{"id":116994,"date":"2026-10-22T10:07:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T02:07:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116994.html"},"modified":"2026-10-22T10:07:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T02:07:39","slug":"%e3%80%90rust%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e7%bb%83%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%a6%e3%80%91%e7%ac%ac5%e8%af%be%ef%bc%9a%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%80%9f%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116994.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Rust\u5165\u95e8\u7ec3\u4e2d\u5b66\u3011\u7b2c5\u8bfe\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u501f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 &amp;T\u3001&amp;mut T\u3001\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528\u3001NLL\u3001\u5207\u7247 &amp;str \u4e0e &amp;[T]&#xff0c;\u5e76\u80fd\u7528\u501f\u7528\u601d\u7ef4\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u8bf4\u8d77<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/li>\n<li>2. \u501f\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>3. \u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u5f31\u5316\u7248\u6307\u9488&#034;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;T\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a<\/li>\n<li>2. \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n<li>3. \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;mut T\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>2. \u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li>3. \u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>4. NLL&#xff1a;\u975e\u8bcd\u6cd5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e94\u3001\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<li>\u516d\u3001\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li>2. \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u4e00&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/li>\n<li>3. \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5207\u7247<\/li>\n<li>4. \u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e03\u3001\u5207\u7247&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5207\u7247 &amp;str<\/li>\n<li>2. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u5c31\u662f &amp;str<\/li>\n<li>3. &amp;str vs &amp;String<\/li>\n<li>4. \u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247 &amp;[T]<\/li>\n<li>5. \u5207\u7247\u662f&#034;\u80d6\u6307\u9488&#034;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u516b\u3001\u501f\u7528\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u53c2\u6570\u7528\u501f\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>2. \u8fd4\u56de\u501f\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u503c&#xff1f;<\/li>\n<li>3. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6301\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u9700\u8981\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6807\u6ce8<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u501f\u7528\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e5d\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7ec3\u4e60\u9898&#xff08;\u542b\u7b54\u6848\u4e0e\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5341\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3&#xff08;\u7b2c5\u8bfe&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bfe\u9884\u544a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u8bf4\u8d77<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c4\u8bfe\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053&#xff0c;\u628a String \u4f20\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u79fb\u52a8&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c s \u5df2\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7b28\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u529e\u6cd5\u4e00&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8fd8\u56de\u6765<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    s                    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd8\u56de\u53bb<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u6536<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u8981\u201c\u501f\u4e86\u8fd8\u201d&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u566a\u97f3\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u529e\u6cd5\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4efd<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">clone<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u590d\u5236\u5806\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u51e0 MB&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5c31\u5927\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u4ea4\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u672c\u8282\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB 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path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .node .label,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-dmWM68QsRWc9qvKB :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u628a String \u4f20\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e00: \u51fd\u6570\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8fd8\u56de\u6765<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c: \u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4efd<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u4e09: \u501f\u7528\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u8981\u501f\u4e86\u8fd8, \u4ee3\u7801\u566a\u97f3\u5927<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u590d\u5236\u5806\u5185\u5b58, \u4ee3\u4ef7\u5927<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ea4\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e \u2705<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;reference&#xff09;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u5757\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u90a3\u5757\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>              <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r \u662f &amp;String&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411 s<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ s \u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a&#xff0c;s \u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u5b58\u7740\u201c\u6307\u9488 &#043; \u957f\u5ea6 &#043; \u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\u4e09\u8981\u7d20&#xff0c;\u5806\u4e0a\u5b58\u7740 &#034;hello&#034;\u3002r \u662f\u6808\u4e0a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5b58\u7740\u6307\u5411 s \u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6808                          \u5806<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 s            \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  ptr \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502  len: 5      \u2502        \u2502 &#034;hello&#034; \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  cap: 5      \u2502        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 r            \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  ptr \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba s<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/p>\n<p>r \u6307\u5411 s&#xff0c;s \u6307\u5411\u5806\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee r \u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u501f\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u672c\u4e66&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>let s &#061; String::from(&#034;hello&#034;) \u2014\u2014 \u4f60\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66&#xff0c;\u4f60\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba<\/li>\n<li>print_str(s) \u2014\u2014 \u4f60\u628a\u4e66\u9001\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba&#xff0c;\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86<\/li>\n<li>print_str(&amp;s) \u2014\u2014 \u4f60\u628a\u4e66\u501f\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u770b&#xff0c;\u4e66\u8fd8\u662f\u4f60\u7684<\/li>\n<li>print_str(&amp;mut s) \u2014\u2014 \u4f60\u628a\u4e66\u501f\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u505a\u7b14\u8bb0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u501f\u4e66\u671f\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4ecd\u5728\u4f60\u624b\u91cc&#xff0c;\u4f46\u501f\u9605\u89c4\u5219\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4f60\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u4e66\u65f6\u628a\u4e66\u6495\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u8ba9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f80\u4e0a\u9762\u5199\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>Rust \u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">len<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e (*r).len()<\/span><\/p>\n<p>r.len() \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u5728 &amp;String \u4e0a\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u5230 String \u518d\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u53eb Deref \u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5f31\u5316\u7248\u6307\u9488\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u3002Rust \u91cc\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u643a\u5e26\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u8ffd\u8e2a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u80fd\u6d3b\u591a\u4e45\u3001\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust \u5f15\u7528\u548c C \u6307\u9488\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .label text,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node rect,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node circle,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node .label,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-LROtmBGStWclAXgY :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5806\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6808\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>ptr \u6307\u5411<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>ptr \u6307\u5411<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>s: Stringptr | len | cap<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>r: &amp;Stringptr<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>hello<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;T<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u540c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u5b58&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4fee\u6539<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r.push_str(&#034; world&#034;);   \/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">calculate_length<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">usize<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">len<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> len <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">calculate_length<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ s \u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u662f &amp;String&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4f20 &amp;s\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u62ff\u5230\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u62ff\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u540e s \u5b8c\u597d\u65e0\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a\u6b62&#xff08;NLL \u89c4\u5219&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r \u8bde\u751f<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb r \u4e0d\u518d\u6d3b\u8dc3<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u501f\u7528\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u5f88\u5173\u952e&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u7528\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;mut T<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u7528 &amp;mut&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    r<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ hello world<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ hello world<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5904\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a mut<\/li>\n<li>\u501f\u7528\u65f6\u7528 &amp;mut<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7c7b\u578b\u662f &amp;mut T<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c \u5df2\u6709\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>error[E0499]: cannot borrow &#096;s&#096; as mutable more than once at a time<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f; \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002Rust \u4ece\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u675c\u7edd\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u5b58<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u7406&#xff1a;\u6709\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. NLL&#xff1a;\u975e\u8bcd\u6cd5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u70b9&#xff1a;Rust \u5224\u65ad\u501f\u7528\u51b2\u7a81\u770b\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r1\u3001r2 \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 r1\u3001r2 \u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a r1\u3001r2 \u5728 println! \u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u3002r3 \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NLL&#xff08;Non-Lexical Lifetimes&#xff09;\u662f Rust 2018 \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u201c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u201d\u4ece\u201c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u201d\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u7528\u6d3b\u5230\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6d3b\u5230\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u4e00&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u6548&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u60ac\u5782\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6982\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u4eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8&#xff0c;\u72ec\u5360\u53ef\u53d8\u3002&#xff08;Shared immutable, exclusive mutable.&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bfb\u8005&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u8005&#xff1a;\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<li>\u8bfb\u5199\u4e92\u65a5&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fb9\u8bfb\u8fb9\u5199<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f Rust \u53d1\u660e\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u3002Rust \u628a\u5b83\u4ece\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5f3a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981&#xff1f; \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u56db\u7c7b bug&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5199&#xff0c;\u6216\u4e00\u8bfb\u4e00\u5199<\/li>\n<li>\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5931\u6548&#xff1a;\u904d\u5386\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u96c6\u5408\u5bfc\u81f4\u6307\u9488\u60ac\u5782<\/li>\n<li>\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u5728\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u522b\u540d\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u82b1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c&#xff0c;Rust \u7528\u4e00\u6761\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u89c4\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u6765\u6982\u62ec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes 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.edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .label text,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node rect,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node circle,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node .label,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-alv55Q7jvcexUU4g :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;T<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;mut T<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 &#043; \u53ef\u53d8\u6df7\u5408<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f15\u7528?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u5141\u8bb8\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u8bfb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u5141\u8bb8\u72ec\u5360\u5199<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u7981\u6b62\u8bfb\u5199\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u7981\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u4eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8, \u72ec\u5360\u53ef\u53d8<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528&#xff08;dangling reference&#xff09;\u662f\u6307\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u91ca\u653e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">dangle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ s \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff0c;\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8005&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6807\u6ce8&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>error[E0515]: cannot return reference to local variable &#096;s&#096;<\/p>\n<p>s \u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u88ab drop&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;Rust \u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u6321\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u4e00&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">no_dangle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    s      <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u6240\u6709\u6743\u51fa\u53bb<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u4f20\u5165\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5207\u7247<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> bytes <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">as_bytes<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> bytes<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">iter<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">enumerate<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">b&#039; &#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    s<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>              <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c s \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u521b\u5efa<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>                        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ s \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab drop<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r \u6307\u5411\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u62a5\u9519 s does not live long enough\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a r \u5728\u540e\u9762\u4ecd\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46 s \u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear 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ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .label text,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node rect,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node circle,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node .label,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-Fwnvu0wvOJPcnBgY :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u5411\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u5411\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u54ea\u91cc?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u274c \u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab drop<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b58\u6d3b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u5b89\u5168\u79fb\u52a8\u6240\u6709\u6743\u51fa\u53bb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519E0515 \/ E0106<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001\u5207\u7247&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5207\u7247 &amp;str<\/h4>\n<p>\u5207\u7247\u662f\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> hello <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#034;hello&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> world <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#034;world&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> all <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> from6 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 6 \u5230\u672b\u5c3e<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> to5 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5230\u7d22\u5f15 5&#xff08;\u4e0d\u542b&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f &amp;s[start..end]&#xff0c;\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u3002start \u548c end \u662f\u5b57\u8282\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u5c31\u662f &amp;str<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u91cc&#xff08;\u9759\u6001\u533a&#xff09;&#xff0c;s \u662f\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u7c7b\u578b &amp;&#039;static str&#xff0c;&#039;static \u8868\u793a\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u5bff\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3. &amp;str vs &amp;String<\/h4>\n<p>&amp;String&#xff1a;\u6307\u5411 String \u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a String \u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&amp;str&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5207\u7247&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea String\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>         <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 &amp;String \u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c &amp;str&#xff08;Deref \u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f &amp;str<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u5207\u7247\u4e5f\u662f &amp;str<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u7528 &amp;str&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u540c\u7406 &amp;[T] \u4f18\u4e8e &amp;Vec&lt;T&gt;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247 &amp;[T]<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> part <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>arr<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ [2, 3, 4]<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{:?}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> part<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token macro property\">vec!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">40<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> vpart <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>v<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ [30, 40]<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{:?}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> vpart<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u548c Vec&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">sum<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>slice<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">i32<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">i32<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    slice<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">iter<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">sum<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token macro property\">vec!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sum<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>arr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 6<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">sum<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>v<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 15<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&amp;[i32] \u662f\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u201d&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u548c Vec \u90fd\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u6210\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust API \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u6700\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7528\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u5207\u7247\u662f\u201c\u80d6\u6307\u9488\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u5207\u7247\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5e26\u957f\u5ea6\u300264 \u4f4d\u673a\u4e0a\u5360 16 \u5b57\u8282&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>&amp;[T] &#061; (\u6307\u9488: 8 \u5b57\u8282, \u957f\u5ea6: 8 \u5b57\u8282)<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5207\u7247\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6 Rust \u80fd\u505a\u8fb9\u754c\u68c0\u67e5&#xff0c;\u8d8a\u754c\u4f1a panic&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u5230\u5783\u573e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5207\u7247\u6bd4\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ea\u662f\u591a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u5b58\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516b\u3001\u501f\u7528\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u53c2\u6570\u7528\u501f\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cd5\u5219&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 \u2192 &amp;T&#xff08;\u6216 &amp;str\u3001&amp;[T]&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539 \u2192 &amp;mut T<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u8f6c\u79fb \u2192 T&#xff08;\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8d39\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u503c \u2192 T \u4f20\u5165&#xff0c;\u65b0\u503c\u8fd4\u56de<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">read_only<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>              <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ea\u8bfb<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">modify<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4fee\u6539<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">store<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u62ff\u8d70\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. \u8fd4\u56de\u501f\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u503c&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u501f\u7528&#xff1a;\u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4ecd\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8230;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u503c&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">make_greeting<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>name<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">format!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello, {}!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> name<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">bad<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6301\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u9700\u8981\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6807\u6ce8<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token type-definition class-name\">Excerpt<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">&#039;a<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    part<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">&#039;a<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> ex <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Excerpt<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> part<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> ex<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>part<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#039;a \u8868\u793a Excerpt \u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u5f97\u6bd4\u5b83\u501f\u7528\u7684 s \u66f4\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528&#xff0c;\u7b2c10\u8bfe\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u501f\u7528\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n<p>\u521d\u5b66\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u4e0d\u8981 &amp;\u201d\u7684\u7ea0\u7ed3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u601d\u8def&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5148\u5199\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7248\u672c&#xff08;T&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5b83\u8dd1\u901a<\/li>\n<li>\u770b\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u793a\u201cvalue moved\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u52a0 &amp;<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570\u80fd\u501f\u5c31\u501f&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f18\u5148\u65b0\u503c&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u660e\u786e\u8981\u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u8981\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\u7684&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u4e00\u904d\u904d\u6559\u4f60\u3002\u5199\u5f97\u591a\u4e86&#xff0c;\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u501f\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u6765\u603b\u7ed3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .label text,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node rect,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node circle,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node .label,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-ElGdknNEMG5AyVCl :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u8d39\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u503c<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 &amp;T\u6216 &amp;str \/ &amp;[T]<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 &amp;mut T<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 T\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>T \u4f20\u5165, \u65b0\u503c\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u6700\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c: \u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u7528 &amp;str\u65b0\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7528 String<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u4e5d\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7ec3\u4e60\u9898&#xff08;\u542b\u7b54\u6848\u4e0e\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<h4>&#x1f7e2; \u7ec3\u4e60 1&#xff08;\u57fa\u7840&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u501f\u7528\u800c\u975e\u79fb\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>\u8981\u6c42&#xff1a;\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u6539\u6210\u501f\u7528&#xff0c;\u8ba9 main \u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u540e s \u4ecd\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u60f3\u518d\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">print_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u7528 &amp;str \u6bd4 &amp;String \u66f4\u597d\u3002&amp;String \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u6210 &amp;str&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20 &amp;s \u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust API \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f7e2; \u7ec3\u4e60 2&#xff08;\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4fee\u590d\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">add_world<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">add_world<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">add_world<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ hello world<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5c31\u5f97\u7528 &amp;mut\u3002\u4e09\u5904\u914d\u5408&#xff1a;\u539f\u53d8\u91cf mut&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u5904 &amp;mut s&#xff0c;\u53c2\u6570\u58f0\u660e &amp;mut String\u3002\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 &amp;mut str&#xff0c;\u4f46 str \u662f\u5b9a\u957f\u7684&#xff0c;push_str \u9700\u8981 String&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u7528 &amp;mut String\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f7e1; \u7ec3\u4e60 3&#xff08;\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u5426\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>error[E0502]: cannot borrow &#096;s&#096; as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;r1\u3001r2 \u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u5728 println! \u91cc\u4ecd\u7136\u6d3b\u8dc3&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6 r3 &#061; &amp;mut s \u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5148\u6253\u5370 r1\u3001r2&#xff0c;\u518d\u521b\u5efa r3&#xff0c;\u6216\u7528 NLL \u8ba9 r1\u3001r2 \u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{} {}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r1\u3001r2 \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>             <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f7e1; \u7ec3\u4e60 4&#xff08;NLL&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u5417&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;r1 \u5728 println!(&#034;{}&#034;, r1) \u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u3002NLL \u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u201cr1 \u6b7b\u4e86\u201d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 r2 &#061; &amp;mut s \u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust 2018 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u770b\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f7e1; \u7ec3\u4e60 5&#xff08;\u5207\u7247&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u4e32<\/h4>\n<p>\u8981\u6c42&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u5b9a let s &#061; String::from(&#034;hello world&#034;);&#xff0c;\u63d0\u53d6 &#034;world&#034; \u5e76\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> world <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> world<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u5207\u7247\u8bed\u6cd5 &amp;s[start..end]&#xff0c;\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u3002&#034;hello&#034; \u662f 5 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u7a7a\u683c 1 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5 &#034;world&#034; \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 6 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 &amp;s[6..] \u8868\u793a\u4ece 6 \u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u5207\u7247\u662f\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f534; \u7ec3\u4e60 6&#xff08;\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5207\u7247&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u627e\u51fa\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> bytes <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">as_bytes<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> bytes<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">iter<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">enumerate<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">b&#039; &#039;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    s<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> word <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> word<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u5417&#xff1f;\u5982\u679c\u80fd&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u8f93\u51fa hello\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536 &amp;str \u8fd4\u56de &amp;str&#xff0c;\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u540c\u5bff\u547d\u201d\u3002&amp;s[..i] \u8fd4\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u524d\u7684\u5207\u7247\u3002i \u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de &#034;hello&#034;\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d fn first_word(s: &amp;str) -&gt; &amp;str \u662f Rust \u5b98\u65b9\u4e66\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff0c;\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7701\u7565\u89c4\u5219\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u5199 &#039;a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f534; \u7ec3\u4e60 7&#xff08;\u7efc\u5408&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u627e\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/h4>\n<p>\u8981\u6c42&#xff1a;\u5199\u51fd\u6570 fn max(slice: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5207\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">max<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>slice<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">i32<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">i32<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> m <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> slice<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>x <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> slice <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> m <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            m <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    m<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> arr <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">7<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">9<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">max<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>arr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 9<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token macro property\">vec!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">max<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>v<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 100<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u53c2\u6570\u7528 &amp;[i32] \u5207\u7247&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u548c Vec \u90fd\u80fd\u4f20\u3002for &amp;x in slice \u4e2d &amp;x \u662f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d&#xff0c;\u89e3\u6784\u51fa i32&#xff08;Copy \u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;\u3002m \u9700\u8981 mut&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u7528 &amp;[i32] \u800c\u4e0d\u662f &amp;[i32; 5]&#xff0c;\u901a\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f534; \u7ec3\u4e60 8&#xff08;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u501f\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5224\u65ad\u80fd\u5426\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token type-definition class-name\">Holder<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    data<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> h <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Holder<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> data<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> h<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>data<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6301\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u6807\u6ce8\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token type-definition class-name\">Holder<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">&#039;a<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    data<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token lifetime-annotation symbol\">&#039;a<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#039;a \u8868\u793a Holder \u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u5f97\u6bd4\u5b83\u501f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c31\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5 h \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728 s \u6b7b\u540e\u8fd8\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u52a0 &lt;&#039;a&gt; \u548c &amp;&#039;a \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6301\u6709 String&#xff08;\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u501f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 1&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 Rust \u8981\u9650\u5236\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u5b58\u201d&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff08;data race&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6307\u9488\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5199&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u662f\u5e76\u53d1 bug \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rust \u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u8981\u4e48\u591a\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff08;\u5b89\u5168&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5199&#xff08;\u72ec\u5360&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e2e\u4f60\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5199&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> v <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token macro property\">vec!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>v<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>              <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u5141\u8bb8<\/span><br \/>\nv<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>                   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ push \u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>           <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ r \u6307\u5411\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58&#xff01;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>push \u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5806\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u65e7\u7684\u5f15\u7528 r \u5c31\u60ac\u5782\u4e86\u3002Rust \u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u675c\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f Rust \u201c\u65e0\u754f\u5e76\u53d1\u201d&#xff08;fearless concurrency&#xff09;\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5e76\u53d1 bug \u5728 Rust \u91cc\u6839\u672c\u5199\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u5927\u91cf bug \u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 2&#xff1a;&amp;String \u548c &amp;str \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b&#xff1f;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u63a8\u8350 &amp;str&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>&amp;String \u662f\u6307\u5411 String \u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a String \u53d8\u91cf\u3002&amp;str \u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5207\u7247&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea String\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8350 &amp;str \u7684\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u3002&amp;String \u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u6210 &amp;str&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20 &amp;String \u7ed9 &amp;str \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e0d\u884c\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u662f &amp;str&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f20\u7ed9 &amp;String \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 &amp;String \u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c &amp;str<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f &amp;str<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705 \u5207\u7247\u4e5f\u662f &amp;str<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u662f &amp;String&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">g<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">g<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u2705<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">g<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u274c \u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f Rust \u7684 Deref \u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982 &amp;str \u800c\u975e &amp;String&#xff0c;&amp;[T] \u800c\u975e &amp;Vec&lt;T&gt;\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u5fc3\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u3001String \u8fd8\u662f\u5207\u7247\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust API \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 3&#xff1a;\u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5417&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5207\u7247\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u80d6\u6307\u9488\u201d&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a;\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u501f\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> w <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ w \u53ea\u662f\u6307\u5411 s \u4e2d\u7b2c 6 \u5230 11 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u6808                          \u5806<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 s            \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  ptr \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502  len: 11     \u2502        \u2502 &#034;hello world&#034;   \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  cap: 11     \u2502        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<br \/>\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510<br \/>\n\u2502 w            \u2502<br \/>\n\u2502  ptr \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba s \u7684\u7b2c 6 \u5b57\u8282<br \/>\n\u2502  len: 5      \u2502<br \/>\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u5207\u7247\u7684\u96f6\u590d\u5236\u7279\u6027\u8ba9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002&amp;s[..] \u548c s.clone() \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;\u524d\u8005\u662f\u501f\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff0c;\u540e\u8005\u662f\u590d\u5236\u5806\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5207\u7247\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ea\u6709 16 \u5b57\u8282&#xff08;64 \u4f4d\u673a\u4e0a\u6307\u9488\u52a0\u957f\u5ea6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u65e0\u8bba\u539f\u6570\u636e\u591a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 4&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 first_word \u8fd4\u56de &amp;str \u800c\u4e0d\u662f String&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de &amp;str \u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">&#8230;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 &amp;str \u501f\u7528\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u96f6\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de String&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">first_word<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u6bb5\u51fa\u6765<\/span><br \/>\n    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">..<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">to_string<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u53d6\u5b50\u4e32\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5f00\u9500\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd4\u56de &amp;str \u6709\u7ea6\u675f&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81ea\u53c2\u6570&#xff08;\u6216 &#039;static \u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ddf\u7740\u8c01\u3002first_word \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5207\u7247\u6765\u81ea s&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u8ddf\u7740 s\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f Rust \u201c\u501f\u7528\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5c31\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u591a\u662f\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u5207\u7247\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8fd4\u56de Option&lt;&amp;str&gt;\u201d&#xff0c;\u6781\u5c11\u590d\u5236\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u8fd4\u56de String\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 5&#xff1a;&amp;mut T \u548c T \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u9009&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u7528 &amp;mut T&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u60f3\u62ff\u8d70\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u540e\u7eed\u8fd8\u8981\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">append<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    s<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">push_str<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">append<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ hi!&#xff0c;s \u4ecd\u53ef\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7528 T&#xff1a;\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8d39\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u6216\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u8d77\u6765&#xff08;\u6bd4\u5982\u5b58\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"token function-definition function\">store<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u628a s \u5b58\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hi&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">store<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ s \u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u6539\u5b8c&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u8fd8\u8981\u7528 \u2192 &amp;mut T<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u6539\u5b8c&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u4e0d\u518d\u7528&#xff0c;\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u5b58\u8d77\u6765 \u2192 T<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u503c&#xff0c;\u65e7\u7684\u5c31\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86 \u2192 T \u4f20\u5165&#xff0c;\u65b0\u503c\u8fd4\u56de<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;&amp;mut T \u662f\u201c\u501f\u51fa\u53bb\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd8\u56de\u6765\u201d&#xff0c;T \u662f\u201c\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4e0d\u8fd8\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1 API \u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u501f\u7528&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u6240\u6709\u6743\u518d\u4f20 T\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>&#x1f535; \u601d\u8003\u9898 6&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u6d3b\u5230\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u201d&#xff1f;<\/h4>\n<p> \u53c2\u8003\u7b54\u6848 <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f NLL&#xff08;\u975e\u8bcd\u6cd5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff09;\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Rust 2018 \u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u662f\u8bcd\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u57df&#xff1a;\u4ece\u58f0\u660e\u5904\u5230\u6240\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u8bef\u5224\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">String<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">from<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\">println!<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;{}&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> r<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>       <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6309\u65e7\u89c4\u5219&#xff0c;r \u6d3b\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">let<\/span> r2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">mut<\/span> s<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u65e7\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u274c \u51b2\u7a81<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Rust 2018 \u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u505a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6027\u5206\u6790&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5c31\u201c\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u518d\u53c2\u4e0e\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u89c9&#xff1a;\u7528\u5b8c\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u58f0\u660e\u5728\u54ea\u5c31\u6d3b\u5230\u54ea\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5148\u8bfb\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u518d\u6539&#xff09;\u81ea\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u8bfb&#xff1a;NLL \u662f Rust \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5bbd\u5b89\u5168\u6027&#xff08;\u6240\u6709\u68c0\u67e5\u4f9d\u7136\u4e25\u683c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u8ba9\u201c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u3002\u7406\u89e3 NLL&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e9b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5374\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3&#xff08;\u7b2c5\u8bfe&#xff09;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;&amp;T \u501f\u7528\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;&amp;mut T&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u591a\u4e2a &amp;T&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a &amp;mut T\u3002\u5171\u4eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8&#xff0c;\u72ec\u5360\u53ef\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NLL&#xff1a;\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u770b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u6743&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u501f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5207\u7247&#xff1a;&amp;str&#xff0c;\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f &amp;str\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247&#xff1a;&amp;[T]&#xff0c;\u6bd4 &amp;[T; N] \u66f4\u901a\u7528&#xff0c;\u6570\u7ec4\u548c Vec \u90fd\u80fd\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&amp;str vs &amp;String&#xff1a;&amp;str \u66f4\u901a\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f18\u5148\u7528 &amp;str \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5207\u7247\u662f\u80d6\u6307\u9488&#xff1a;\u6307\u9488\u52a0\u957f\u5ea6&#xff0c;16 \u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Deref \u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;&amp;String \u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c &amp;str&#xff0c;&amp;Vec&lt;T&gt; \u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c &amp;[T]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u60ef\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u7528 &amp;str \u800c\u975e &amp;String&#xff0c;\u7528 &amp;[T] \u800c\u975e &amp;Vec&lt;T&gt;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6301\u6709\u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;\u9700\u8981\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6807\u6ce8 &lt;&#039;a&gt;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027&#xff1a;\u5148\u5199\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7248\u672c&#xff0c;\u9760\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63d0\u793a\u9010\u6b65\u52a0 &amp;&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u7ea0\u7ed3\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bfe\u9884\u544a<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c6\u8bfe&#xff1a;\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 struct<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e0e\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/li>\n<li>impl \u5757\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>self\u3001&amp;self\u3001&amp;mut self<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e :: \u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&#x1f4cc; \u672c\u8bfe\u5fc3\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u501f\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u201c\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u201d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6743\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u8c01\u62e5\u6709\u201d&#xff0c;\u501f\u7528\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u8c01\u5728\u770b\u201d\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u8981\u4e48\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u770b&#xff0c;\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u6539\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7b80\u5355&#xff0c;\u5a01\u529b\u5de8\u5927\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u65e0\u5904\u9041\u5f62\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u501f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f&#xff1a;\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4f60\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u8bf4\u51fa\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u6d3b\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 &amp;T\u3001&amp;mut T\u3001\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u60ac\u5782\u5f15\u7528\u3001NLL\u3001\u5207\u7247 &amp;str \u4e0e &amp;[T]&#xff0c;\u5e76\u80fd\u7528\u501f\u7528\u601d\u7ef4\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u8bf4\u8d77\u4e8c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u672c\u8d28 1. \u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e482. \u501f\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u578b3. \u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u5f15\u75284. \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\\&#8221;\u5f31\u5316\u7248\u6307\u9488\\&#8221; \u4e09\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;T 1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a2. \u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4fee\u65393. \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u75284. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df \u56db\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u5f15\u7528 &amp;mut T 1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd52. 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