{"id":116845,"date":"2026-10-22T06:49:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T22:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html"},"modified":"2026-10-22T06:49:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T22:49:23","slug":"%e7%ac%ac1%e8%ae%b2%ef%bc%9ac-%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1. C&#043;&#043;\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/li>\n<li>2. C&#043;&#043;\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n<li>2.1 C&#043;&#043;\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0<\/li>\n<li>2.2 \u5173\u4e8eC&#043;&#043;23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b<\/li>\n<li>3. C&#043;&#043;\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863<\/li>\n<li>4. C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n<li>5. C&#043;&#043;\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350<\/li>\n<li>6. C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>7. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>8. C&#043;&#043;\u8f93\u5165&amp;\u8f93\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>9. \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>10. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li>11. \u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<li>12. inline<\/li>\n<li>13. nullptr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1. C&#043;&#043;\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001STL\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<h3>2. C&#043;&#043;\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2<\/h3>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301979\u5e74&#xff0c;\u5f53\u65f6Bjarne Stroustrup(\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7279\u5362\u666e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5dee\u5f02)\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ece\u4e8b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u8bed\u8a00&#xff08;\u5982C\u8bed\u8a00&#xff09;\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1983\u5e74&#xff0c;Bjarne Stroustrup\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e86C&#043;&#043;\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u96cf\u5f62&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u7684C&#043;&#043;\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u7c7b\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u4e3aC&#043;&#043;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u591a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06C&#043;&#043;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9996\u9009\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u677f\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aANSI\u548cISO&#xff08;International Standards Organization&#xff09;\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8054\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u30021994\u5e74\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8349\u6848\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8349\u6848\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7279\u5362\u666e\u6700\u521d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u65b0\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b8c\u6210C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8349\u6848\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45&#xff0c;STL&#xff08;Standard Template Library&#xff09;\u662f\u60e0\u666e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531Alexander Stepanov\u3001Meng Lee\u548cDavid R Musser\u5728\u60e0\u666e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u6240\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8349\u6848\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u8054\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5c06STL\u5305\u542b\u5230C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u3002STL\u5bf9C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8d85\u51faC&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0STL\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5ef6\u7f13\u4e86C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1997\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5&#xff0c;\u8054\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8349\u6848\u30021998\u5e74&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u7684ANSI\/ISO\u6807\u51c6\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224917-6ad9416d1d08e.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224917-6ad9416d798c8.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>2.1 C&#043;&#043;\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224917-6ad9416dbd2ae.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224918-6ad9416e7180b.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>2.2 \u5173\u4e8eC&#043;&#043;23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b&#xff1a;<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8bdf\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93(networking)&#xff0c;networking\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u5728C&#043;&#043;23\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728C&#043;&#043;23\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709networking&#xff0c;\u7f51\u4e0a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5403\u74dc\u548c\u5410\u69fd\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5bab\u6597\u5267\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224918-6ad9416ed4633.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224919-6ad9416f0365b.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224919-6ad9416f40940.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224919-6ad9416f577e2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P2452R0: 2021 October Library Evolution and Concurrency Networking and Executors Poll Outcomes<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;23\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n<h3>3. C&#043;&#043;\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863&#xff1a;<\/h3>\n<p>Reference &#8211; C&#043;&#043; Reference<\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; \u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c &#8211; cppreference.com<\/p>\n<p>cppreference.com<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u53ea\u66f4\u65b0\u5230C&#043;&#043;11&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5185\u5bb9\u6bd4\u8f83\u6613\u770b\u597d\u61c2\u3002\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u522b\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u7248&#xff0c;\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u5168&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6613\u770b&#xff1b;\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6392\u884c\u699c<\/h4>\n<p>TIOBE\u6392\u884c\u699c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5382\u5546\u7684\u6570\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce&#xff08;\u5982Google\u3001Bing\u3001Yahoo!&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53caWikipedia\u3001Amazon\u3001YouTube\u548cBaidu&#xff08;\u767e\u5ea6&#xff09;\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fa\u6392\u540d\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u7a0b\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u95e8\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u597d\u4e0d\u597d&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6570\u91cf\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2024\u5e746\u6708TIOBE\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6392\u884c\u699c<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224919-6ad9416f91142.png\" alt=\"\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224920-6ad94170314e3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>4.2 C&#043;&#043;\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u3001\u6e38\u620f&#xff08;\u5f15\u64ce&#xff09;\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5e93\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7b49\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7b49\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u5f00\u6e90\u5e93\u548c\u65b9\u6848\u6709FFmpeg\u3001WebRTC\u3001Mediasoup\u3001ijkplayer&#xff0c;\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u5f00\u53d1\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6808\u5c31\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>PC\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5f00\u53d1Windows\u4e0a\u7684\u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982WPS\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684&#xff0c;\u6280\u672f\u6808\u7684\u8bdd\u4e00\u822c\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u548cQT&#xff0c;QT \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684 C&#043;&#043;\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762&#xff08;Graphical User Interface&#xff0c;GUI&#xff09;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5757Java\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5982&#xff1a;\u6e38\u620f\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u7b49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u5c31\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u5f00\u53d1\u7684&#xff0c;\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u8981\u638c\u63e1C&#043;&#043;\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5b66\u4e60\u56fe\u5f62\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff0c;\u638c\u63e1\u6e38\u620f\u5f15\u64ce\u548c\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4e86\u89e3\u5f15\u64ce\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5f15\u64ce\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60UE4\u3001Cocos2d-x\u7b49\u5f00\u6e90\u5f15\u64ce\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u628a\u5177\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u63a7\u677f\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u673a\u5668\u88c5\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u7535\u5b50\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u5185\u90e8&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff1a;\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u73af\u3001\u6444\u50cf\u5934\u3001\u626b\u5730\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u97f3\u54cd\u3001\u95e8\u7981\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8f66\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u7b49&#xff0c;\u7c97\u7565\u4e00\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e0a\u5c42\u7528Python\u5c01\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5b66\u4f1aPython\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u591f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u505a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4f1aC&#043;&#043;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\/\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u53d1\u56e2\u961f&#xff0c;\u6709\u7814\u53d1\u5c31\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177(selenium\u3001Jmeter\u7b49)&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e9b\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u5177\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u624b\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>5. C&#043;&#043;\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 C&#043;&#043;\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6<\/h4>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u96be\u5b66\u5417&#xff1f;\u9996\u5148\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6C&#043;&#043;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u96be\u5b66\u96be\u7cbe\u7684\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u76f8\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6\u8981\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u8981\u9661\u5ced\u4e00\u4e9b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u5305\u88b1\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f51\u4e0a\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a21\u5929\u5185\u81ea\u5b66\u7cbe\u901aC&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6897\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224920-6ad9417074a06.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>5.2 C&#043;&#043;\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n<li>\n<p>\u52a8\u624b\u4f18\u5148&#xff0c;\u62d2\u7edd \u201c\u770b\u61c2\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u5b66\u4f1a\u201d\u3002C&#043;&#043; \u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u54ea\u6015\u770b\u61c2\u4f8b\u9898&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u5236\u9020 bug\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u96be\u70b9\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u6e90\u7801\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u770b STL \u6e90\u7801&#xff0c;\u7406\u89e3\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1b;\u540c\u65f6\u5584\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e0d\u540c C&#043;&#043; \u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7f16\u8bd1\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u533a\u5206\u65e7\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3 C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u79ef\u7d2f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h4>5.3 \u5b66\u4e60\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224921-6ad9417118c67.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224921-6ad941713b9d7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224921-6ad941716048d.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C&#043;&#043; Primer&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u7c4d&#xff0c;\u524d\u540e\u4e2d\u671f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b&#xff0c;\u524d\u671f\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5b66\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2&#xff0c;\u80fd\u770b\u61c2\u591a\u5c11\u770b\u61c2\u591a\u5c11&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5f53\u9884\u4e60&#xff0c;\u5b66\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\u8bfe\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b57\u5178&#xff0c;\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>STL\u6e90\u7801\u5256\u6790&#xff1a;\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ed3\u5408STL\u6e90\u7801&#xff0c;\u5e96\u4e01\u89e3\u725b\u5f0f\u5256\u6790STL\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff0c;\u662f\u4faf\u6377\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u522b\u4eba\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u5c01\u88c5\u7b49\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u5750\u4e95\u89c2\u5929&#xff0c;\u95ed\u95e8\u9020\u8f66&#xff0c;\u672c\u4e66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0a\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Effective C&#043;&#043;&#xff1a;\u672c\u4e66\u4e5f\u662f\u4faf\u6377\u8001\u5e08\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684&#xff0c;\u672c\u4e66\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bc4\u4ef7&#xff0c;\u628aC&#043;&#043;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5206\u4e3a\u770b\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u548c\u6ca1\u770b\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u4e8655\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u9ad8\u6548\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6761\u6b3e&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u5de5\u4f5c1-2\u5e74\u540e\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u904d&#xff0c;\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u517c\u5bb9C\u8bed\u8a00\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684hello world\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7f00\u6539\u4e3a.cpp&#xff0c;vs\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u5230\u662f.cpp\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;linux\u4e0b\u8981\u7528g&#043;&#043;\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u518d\u662fgcc<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ test.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136C&#043;&#043;\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4C&#043;&#043;\u7248\u672c\u7684hello world\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ test.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684std cout\u7b49\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb2\u89e3<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world\\\\n&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>7. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n<h4>7.1 namespace\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728C\/C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u540e\u9762\u8981\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c06\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u5730\u5316&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u540d\u5b57\u6c61\u67d3&#xff0c;namespace\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>c\u8bed\u8a00\u9879\u76ee\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0b\u9762\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u5f15\u5165namespace\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> rand <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2365: \u201crand\u201d: \u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1b;\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> rand<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.2 namespace\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230namespace\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u63a5\u4e00\u5bf9{}\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;{}\u4e2d\u5373\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>namespace\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u8ddf\u5168\u5c40\u57df\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684rand\u4e0d\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u57df\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5c40\u90e8\u57df&#xff0c;\u5168\u5c40\u57df&#xff0c;\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u57df&#xff0c;\u7c7b\u57df&#xff1b;\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u8bed\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\u578b\u51fa\u5904(\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49)\u7684\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u6709\u4e86\u57df\u9694\u79bb&#xff0c;\u540d\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u57df\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u57df\u9664\u4e86\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u67e5\u627e\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f&#xff0c;\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u57df\u548c\u7c7b\u57df\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>namespace\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u5c40&#xff0c;\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9879\u76ee\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u540dnamespace\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2anamespace&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ebstd&#xff08;standard&#xff09;\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1. \u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ bit\u662f\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u540d\u5b57&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u5b57\u505a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u540d\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7528\u7684\u662fbit&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0b\u53bb\u4ee5\u540e\u81ea\u5df1\u7ec3\u4e60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u5b57\u7f29\u5199&#xff0c;\u5982\u5f20\u4e09&#xff1a;zs<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> rand <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> left<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> left <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Node<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Node<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> next<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> val<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u7684rand\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> rand<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9abit\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684rand<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>rand<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/2. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> pg<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> rand <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> left<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> left <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> hg<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> rand <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> left<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>left <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>pg<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>rand<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>hg<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>rand<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>pg<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>hg<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540dnamespace&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u8d77&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u540c\u4e00\u4e2anamespace\u4e00\u6837<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Stack.h<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">pragma<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">once<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdbool.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;assert.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Stack<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> top<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> capacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>ST<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STDestroy<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> STDataType x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STPop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        STDataType <span class=\"token function\">STTop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STSize<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">bool<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STEmpty<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Stack.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Stack.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6808\u9876<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> STDataType x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6ee1\u4e86&#xff0c; \u6269\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6269\u5bb9\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> newcapacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                        STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> tmp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">realloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> newcapacity <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>tmp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                                <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;realloc fail&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                                <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                        ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> tmp<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                        ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> newcapacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>top<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>top<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Queue.h<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">pragma<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">once<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdbool.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;assert.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> QDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">QueueNode<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> val<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">QueueNode<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> next<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>QNode<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Queue<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                QNode<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> phead<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                QNode<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ptail<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> size<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueueInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueueDestroy<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5165\u961f\u5217<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueuePush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> QDataType x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u51fa\u961f\u5217<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueuePop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        QDataType <span class=\"token function\">QueueFront<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        QDataType <span class=\"token function\">QueueBack<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">bool<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueueEmpty<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueueSize<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Queue.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Queue.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">QueueInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Queue<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pq<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                pq<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>phead <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                pq<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>ptail <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                pq<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>size <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ &#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ test.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Queue.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Stack.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5355\u72ec\u7684Stack<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Stack<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> top<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>ST<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n        ST st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528bit namespace\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n        bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>ST st2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        bit<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>st2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7.3 \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\/\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u6216\u8005\u5168\u5c40\u67e5\u627e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5230\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>using\u5c06\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6210\u5458\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c55\u5f00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458&#xff0c;\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350&#xff0c;\u51b2\u7a81\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5927&#xff0c;\u65e5\u5e38\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> bit<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2065: \u201ca\u201d: \u672a\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> N<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ using\u5c06\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5c55\u5f00<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> N<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> N<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5c55\u5f00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> N<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>8. C&#043;&#043;\u8f93\u5165&amp;\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>&lt;iostream&gt; \u662f Input Output Stream \u7684\u7f29\u5199&#xff0c;\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u5e93&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::cin \u662f istream \u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u7a84\u5b57\u7b26&#xff08;narrow characters (of type char)&#xff09;\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::cout \u662f ostream \u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u7a84\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>std::endl \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6d41\u63d2\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u52a0\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>&lt;&lt;\u662f\u6d41\u63d2\u5165\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26&#xff0c;&gt;&gt;\u662f\u6d41\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002&#xff08;C\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u505a\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u5de6\u79fb\/\u53f3\u79fb&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cfprintf\/scanf\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u90a3\u6837&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b(\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230)&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662fC&#043;&#043;\u7684\u6d41\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>IO\u6d41\u6d89\u53ca\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e0bC&#043;&#043; IO\u6d41\u7684\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u6765\u7ec6\u8282IO\u6d41\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>cout\/cin\/endl\u7b49\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8eC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ebstd&#xff08;standard&#xff09;\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u65e5\u5e38\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5using namespace std&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5efa\u8baeusing namespace std\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b&lt;stdio.h&gt;&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528printf\u548cscanf&#xff0c;\u5728\u5305\u542b&lt;iostream&gt;\u95f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u3002vs\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;x&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;  &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;  &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> std<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">scanf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d%lf&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%d %lf\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><br \/>\n    cin <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cin <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> c<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;  &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5728io\u9700\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9&#xff0c;\u5982\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7ade\u8d5b\u9898\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u884c\u4ee3\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8C&#043;&#043;IO\u6548\u7387<\/span><br \/>\n    ios_base<span class=\"token double-colon punctuation\">::<\/span><span class=\"token function\">sync_with_stdio<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token boolean\">false<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cin<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">tie<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">tie<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>9. \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9e\u53c2\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u5f62\u53c2\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2&#xff0c;\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u5168\u7f3a\u7701\u548c\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u3002&#xff08;\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u628a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u53eb\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570&#xff09;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5168\u7f3a\u7701\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u5f62\u53c2\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c&#xff0c;\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u5c31\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5f62\u53c2\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u89c4\u5b9a\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fde\u7eed\u7f3a\u7701&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u95f4\u9694\u8df3\u8dc3\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e26\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u7ed9\u5b9e\u53c2&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u8dc3\u7ed9\u5b9e\u53c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c;\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;assert.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u53c2\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f20\u53c2\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5168\u7f3a\u7701<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;a &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;b &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;c &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u534a\u7f3a\u7701<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Func2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;a &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;b &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;c &#061; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Func2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">Func2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">300<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Stack.h<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;assert.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Stack<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> top<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> capacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>ST<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ Stack.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Stack.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        ps<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ test.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Stack.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        ST s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u786e\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u63d2\u51651000\u4e2a\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u4e00\u628a\u5f00\u597d&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n        ST s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>10. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u652f\u6301\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837C&#043;&#043;\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6001\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002C\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 1\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> left<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;int Add(int left, int right)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> left <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> left<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;double Add(double left, double right)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> left <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> right<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 2\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(int a)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ 3\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(int a,char b)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(char b, int a)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8f7d\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/void fxx()<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/{}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/int fxx()<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/{<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/        return 0;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ f()\u4f46\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u6b67\u4e49&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8c03\u7528\u8c01<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f()&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(int a)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10.1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20.2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;a&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token char\">&#039;a&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>11. \u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n<h4>11.1 \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7ed9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u548c\u5b83\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982&#xff1a;\u6c34\u58f6\u4f20\u4e2d\u674e\u9035&#xff0c;\u5b8b\u6c5f\u53eb&#034;\u94c1\u725b&#034;&#xff0c;\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e0a\u4eba\u79f0&#034;\u9ed1\u65cb\u98ce&#034;&#xff1b;\u6797\u51b2&#xff0c;\u5916\u53f7\u8c79\u5b50\u5934&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b&amp; \u5f15\u7528\u522b\u540d &#061; \u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61;C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u5165\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u590d\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u524d\u9762\u7684&lt;&lt; \u548c &gt;&gt;&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f15\u7528\u4e5f\u548c\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7&amp;&#xff0c;\u5927\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u533a\u5206\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002&#xff08;\u5410\u69fd\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u633a\u5751\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7b26\u53f7\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u597d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5f15\u7528&#xff1a;b\u548cc\u662fa\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u522b\u540db\u53d6\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd8\u662fa\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> d <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>d <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224921-6ad94171b5e4a.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>11.2 \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u65e6\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53&#xff0c;\u518d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;\u201cra\u201d: \u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f15\u7528<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/int&amp; ra;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> c <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u975e\u8ba9b\u5f15\u7528c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3aC&#043;&#043;\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411&#xff0c;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d4b\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n        b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> c<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>b <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>c <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>11.3 \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u505a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e2d\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u8ddf\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u53c2\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u8bb2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u573a\u666f&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\u7eed\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210&#xff0c;\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u6027&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9&#xff0c;\u4e92\u76f8\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002C&#043;&#043;\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f15\u7528(\u5982Java)\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684&#xff0c;\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6700\u5927\u7684\u70b9&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u5f15\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411&#xff0c;Java\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528C\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u7248\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6559\u6750\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u5f15\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u53c2&#xff0c;\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u907f\u5f00\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u6ca1\u5b66\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5934\u96fe\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Swap<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rx<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> ry<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> tmp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> rx<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    rx <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> ry<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    ry <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> tmp<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> y <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> y <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">Swap<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034; &#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> y <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Stack<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> top<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> capacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>ST<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> n<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6808\u9876<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> STDataType x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ps<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6ee1\u4e86&#xff0c; \u6269\u5bb9<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>capacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u6269\u5bb9\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> newcapacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">?<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">4<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> tmp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">realloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> newcapacity <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>STDataType<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>tmp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;realloc fail&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> tmp<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>capacity <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> newcapacity<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int STTop(ST&amp; rs)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STTop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ST<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">assert<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>rs<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>top<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u7684<\/span><br \/>\n    ST st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">STInit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">STPush<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STTop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">STTop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">STTop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>st1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">SeqList<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> size<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>SLT<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528C\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u7248\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6559\u6750\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528C&#043;&#043;\u5f15\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u53c2&#xff0c;\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u907f\u5f00\u590d \u6742\u7684\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u6ca1\u5b66\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5934\u96fe\u6c34\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">SeqPushBack<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>SLT<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> sl<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">ListNode<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> val<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">ListNode<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> next<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>LTNode<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>PNode<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u522b\u540d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91ccLTNode*&amp; phead\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u522b\u540d<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488\u4e86&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/void ListPushBack(LTNode** phead, int x)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/void ListPushBack(LTNode*&amp; phead, int x)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ListPushBack<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PNode<span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> phead<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        PNode newnode <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>PNode<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>LTNode<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        newnode<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>val <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        newnode<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>next <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>phead <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                phead <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> newnode<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        PNode plist <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">ListPushBack<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>plist<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>11.4 const\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aconst\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7528const\u5f15\u7528\u3002const\u5f15\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c int&amp; rb &#061; a*3;\u3001double d &#061; 12.34;\u3001int&amp; rd &#061; d; \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;a*3 \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d&#xff0c;int&amp; rd &#061; d \u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u65f6&#xff0c;rb \u548c rd \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u800c C&#043;&#043; \u89c4\u5b9a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u5e38\u6027&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u6743\u9650\u653e\u5927&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6682\u5b58\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2440: \u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cconst int\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &amp;\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5bf9a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u653e\u5927<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/int&amp; ra &#061; a;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> ra <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C3892: \u201cra\u201d: \u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5e38\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ra&#043;&#043;;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5bf9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> b <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">20<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rb <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C3892: \u201crb\u201d: \u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5e38\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/rb&#043;&#043;;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> ra <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">30<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519: \u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cint\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &amp;\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int&amp; rb &#061; a * 3;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rb <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> a<span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">double<\/span> d <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">12.34<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cdouble\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &amp;\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ int&amp; rd &#061; d;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> rd <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> d<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>11.5 \u6307\u9488\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e2d\u6307\u9488\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u683c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u4eb2\u5144\u5f1f&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u662f\u54e5\u54e5&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5f1f\u5f1f&#xff0c;\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210&#xff0c;\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u6027&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5404\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u70b9&#xff0c;\u4e92\u76f8\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bed\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d6\u522b\u540d\u4e0d\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u8981\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u5efa\u8bae\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff1b;\u800c\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>sizeof\u4e2d\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6307\u9488\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u5360\u5b57\u8282\u4e2a\u6570(32\u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\u53604\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;64\u4f4d\u4e0b\u662f8byte)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6307\u9488\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u5f88\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c;\u5f15\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>12. inline<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7528inline\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6C&#043;&#043;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c55\u5f00\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u6808\u5e27\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>inline\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u4f60\u52a0\u4e86inline\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5173\u4e8einline\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u5c55\u5f00\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3aC&#043;&#043;\u6807\u51c6\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002inline\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u77ed\u5c0f\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u52a0\u4e0ainline\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86inline\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u66ff\u4ee3C\u7684\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>vs\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 debug\u7248\u672c\u4e0b\u9762\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00inline\u7684&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5&#xff0c;debug\u7248\u672c\u60f3\u5c55\u5f00\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>inline\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94fe\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u4e3ainline\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224922-6ad941720cebf.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224922-6ad941726cfda.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">inline<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> ret<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6c47\u7f16\u89c2\u5bdf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u5c55\u5f00<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6709call Add\u8bed\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">Add<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2aADD\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#define ADD(int a, int b) return a &#043; b;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#define ADD(a, b) a &#043; b;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#define ADD(a, b) (a &#043; b)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b8f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name function\">ADD<\/span><span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u5206\u53f7?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u52a0\u5916\u9762\u7684\u62ec\u53f7?<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u52a0\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u62ec\u53f7?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ADD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ADD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ADD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> y <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">ADD<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>x <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> x <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ -&gt; (x&amp;y&#043;x|y)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ F.h<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">inline<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ F.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;F.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n     cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ main.cpp<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;F.h&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n     <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u94fe\u63a5\u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7b26\u53f7 &#034;void __cdecl f(int)&#034; (?f&#064;&#064;YAXH&#064;Z)<\/span><br \/>\n     <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n     <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>13. nullptr<\/h3>\n<p>NULL\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f&#xff0c;\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684C\u5934\u6587\u4ef6(stddef.h)\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifndef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">ifdef<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">__cplusplus<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">NULL<\/span>    <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">else<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">NULL<\/span>    <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">endif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;\u4e2dNULL\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5b57\u9762\u5e38\u91cf0&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005C\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u65e0\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488(void*)\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u6307\u9488\u65f6&#xff0c;\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ebb\u70e6&#xff0c;\u672c\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7f(NULL)\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7248\u672c\u7684f(int*)\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8eNULL\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u62100&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u4e86f(int x)&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u521d\u8877\u76f8\u6096\u3002f((void*)NULL);\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>C&#043;&#043;11\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165nullptr&#xff0c;nullptr\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;nullptr\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4efb\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528nullptr\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3anullptr\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">using<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">namespace<\/span> std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(int x)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> ptr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    cout <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;f(int* ptr)&#034;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span> endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u672c\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7f(NULL)\u8c03\u7528\u6307\u9488\u7248\u672c\u7684f(int*)\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8eNULL\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u62100&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528\u4e86f(int x)&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u521d\u8877\u76f8\u6096\u3002<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519&#xff1a;error C2665: \u201cf\u201d: 2 \u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ f((void*)NULL);<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">nullptr<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f22.1 C\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b02.2 \u5173\u4e8eC23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b3. C\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u68634. C\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u60275. C\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u83506. C\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f7. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f48. C\u8f93\u5165&amp;\u8f93\u51fa9. \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u657010. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d11. \u5f15\u752812. inline13. nullptr<br \/>\n1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd<br \/>\nC\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001STL\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<br \/>\n2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2<br \/>\nC\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301979\u5e74&#xff0c;\u5f53\u65f6Bjarne Stroustrup(\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-116845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-190"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u76ee\u5f55 1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f22.1 C\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b02.2 \u5173\u4e8eC23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b3. C\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u68634. C\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u60275. C\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u83506. C\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f7. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f48. C\u8f93\u5165&amp;\u8f93\u51fa9. \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u657010. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d11. \u5f15\u752812. inline13. nullptr 1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd C\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001STL\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2 C\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301979\u5e74&#xff0c;\u5f53\u65f6Bjarne Stroustrup(\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224917-6ad9416d1d08e.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html\",\"name\":\"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/\",\"name\":\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"description\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","og_description":"\u76ee\u5f55 1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f22.1 C\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b02.2 \u5173\u4e8eC23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6545\u4e8b3. C\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u68634. C\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u60275. C\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u83506. C\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f7. \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f48. C\u8f93\u5165&amp;\u8f93\u51fa9. \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u657010. \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d11. \u5f15\u752812. inline13. nullptr 1. C\u4ecb\u7ecd C\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;C\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001STL\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 2. C\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2 C\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301979\u5e74&#xff0c;\u5f53\u65f6Bjarne Stroustrup(\u672c\u8d3e\u5c3c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af","og_url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html","og_site_name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","article_published_time":"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021224917-6ad9416d1d08e.png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"admin","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"14 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html","name":"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-21T22:49:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116845.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u7b2c1\u8bb2\uff1aC++ \u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/","name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","description":"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116845\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116845"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=116845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}