{"id":117135,"date":"2026-10-22T17:08:27","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T09:08:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117135.html"},"modified":"2026-10-22T17:08:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T09:08:27","slug":"servlet-%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%89%e4%b8%aa%e5%9f%9f%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/117135.html","title":{"rendered":"Servlet \u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"

Servlet \u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h2>\n

Servlet \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002Java Web \u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u57df\u662f request\u3001session\u3001application，\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u3002JSP \u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a pageContext（\u9875\u9762\u57df），\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5c0f，\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u201cServlet \u4e09\u5927\u57df\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e09\u5927\u57df\u603b\u89c8<\/h3>\n\n\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
request<\/td>\nHttpServletRequest<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
session<\/td>\nHttpSession<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td>\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u521b\u5efa\u5230\u5931\u6548（\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u8d85\u65f6）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
application<\/td>\nServletContext<\/td>\n\u6574\u4e2a Web \u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u5173\u95ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4：request < session < application\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001request \u57df<\/h3>\n

\u672c\u8d28：HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42，\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 request \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4：\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u675f，request \u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1，\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

request.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/span>
\nObject<\/span> value =<\/span> request.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/span>
\nrequest.<\/span>removeAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5220\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u65f6，\u5728 Servlet \u4e2d\u5b58\u6570\u636e，JSP \u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a Servlet \u4e2d\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \/\/ Servlet \u4e2d<\/span>
    \nrequest.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"msg"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u7528\u6237\u540d\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nrequest.<\/span>getRequestDispatcher<\/span>(<\/span>"\/login.jsp"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>forward<\/span>(<\/span>request,<\/span> response)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ login.jsp \u4e2d<\/span>
    \n${<\/span>msg}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1（forward）\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a request，\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab；\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（redirect）\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，request \u57df\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728 Spring MVC \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Controller \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570 HttpServletRequest request<\/li>\n
    • Model\u3001ModelMap\u3001ModelAndView \u5e95\u5c42\u4e5f\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165 request \u57df<\/li>\n
    • @RequestAttribute \u8bfb\u53d6 request \u57df<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      @GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/login"<\/span>)<\/span>
      \npublic<\/span> String<\/span> login<\/span>(<\/span>Model<\/span> model)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n model.<\/span>addAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"msg"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u7528\u6237\u540d\u6216\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u8bef"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n return<\/span> "login"<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165 request \u57df<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4e09\u3001session \u57df<\/h3>\n

      \u672c\u8d28：HttpSession \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd，\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4：\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 session\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u521b\u5efa：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 request.getSession() \u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9500\u6bc1：\u8c03\u7528 session.invalidate()\u3001\u8d85\u8fc7 maxInactiveInterval \u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5173\u95ed（\u4f1a\u8bdd Cookie \u5931\u6548）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

        HttpSession<\/span> session =<\/span> request.<\/span>getSession<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u521b\u5efa<\/span>
        \nsession.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"user"<\/span>,<\/span> user)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/span>
        \nObject<\/span> user =<\/span> session.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"user"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/span>
        \nsession.<\/span>removeAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"user"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5220\u6570\u636e<\/span>
        \nsession.<\/span>invalidate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9500\u6bc1\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4fdd\u5b58\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u4fdd\u5b58\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u4fdd\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \/\/ \u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u540e<\/span>
          \nUser<\/span> user =<\/span> userService.<\/span>login<\/span>(<\/span>username,<\/span> password)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nrequest.<\/span>getSession<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"loginUser"<\/span>,<\/span> user)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u767b\u5f55<\/span>
          \nUser<\/span> user =<\/span> (<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span> request.<\/span>getSession<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"loginUser"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nif<\/span> (<\/span>user ==<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
          \n response.<\/span>sendRedirect<\/span>(<\/span>"\/login"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728 Spring MVC \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Controller \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570 HttpSession session<\/li>\n
          • @SessionAttribute \u8bfb\u53d6 session \u57df<\/li>\n
          • @SessionAttributes \u628a Model \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6682\u5b58\u5230 session<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            @GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/profile"<\/span>)<\/span>
            \npublic<\/span> String<\/span> profile<\/span>(<\/span>HttpSession<\/span> session)<\/span> {<\/span>
            \n User<\/span> user =<\/span> (<\/span>User<\/span>)<\/span> session.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"loginUser"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n return<\/span> "profile"<\/span>;<\/span>
            \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u56db\u3001application \u57df<\/h3>\n

            \u672c\u8d28：ServletContext \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a Web \u5e94\u7528，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4：\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a ServletContext\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

            ServletContext<\/span> context =<\/span> request.<\/span>getServletContext<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \ncontext.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"count"<\/span>,<\/span> 100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/span>
            \nObject<\/span> count =<\/span> context.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"count"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/span>
            \ncontext.<\/span>removeAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"count"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5220\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668（\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf<\/span>
              \nServletContext<\/span> context =<\/span> request.<\/span>getServletContext<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nInteger<\/span> count =<\/span> (<\/span>Integer<\/span>)<\/span> context.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"visitCount"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nif<\/span> (<\/span>count ==<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n count =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n count++<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span>
              \ncontext.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"visitCount"<\/span>,<\/span> count)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u6ce8\u610f：application \u57df\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u5171\u4eab\u7684，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u573a\u666f\u5e94\u8be5\u7528 AtomicInteger\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5728 Spring MVC \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Controller \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570 ServletContext<\/li>\n
              • @ApplicationScope（Spring 5.3+）\u8bfb\u53d6 application \u57df<\/li>\n
              • Spring \u7684 ApplicationContext \u548c ServletContext \u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 WebApplicationContextUtils \u83b7\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                @GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/count"<\/span>)<\/span>
                \npublic<\/span> String<\/span> count<\/span>(<\/span>ServletContext<\/span> context)<\/span> {<\/span>
                \n AtomicInteger<\/span> count =<\/span> (<\/span>AtomicInteger<\/span>)<\/span> context.<\/span>getAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"visitCount"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \n count.<\/span>incrementAndGet<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \n return<\/span> "count"<\/span>;<\/span>
                \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u4e94\u3001pageContext \u57df（\u8865\u5145）<\/h3>\n

                JSP \u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709 pageContext，\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u5f53\u524d JSP \u9875\u9762，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d JSP \u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e Servlet \u4e09\u5927\u57df，\u4f46\u5728 JSP \u4e2d\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n

                <% pageContext.setAttribute("name", "\u5f20\u4e09"); %>
                \n<%= pageContext.getAttribute("name") %><\/p>\n

                \u8303\u56f4：pageContext < request < session < application\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u516d\u3001\u4e09\u5927\u57df\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6requestsessionapplication<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nHttpServletRequest<\/td>\nHttpSession<\/td>\nServletContext<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u8303\u56f4<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/td>\n\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u673a<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 getSession()<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u9500\u6bc1\u65f6\u673a<\/td>\n\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5931\u6548<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u5173\u95ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb<\/td>\n\u5929\u7136\u9694\u79bb<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u72ec\u7acb<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u540c\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u53d1\u9700\u6ce8\u610f<\/td>\n\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u53d1\u9700\u6ce8\u610f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u5178\u578b\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66<\/td>\n\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u4e03\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n\n\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u6d3b\u591a\u4e45\u9009\u62e9<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                \u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u6709\u6548<\/td>\nrequest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5185\u6709\u6548<\/td>\nsession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u5185\u6709\u6548<\/td>\napplication<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5：\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7ed9\u8c01\u770b\u7684，\u5c31\u653e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u53ea\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9875\u9762\u770b \u2192 request<\/li>\n
                • \u53ea\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u770b \u2192 session<\/li>\n
                • \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u770b \u2192 application<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u516b\u3001\u5728 Spring MVC \u4e2d\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u89e3<\/h3>\n

                  Spring MVC \u5e95\u5c42\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u4e8e Servlet，\u4e09\u5927\u57df\u5728 Spring MVC \u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728，\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\nServlet \u57dfSpring MVC \u5bf9\u5e94<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                  request<\/td>\nHttpServletRequest\u3001Model\u3001ModelMap\u3001ModelAndView\u3001@RequestAttribute<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  session<\/td>\nHttpSession\u3001@SessionAttribute\u3001@SessionAttributes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  application<\/td>\nServletContext\u3001@ApplicationScope<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  Controller \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u58f0\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570，Spring \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165：<\/p>\n

                  @GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>"\/demo"<\/span>)<\/span>
                  \npublic<\/span> String<\/span> demo<\/span>(<\/span>HttpServletRequest<\/span> request,<\/span>
                  \n HttpSession<\/span> session,<\/span>
                  \n ServletContext<\/span> context)<\/span> {<\/span>
                  \n request.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"req"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u8bf7\u6c42\u57df"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n session.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"sess"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u4f1a\u8bdd\u57df"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n context.<\/span>setAttribute<\/span>(<\/span>"app"<\/span>,<\/span> "\u5e94\u7528\u57df"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n return<\/span> "demo"<\/span>;<\/span>
                  \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\u57df\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u660e\u5e38\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
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