n
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS<\/p>\n
sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part \/boot<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500sda2 8:2 0 499G 0 part \/<\/p>\n
sdb 8:16 0 2T 0 disk<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500sdb1 8:17 0 2T 0 part \/data<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203308-6add16045e6c9.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5217\u6709：<\/p>\n
（4）iotop \u5de5\u5177：\u67e5\u8be2\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee1，\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5361，\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iotop \u67e5\u770b\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install iotop
\n\/\/\u8fd0\u884c
\nsudo iotop<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c top \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8：<\/p>\n
\u6309\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u822a，\u6309 q \u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
（1）ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4：\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n
ifconfig \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3001IP \u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
#ifconfig\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361ip（\u65e7\u5de5\u5177）
\nsudo apt install net-tools
\n#\u8fd0\u884c
\nifconfig<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203309-6add1605e0752.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u66ff\u4ee3 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4：ip addr<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f：<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916，ifconfig \u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5de5\u5177，\u73b0\u5728\u8f83\u65b0\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 ip \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83，\u4f7f\u7528 ip addr \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c ifconfig \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
（2）iftop \u5de5\u5177：\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u6b63\u5728\u5360\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u201d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iftop\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo pat install iftop -y
\n#\u8fd0\u884c
\nsudo iftop <\/p>\n
iftop \u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u672c\u673a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u6d41\u91cf，\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u5408\u6392\u67e5：<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3：<\/p>\n
sudo iftop -i eth0 <\/p>\n
\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
（3）nload \u5de5\u5177：\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u5361\u603b\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5，\u53ea\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u603b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u4e0a\u4f20\u901f\u5ea6，\u90a3\u4e48 nload \u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u5b89\u88c5
\nsudo apt install nload -y
\n#\u8fd0\u884c
\nnload <\/p>\n
\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u663e\u793a：<\/p>\n
Incoming<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u524d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
Outgoing<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u524d\u4e0a\u4f20\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u2190 \u548c \u2192 \u5207\u6362\u3002\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e Windows \u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4，\u6302\u8f7d\u662f\u5f88\u964c\u751f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a Windows \u5982\u679c\u63a5\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u78c1\u76d8，\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u65b0\u76d8\u7b26\u4e86（\u4f8b\u5982 E:\\\\ \u76d8）\u3002<\/p>\n
Linux \u6ca1\u6709 Windows \u76d8\u7b26\u6982\u5ff5；\u78c1\u76d8\u5fc5\u987b\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u8282\u70b9\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 \u684c\u9762\u7248 Ubuntu \u63d2\u5165 U \u76d8\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d；\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d，\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u770b\u5230\u4e0b\u56fe\u793a\u4f8b，\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u4e24\u5757\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u522b\u4e3a A \u548c B，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 A \u78c1\u76d8\u50a8\u5b58\u6839\u76ee\u5f55，\u79f0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9 B \u78c1\u76d8\u4ec5\u50a8\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6，\u6210\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u76d8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 B \u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/home \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b，\u8fd9\u6837，\u6240\u6709\u50a8\u5b58\u5728 \/home \u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u5165\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u662f B，\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5747\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8 A\u3002<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203310-6add1606d3f13.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u672c\u8282\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907（\u4f8b\u5982U\u76d8\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u786c\u76d8）\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6302\u8f7d\u78c1\u76d8<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u7684 lsblk \u67e5\u770b，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
NAME\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 SIZE TYPE\u00a0MOUNTPOINTS<\/p>\n
sda\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0500G disk<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500sda1\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 500G part\u00a0 \/<\/p>\n
sdb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a064G disk<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500sdb1\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 64G part<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc \/dev\/sda1 \u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/，\u800c\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684 \/dev\/sdb1 \u7684 MOUNTPOINTS \u4e3a\u7a7a，\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u533a，\u4f8b\u5982 \/dev\/sdb1，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u5757\u78c1\u76d8 \/dev\/sdb\u3002<\/p>\n
#1.\u5148lsblk\u786e\u8ba4\u8bbe\u5907，\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0U\u76d8\u5206\u533a \/dev\/sdb1<\/p>\n
#2.\u521b\u5efa\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55
\nsudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/usb<\/p>\n
#3.\u6302\u8f7d\u5206\u533a\u5230\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f7f\u7528mount
\nsudo mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/usb<\/p>\n
#4.\u7528\u5b8c\u5378\u8f7d！！\u62d4\u51faU\u76d8\u524d\u5fc5\u987bumount，\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f
\n#\u6ce8\u610f\u547d\u4ee4\u662fumount，\u4e0d\u662funmount！！
\nsudo umount \/mnt\/usb<\/p>\n
\u8e29\u5751\u63d0\u793a：\u5378\u8f7d\u63d0\u793atarget is busy，\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55，\u5207\u5230\u522b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u518d\u5378\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 Linux \u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
export PATH="\/opt\/myapp\/bin:$PATH"<\/p>\n
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="\/opt\/myapp\/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"<\/p>\n
export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u3002\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48，\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf：PATH \u548c LD_LIBRARY_PATH\u3002<\/p>\n
\u666e\u901a Shell \u53d8\u91cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d Shell\u3002\u4ece\u5f53\u524d Shell \u542f\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u53d8\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d Shell \u542f\u52a8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 export \u5c06\u5176\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n
#\u5bfc\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
\nexport MY_VAR="hello world"<\/p>\n
#\u67e5\u770b\u5168\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
\nenv<\/p>\n
#\u4e34\u65f6\u53ea\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6548，\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883
\nCUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python train.py<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3：<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 env \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a Shell \u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u5728\u4e0a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684 1.7\u8282\u00a0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f，\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d（\u91cd\u542f Shell \u540e\u5931\u6548），\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e4b\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e34\u65f6\u4ec5\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a：<\/p>\n
MY_ENV=my-env-value\u00a0 \u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Python \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5361\u7684\u7528\u6cd5，\u5c31\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python train.py <\/p>\n
PATH \u662f Linux \u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 Shell \u53bb\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u5bfb\u627e\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 echo $PATH \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684 PATH，\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7 : \u5206\u9694\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a PATH \u76ee\u5f55，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8981\u8986\u76d6 PATH，\u800c\u662f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u62fc\u63a5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6 PATH \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u547d\u4ee4 Shell \u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 which \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e：which ls\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa：\/usr\/bin\/ls\u3002\u5373 Shell \u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386 PATH \u540e，\u5728 \/usr\/bin\/ls \u627e\u5230\u4e86 ls \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
#\u67e5\u770bPATH
\necho $PATH<\/p>\n
#\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5PATH=xxx\u4f1a\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u5168\u90e8\u641e\u4e22！！！\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u6cd5
\nexport PATH="\/opt\/myapp\/bin:$PATH"<\/p>\n
#which\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nwhich ls<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916，PATH \u4e2d\u8d8a\u9760\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u547d\u4ee4，Shell \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u627e\u5230\u6392\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a Linux \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u800c\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93，\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u00a0.so \u7ed3\u5c3e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u627e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
libexample.so
\nlibexample.so.1 <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684 PATH \u662f\u544a\u8bc9 Shell \u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u90a3\u4e48 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u76ee\u5f55\u5bfb\u627e\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u540e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u3002
\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH="\/opt\/myapp\/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"<\/p>\n
#ldd\u67e5\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u54ea\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u5e93
\nldd \/usr\/bin\/ls<\/p>\n
\u4e0e PATH \u7c7b\u4f3c，LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f7f\u7528 : \u5206\u9694，\u5e76\u4e14\u9760\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7：<\/p>\n
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="\/path\/a:\/path\/b:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" <\/p>\n
\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 export\u3001alias，\u5173\u95ed\u7ec8\u7aef\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u6548；\u5199\u8fdb.bashrc\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
.bashrc \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/p>\n
.bashrc\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，~\/.bashrc，\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ll \u522b\u540d\u6216\u8005 ls -al \u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
.bashrc \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4efd Shell \u811a\u672c\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f Bash \u65f6，Bash \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5e73\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 Bash \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u8fdb .bashrc，\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u7f16\u8f91
\nnano ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n
（1）\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7，\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06 \/opt\/myapp\/bin \u52a0\u5165 PATH，\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u65f6，\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d Shell \u751f\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a0\u5165 ~\/.bashrc（\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981，\u52a0\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u5373\u53ef）：<\/p>\n
#\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
\nexport PATH="\/opt\/myapp\/bin:$PATH"<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00Bash\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
（2）\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u5b9a\u522b\u540d，\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u540d\u5b57，\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
#\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d，\u7b80\u5316\u957f\u547d\u4ee4
\nalias ll='ls -alF'
\nalias cac='conda activate' <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u6267\u884c alias \u540c\u6837\u53ea\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u751f\u6548，\u5199\u5165 .bashrc \u540e，\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00Bash \u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae .bashrc \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e Shell \u914d\u7f6e，\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u8017\u65f6\u5f88\u957f\u3001\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u5426\u5219\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00 Shell \u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
（3）\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d .bashrc<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539 .bashrc \u540e，\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u7684 Bash \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b0\u7684\u914d\u7f6e，\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f53\u524d Bash \u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c .bashrc：<\/p>\n
#\u5b8c\u6574\u5f62\u5f0f
\nsource ~\/.bashrc
\n#\u7b80\u5199\u7b49\u540c
\n. ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6：source venv\/bin\/activate\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8865\u5145\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
watch \u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4（\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2）\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4，\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u7684\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c，\u9700\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6309 Ctrl + C\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
#\u6bcf2\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u770bGPU\u72b6\u6001
\nwatch nvidia-smi<\/p>\n
#-n \u6307\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u79d2\u6570 du=disk usage \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528 -s \u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u603b\u548c
\n#\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u79d2\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u6b21output\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u591a\u5927
\nwatch -n 1 du -sh .\/output<\/p>\n
>\u00a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6，\u5c4f\u5e55\u770b\u4e0d\u5230；tee \u4e24\u8005\u517c\u987e<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u52a0 -a \u7684 tee \u662f\u8986\u76d6：\u5148\u6e05\u7a7a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6，\u518d\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
#\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef
\nls > files.txt
\n#\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef + \u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6
\nls | tee file.txt
\n#-a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165
\nls | tee -a file.txt<\/p>\n
diff \u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5dee\u5f02：<\/p>\n
#\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u6bd4
\ndiff old.txt new.txt<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9；\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02，\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u683c\u5f0f：<\/p>\n
#-u\u7edf\u4e00\u683c\u5f0f，\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8，+\u65b0\u589e，-\u5220\u9664
\ndiff -u old.txt new.txt<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d：<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
-Hello<\/p>\n
+Hello World <\/p>\n
\u8868\u793a\u539f\u6765\u7684 Hello \u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e86 Hello World\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c uname \u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa Linux，\u5373\u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 -a \u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f，\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528，\u6267\u884c uname -a \u540e，\u6211\u624b\u4e0a\u7684 Ubuntu 24.04.4\u00a0LTS \u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n
#\u6253\u5370\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u6838\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f
\nuname -a<\/p>\n
#\u67e5\u770bUbuntu\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u53f7
\ncat \/etc\/os-release<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203312-6add160882fec.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d，\u6709\u4e9b\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bef\u89e6\u5bfc\u81f4\u770b\u7740\u50cf\u201c\u5361\u4f4f\u201d \u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u7a81\u7136\u6682\u505c：<\/p>\n
| Ctrl+S<\/td>\n | \u7ec8\u7aef\u5361\u4f4f，\u6572\u5b57\u7b26\u65e0\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n | \u6309Ctrl+Q\u6062\u590d\u8f93\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Ctrl+Z<\/td>\n | \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6682\u505c\u6302\u540e\u53f0<\/td>\n | \u8f93\u5165fg\u5207\u56de\u524d\u53f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Ctrl+C<\/td>\n | \u4e2d\u65ad\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d<\/td>\n | \u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Ctrl+D<\/td>\n | \u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d shell<\/td>\n | \u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5f00 \/ \u91cd\u8fde ssh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u7ed3\u8bed：<\/h3>\n\u672c\u7ae0\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u6df1\u6316 inode \u539f\u7406\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801，\u800c\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u75db\u70b9：\u6587\u4ef6\u600e\u4e48\u9ad8\u901f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u600e\u4e48\u6253\u5305\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4efb\u52a1\u600e\u4e48\u9632\u6b62\u65ad\u8fde\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u6392\u67e5\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u548c PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684，\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528：\u7528aria2c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u96c6，tar\u89e3\u538b，grep\u7b5b\u9009\u65e5\u5fd7，tmux\u6302\u8d77\u8bad\u7ec3，htop\u548cnload\u76d1\u63a7\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae：\u4e0d\u8981\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc，\u6536\u85cf\u672c\u6587，\u9047\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u56de\u6765\u590d\u5236\u793a\u4f8b\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u00a0\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1 systemctl\u3001rsync \u540c\u6b65\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899 ufw \u7b49\u8fdb\u9636\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u76ee\u5f55 |
![](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261024203312-6add1608f14c0.jpg\")
<\/p>\n