{"id":116641,"date":"2026-10-21T23:49:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116641.html"},"modified":"2026-10-21T23:49:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:49:13","slug":"%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%8a%9e%ef%bc%9f%e4%ba%94%e4%b8%aa-5xx-%e5%9c%a8%e6%b5%8f%e8%a7%88%e5%99%a8%e9%87%8c%e9%95%bf%e5%be%97%e4%b8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116641.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u4e94\u4e2a 5xx \u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u957f\u5f97\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u53ea\u5728 nginx \u90a3\u4e00\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/
\n #content_views .toc,
\n \/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > p:empty:has(+ .toc),
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty,
\n \/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #main-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #hr-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views p[id*=\\”-toc\\”] {
\n display: none !important;
\n }
\n \/* \u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u6389\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u4e0a\u8fb9\u8ddd *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h4,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h4 {
\n margin-top: 0 !important;
\n }<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5468\u5e2e\u4eba\u770b\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668，\u53cd\u9988\u662f"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38"\u3002\u6211\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e00\u770b，\u767d\u5e95\u9ed1\u5b57\u4e00\u884c 502 Bad Gateway，\u9875\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a nginx \u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u91cd\u542f\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u4e86，\u6ca1\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6ca1\u6025\u7740\u91cd\u542f，\u5148\u6572\u4e86 tail -50 \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u5199\u7740 *37 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream，upstream \u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f 127.0.0.1:9000\u3002PHP-FPM \u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\u3002 \u4ece\u770b\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u5230\u4fee\u597d，\u56db\u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u90a3\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848，\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57，\u800c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e error_log \u91cc\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u82f1\u6587\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a 502，\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u539f\u6587，\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4e14\u4e92\u4e0d\u642d\u754c\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6392\u969c\u65f6\u6709\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef：\u9047\u5230 5xx，\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u731c，\u662f\u628a\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u539f\u6587\u6284\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u6284\u5b8c\u518d\u53bb\u67e5\u8868\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a nginx \u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u7b54\u6848\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u4e86，\u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u7528\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u4eba\u95ee \u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e，\u6211\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u585e\u7ed9\u4ed6：\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5e95\u4e0b\u538b\u7740\u81f3\u5c11\u4e94\u79cd\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u75c5\u56e0，\u9760\u731c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d70\u9519\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u628a"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u62c6\u5f00<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u53cd\u9988\u91cc\u88ab\u7528\u5f97\u592a\u5bbd\u4e86，\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u5148\u628a\u5b83\u780d\u6210\u4e09\u7c7b，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u8def\u5f84：<\/p>\n\n\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5927\u6982\u7387\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u5c42\u8be5\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u627e\u8bc1\u636e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u767d\u5c4f \/ \u8d85\u65f6 \/ \u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b64\u7f51\u7ad9\u201d<\/td>\n\u94fe\u8def\u5c42，\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230 nginx<\/td>\n33 \u7bc7\u8bb2\u7684\u90a3\u4e09\u5c42：\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6709 HTTP \u6570\u5b57：500\/502\/503\/504<\/td>\n\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86 nginx，\u5361\u5728\u5b83\u540e\u9762<\/td>\nnginx \u7684 error_log<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7ea2\u9501 \/ ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID<\/td>\nTLS \u5c42，\u6ca1\u6709 HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\n\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e2d\u95f4\u90a3\u4e00\u7c7b\u624d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4：\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u4e86 nginx，\u4f46 nginx \u6ca1\u80fd\u4ece\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u90a3\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u628a\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u8fd9\u4e48\u6b7b？\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u6309 502 \u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u67e5，\u4f1a\u67e5\u5f88\u4e45\u4e14\u6beb\u65e0\u6536\u83b7\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728 nginx \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309 MDN \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49，502 \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u6216\u4ee3\u7406，\u4ece\u4e0a\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u54cd\u5e94"\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed：\u662f nginx \u6536\u5230\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u54cd\u5e94，\u6216\u8005\u662f\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u3002 \u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u597d\u5f97\u5f88\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981：5xx \u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38"，\u800c\u662f"nginx \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u53f0\u5f02\u5e38"，\u800c\u90a3\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66：error_log，\u4e0d\u662f access_log<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u5751：\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u53bb\u7ffb access_log，\u4f46\u90a3\u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u6709\u7ed3\u679c，\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

access_log \u91cc\u4e00\u884c 502 \u957f\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

116.62.x.x – – [12\/Oct\/2026:09:14:22 +0800] "GET \/api\/order HTTP\/1.1" 502 150 "-" "Mozilla\/5.0 …"<\/p>\n

\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u7684\u53ea\u6709"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86 502"\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

error_log \u91cc\u5bf9\u5e94\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u624d\u662f\u7b54\u6848：<\/p>\n

2026\/10\/12 09:14:22 [error] 2841#0: *137 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream,
\nclient: 116.62.x.x, server: demo.example.com, request: "GET \/api\/order HTTP\/1.1",
\nupstream: "http:\/\/127.0.0.1:9000\/api\/order", host: "demo.example.com"<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u90a3\u6bb5 connect() failed (111: Connection refused)\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u6587\u8981\u62c6\u89e3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u64cd\u4e0a\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u8fd9\u6761，\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u62c9\u51fa\u6765：<\/p>\n

# \u6700\u8fd1 200 \u884c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ea7\u522b error，5xx \u90fd\u4f1a\u843d\u8fdb\u6765）<\/span>
\ntail<\/span> -200<\/span> \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/p>\n

# \u6216\u8005\u76ef\u7740\u5237，\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u590d\u73b0\u95ee\u9898<\/span>
\ntail<\/span> -f<\/span> \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u63d0\u4e00\u53e5\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684：upstream: \u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f nginx \u5f53\u65f6\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u8fde\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u5740，\u4e0d\u662f"\u540e\u7aef\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5740"\u3002\u5982\u679c upstream \u5757\u91cc\u914d\u4e86\u57df\u540d，\u8fd9\u91cc\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684 IP\u2014\u2014\u5148\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a IP，\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001connect() failed (111: Connection refused) \u2014\u2014 \u540e\u7aef\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u5728\u542c<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd，\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u4fee\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u542b\u4e49\u5f88\u76f4\u767d：nginx \u53bb\u6572\u95e8，\u95e8\u540e\u9762\u6ca1\u4eba\u5e94，\u5bf9\u65b9\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u4e86\u4e2a"\u6eda"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u6765\u6e90，\u6211\u6309\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6392：<\/p>\n

1）\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\u3002 PHP-FPM \u5d29\u4e86\u3001Node \u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab OOM \u6740\u4e86\u3001Java \u90e8\u7f72\u5b8c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u67e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u673a\u68b0：<\/p>\n

ps<\/span> aux |<\/span> grep<\/span> -E<\/span> 'php-fpm|node|java'<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>
\nss -tlnp<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> -E<\/span> ':9000|:8080'<\/span> # \u6362\u6210\u4f60 proxy_pass \u91cc\u90a3\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c ss \u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u76d1\u542c，\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f nginx \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

2）\u7aef\u53e3\u5199\u9519\u4e86\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u72af\u8fc7：\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u5199 proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080;，\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u662f 9000\u3002nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6cd5，nginx -t \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u6ca1\u6cd5\u66ff\u4f60\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7aef\u53e3\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

3）\u7528 UNIX socket \u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u4e86\u3002 PHP-FPM \u5d29\u6389\u65f6，socket \u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931，connect() \u76f4\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u4e00\u6761：\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672c\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u90a3\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef，\u7ed5\u8fc7 nginx\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\u7740\u7b80\u5355，\u4f46\u5b83\u628a \u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5207\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u534a：\u672c\u673a\u901a\u3001\u5916\u9762\u4e0d\u901a，\u95ee\u9898\u5728 nginx \u5230\u540e\u7aef\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u914d\u7f6e；\u672c\u673a\u90fd\u4e0d\u901a，\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b，\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u78b0 nginx \u4e00\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6211\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u5148\u505a\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65，\u5b83\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u8d23\u4efb\u5207\u5f00，\u907f\u514d\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u67e5\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001no live upstreams while connecting to upstream \u2014\u2014 \u540e\u7aef\u662f\u597d\u7684，\u88ab nginx \u81ea\u5df1\u62c9\u9ed1\u4e86<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u6700\u6709\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u53bb\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u597d\u597d\u7684，curl \u4e5f\u6b63\u5e38，\u4f46 nginx \u5c31\u662f\u62a5 502\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\u662f nginx \u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u628a\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309 nginx \u5b98\u65b9 ngx_http_upstream_module \u624b\u518c \u7684\u539f\u6587，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u201cBy default, the number of unsuccessful attempts is set to 1.\u201d（max_fails） \u201cBy default, the parameter is set to 10 seconds.\u201d（fail_timeout）<\/p>\n

\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f：\u53ea\u8981\u5931\u8d25 1 \u6b21，\u8fd9\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u5c31\u88ab\u62c9\u9ed1 10 \u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u60f3\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e00\u53f0\u5076\u53d1\u6296\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u6b21\u7f51\u7edc\u6296\u52a8，\u8fd9\u53f0\u5c31\u88ab\u6458 10 \u79d2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5355\u53f0 upstream，\u90a3\u8fd9 10 \u79d2\u91cc\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5168\u662f 502，\u800c\u4f60\u53bb\u67e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u521a\u597d\u8fc7\u5b8c，\u4e00\u5207"\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38"\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c8\u597d\u4e86"\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6210\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u624b\u518c\u8fd8\u5199\u4e86 nginx \u5728\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

\u201cIf an error occurs during communication with a server, the request will be passed to the next server\u2026 If a successful response could not be obtained from any of the servers, the client will receive the result of the communication with the last server.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f0，\u7ed3\u5c40\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u522b\u52a8 max_fails \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a，\u800c\u662f：<\/p>\n

upstream backend {
\n server 10.0.0.11:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
\n server 10.0.0.12:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
\n keepalive 32;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u6539\u5b8c\u8bb0\u5f97 nginx -t \u518d nginx -s reload\u3002\u987a\u5e26\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5，keepalive 32 \u8fd9\u884c\u770b\u7740\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981，\u4f46\u5b83\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11 nginx \u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u63e1\u624b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) \u2014\u2014 \u540e\u7aef\u6d3b\u7740，\u53ea\u662f\u6162<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684：connection refused \u662f"\u6ca1\u4eba\u5e94"，timed out \u662f"\u6709\u4eba\u5e94\u4e86\u4f46\u534a\u5929\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e6\u53d1\u5b83\u7684\u662f ngx_http_proxy_module \u91cc\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u8d85\u65f6，\u5b98\u65b9\u624b\u518c\u7ed9\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u6e05\u4e00\u8272\u662f 60 \u79d2：<\/p>\n

proxy_connect_timeout 60s; # \u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u5efa\u8fde\u6700\u591a\u7b49\u591a\u4e45
\nproxy_send_timeout 60s; # \u5411\u540e\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6700\u591a\u7b49\u591a\u4e45
\nproxy_read_timeout 60s; # \u7b49\u540e\u7aef\u56de\u8bdd\u6700\u591a\u7b49\u591a\u4e45<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cc\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a proxy_read_timeout\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f"\u540e\u7aef\u7b97\u591a\u4e45\u7b97\u8d85\u65f6"\u90a3\u628a\u5c3a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u8868\u5bfc\u51fa\u8dd1\u4e86 90 \u79d2，nginx \u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c 60 \u79d2\u628a\u8fde\u63a5\u6390\u65ad，\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de 504\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5：504 Gateway Timeout \u548c 502 Bad Gateway \u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5931\u8d25，\u867d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u770b\u90fd\u662f\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u9875：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • 502：\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u9762\u5c31\u6ca1\u8c08\u6210<\/li>\n
  • 504：\u8fde\u63a5\u8c08\u6210\u4e86，\u4f46\u540e\u7aef\u6ca1\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u628a\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5b8c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5 \u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u5728\u6162\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f"\u91cd\u542f"，\u800c\u662f\u4e8c\u9009\u4e00：\u8981\u4e48\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u5feb\u8d77\u6765（\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u5316），\u8981\u4e48\u628a\u5c3a\u5b50\u8c03\u957f\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u6211\u4f1a\u8bf4，\u8c03\u957f\u5c3a\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e2a\u574f\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u516d\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u5c31\u65ad\u4e86：\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u539f\u6587<\/h3>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6211\u5408\u5e76\u8bb2，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e"\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f，\u4f46\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u5403\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957"：<\/p>\n\nerror_log \u539f\u6587\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f80\u54ea\u67e5<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
    upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9014\u4e2d\u5d29\u4e86<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aef\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001dmesg \u770b OOM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1 RST \u65ad\u5f00<\/td>\n\u540c\u4e0a，\u6216\u540e\u7aef\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream<\/td>\n\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u8d85\u8fc7 nginx \u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/td>\n\u8c03 proxy_buffer_size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u90a3\u6761\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b，\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u5d29\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u53bb\u7ffb\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9，\u6bd4\u5728 nginx \u8fd9\u8fb9\u53cd\u590d\u770b\u6709\u7528\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u5219\u662f\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898，\u4e00\u6761\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3：<\/p>\n

    proxy_buffer_size 16k;
    \nproxy_buffers 8 16k;
    \nproxy_busy_buffers_size 32k;<\/p>\n

    \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u5f80\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u91cc\u585e\u4e86\u8d85\u957f\u7684 Set-Cookie \u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5806\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e03\u3001Permission denied … while connecting to upstream \u2014\u2014 UNIX socket \u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n

    \u8fd9\u6761\u5728 PHP-FPM \u7528 socket \u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5e38\u89c1，\u65e5\u5fd7\u539f\u6587\u5927\u81f4\u662f：<\/p>\n

    connect() to unix:\/run\/php\/php8.2-fpm.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream<\/p>\n

    (13: Permission denied) \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u901a，\u662f nginx \u90a3\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a socket \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u8d26\u4e24\u8fb9\u5c31\u884c：nginx \u7684 user \u914d\u7f6e vs PHP-FPM \u6c60\u91cc\u7684 listen.owner \/ listen.group \/ listen.mode\u3002<\/p>\n

    ls<\/span> -l<\/span> \/run\/php\/php8.2-fpm.sock # \u770b\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u6743\u9650\u4f4d<\/span>
    \ngrep<\/span> '^user'<\/span> \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf # nginx \u8dd1\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u78b0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684：\u4e0a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55 \/run\/php \u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650，\u5bfc\u81f4 nginx \u8fde\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6478\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f，\u6574\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u8981\u80fd\u8d70\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u79cd：\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 nginx \u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc<\/h4>\n

    \u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u8865\u4e00\u5757\u8fb9\u754c，\u56e0\u4e3a \u6709\u4e9b"\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38"，nginx \u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u2014\u2014\u8bf7\u6c42\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u5230 nginx\u3002<\/p>\n

    1）\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u90a3\u4e00\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u65f6\u5019 502 \u662f LB \u7ed9\u7684，\u4e0d\u662f nginx \u7ed9\u7684\u3002\u4e09\u5bb6\u4e91\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u601d\u8def\u4e00\u81f4：\u5bf9\u6bd4 LB \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7801 \u4e0e \u540e\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9 LB \u7684\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6309 \u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u300aCLB\u5f02\u5e38\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u300b \u7684\u53e3\u5f84：\u82e5 status \u4e0e upstream_status \u76f8\u540c，\u8bf4\u660e\u662f LB \u900f\u4f20\u4e86\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u5f02\u5e38；\u82e5 upstream_status \u4e3a -，\u5219\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7801\u662f LB \u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6210\u7684，\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f"\u5168\u90e8\u540e\u7aef\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5931\u8d25"\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u6863\u8fd8\u70b9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u5751：\u540e\u7aef ECS \u4e0a\u7684 iptables \u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5b89\u5168\u8f6f\u4ef6\u62e6\u6389\u4e86 100.64.0.0\/10（\u8fd9\u662f CLB \u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5），\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25，\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4 502\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u6211\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e09\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u300a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u6392\u67e5\u300b \u9664\u540c\u6e90\u7f51\u6bb5\u5916\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e2a\u5f88\u786c\u7684\u70b9：\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u542f tcp_tw_recycle \u548c tcp_timestamps \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38，\u5efa\u8bae\u5173\u95ed tcp_tw_recycle\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u5728\u8001\u6559\u7a0b\u91cc\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u63a8\u8350"\u4f18\u5316"，\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u9897\u96f7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u534e\u4e3a\u4e91\u300a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u6392\u67e5（\u5171\u4eab\u578b）\u300b \u660e\u786e\u5199\u4e86\u5b83\u90a3\u8fb9\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6bb5：\u5171\u4eab\u578b ELB \u7528 100.125.0.0\/16 \u505a\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5，\u540e\u7aef\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u901a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5，\u5426\u5219\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4：\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5931\u8d25\u662f LB \u5c42 502 \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u6210\u56e0，\u800c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u6210\u56e0，\u662f LB \u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u62e6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    2）\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u3002 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u62a5 ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID，\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\u8b66\u544a\u9875，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 502\u3002\u67e5\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

    openssl x509 -in<\/span> \/path\/to\/cert.pem -noout<\/span> -subject<\/span> -dates<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u8fd9\u5728\u672c\u673a\u62ff\u4e00\u5f20\u81ea\u7b7e\u8bc1\u4e66\u8dd1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

    subject=CN=demo.example.com
    \nnotBefore=Oct 12 02:03:42 2026 GMT
    \nnotAfter=Nov 11 02:03:42 2026 GMT<\/p>\n

    **\u53ea\u770b\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u7528 -enddate\u3002**\u53e6\u5916\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86：\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fd8\u5728\u6709\u6548\u671f\u5185\u4e5f\u7167\u6837\u62a5\u9519\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u51c6\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6240\u6709 HTTPS \u7ad9\u70b9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u6548，\u4e14\u62a5\u9519\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

    3）\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002 \u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u53c8\u597d\u2014\u2014\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\u7684 fail_timeout，\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u5269\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a：\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d\u3001PHP-FPM \u7684 pm.max_children \u6253\u6ee1\u3001listen \u7684 backlog \u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u8981\u770b\u540e\u7aef\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u4e0d\u662f nginx \u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u516b\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u8be5\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957：\u4e09\u6761\u8fb9\u754c<\/h3>\n

    \u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u8fb9\u754c，\u7701\u5f97\u7528\u9519\u529b\u6c14：<\/p>\n

    \u573a\u666f\u4e00：\u9759\u6001\u9875\u6b63\u5e38，\u52a8\u6001\u63a5\u53e3\u624d\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u90a3\u95ee\u9898\u57fa\u672c\u9501\u5b9a\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b，nginx \u53ea\u662f\u4f20\u8bdd\u7684\u3002\u522b\u5728 nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u6298\u817e\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u573a\u666f\u4e8c：\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u6216\u4e2a\u522b\u7528\u6237\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u94fe\u8def\u6216 DNS \u7684\u4e8b，\u4e0d\u662f nginx \u5230\u540e\u7aef\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540c\u65f6\u62a5\u624d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u573a\u666f\u4e09：\u9519\u8bef\u53ea\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014fail_timeout\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u8c03\u518d\u5927\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u63a8\u540e，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5b83\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u8be5\u6269\u5bb9\u6269\u5bb9，\u8be5\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e5d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u6743\u9650\u65f6：\u7528 curl \u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765<\/h3>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u662f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u62db，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u5728\u4f60\u624b\u4e0a\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u53ea\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n

    curl \u7684 -w \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u62c6\u6210\u51e0\u6bb5\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u65f6（\u6587\u6863\u89c1 curl \u5b98\u65b9\u300aWrite out\u300b）：<\/p>\n

    curl<\/span> -o<\/span> \/dev\/null -sS<\/span> -w<\/span> 'dns=%{time_namelookup} connect=%{time_connect} firstbyte=%{time_starttransfer} total=%{time_total}\\\\n'<\/span> \\\\<\/span>
    \n https:\/\/demo.example.com\/api\/order<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u672c\u673a\u8dd1\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7167\u7ed3\u679c（\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684，\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f sleep 3 \u79d2\u7684\u6162\u63a5\u53e3）：<\/p>\n

    http=200 dns=0.000042s connect=0.000925s starttransfer(\u9996\u5b57\u8282)=0.001808s total=0.001996s
    \nhttp=200 dns=0.000060s connect=0.001267s starttransfer(\u9996\u5b57\u8282)=3.002423s total=3.002719s<\/p>\n

    \u770b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c：connect \u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8017\u65f6，time_starttransfer \u5374\u6574\u6574 3 \u79d2\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6b63\u662f nginx \u7684 upstream_response_time \u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u800c\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，http_code \u4f1a\u662f 000（\u8868\u793a\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u62ff\u5230\u54cd\u5e94）：<\/p>\n

    curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 59999 after 2038 ms: Could not connect to server<\/p>\n

    \u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6743\u9650，\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • firstbyte \u63a5\u8fd1 0，\u4e14\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a 000 \u6216\u7acb\u523b\u5931\u8d25 \u2192 \u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282<\/li>\n
    • connect \u5f88\u5feb\u3001firstbyte \u5f88\u957f \u2192 \u540e\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u6162，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u90a3\u4efd\u6587\u6863\u91cc\u5224\u65ad 502 \u6765\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91：upstream_response_time \u63a5\u8fd1 0 \u8bf4\u660e\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2，\u63a5\u8fd1\u8d85\u65f6\u9608\u503c\u8bf4\u660e\u8d85\u65f6\u3002 \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d4b\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728 LB \u89c6\u89d2，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u5341\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

      \u6392\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc，\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u4ece\u5934\u8d70\u5230\u5c3e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e86\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5931\u53bb\u54cd\u5e94 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u6a21\u7cca\u53cd\u9988\u8fdb\u6765\u65f6，\u6211\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d70：<\/p>\n

    • \u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u662f HTTP \u5c42：\u62ff\u5f97\u5230 5xx \u6570\u5b57\u624d\u8fdb\u672c\u6587\u8303\u56f4；\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230（\u8d85\u65f6\/\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee）\u5148\u53bb\u67e5\u94fe\u8def<\/li>\n
    • \u7ffb error_log，\u6284\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u72b6\u6001\u7801，\u662f\u770b\u4e2d\u95f4\u90a3\u53e5<\/li>\n
    • connect() failed (111) \u2192 \u672c\u673a curl \u76f4\u8fde\u540e\u7aef，\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u67e5 socket \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
    • Permission denied (13) \u2192 \u5bf9\u8d26 nginx \u7528\u6237\u4e0e socket \u5c5e\u4e3b，\u6574\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u8981\u80fd\u8d70<\/li>\n
    • no live upstreams \u2192 \u540e\u7aef\u662f\u597d\u7684，\u67e5 max_fails \/ fail_timeout，\u8c03\u5927\u5e76\u52a0 keepalive<\/li>\n
    • upstream timed out (110) \u2192 \u540e\u7aef\u6162\u3002\u8981\u4e48\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u5feb，\u8981\u4e48\u8c03 proxy_read_timeout（\u9ed8\u8ba4 60s）<\/li>\n
    • prematurely closed \/ reset by peer \u2192 \u540e\u7aef\u5d29\u4e86，\u53bb\u7ffb\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c dmesg<\/li>\n
    • error_log \u91cc\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709 \u2192 \u6362\u65b9\u5411：LB \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5 + \u63a2\u6d4b\u6e90\u7f51\u6bb5\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/li>\n
    • \u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u6743\u9650 \u2192 curl -w \u6d4b time_connect \u4e0e time_starttransfer，\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u7c7b<\/li>\n

      \u6700\u540e\u8865\u4e00\u53e5\u6211\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5：\u522b\u628a proxy_read_timeout \u5f80\u4e0a\u8c03\u5f53\u6210\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 60 \u79d2\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e45"\u2014\u2014\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5b50\u8c03\u5230 300 \u79d2，\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u597d\u4e86，\u800c\u662f\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u8f6c\u5708\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u9875，\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u5806\u6302\u6b7b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5360\u7740\u540e\u7aef\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u540e\u7aef\u5728 1 \u79d2\u5185\u7b54\u5b8c，\u6216\u8005\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6539\u6210\u5f02\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u56de\u5230\u5f00\u5934\u90a3\u53e5：\u8fd9\u4e9b error_log \u91cc\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u770b\u7740\u5413\u4eba，\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f nginx \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7b54\u6848，\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u7834\u8bd1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6284\u4e0b\u6765\u3001\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8868，\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u53f0\u88ab\u91cd\u542f\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u673a\u5668\u2014\u2014\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e \u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f\u7684\u91cd\u542f\u6309\u94ae\u4e0a，\u800c\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u3002\u5148\u8bfb\u65e5\u5fd7，\u518d\u52a8\u624b，\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6bd4\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u503c\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      FAQ<\/h3>\n

      \u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684？<\/p>\n

      \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f nginx \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5d29\u4e86\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3001\u5904\u7406\u592a\u6162\u3001\u6216\u8005 socket \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002nginx \u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u53cd\u800c\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd4\u56de 502\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u600e\u4e48\u533a\u5206 502 \u548c 504？<\/p>\n

      502 \u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u9762\u6ca1\u8c08\u6210（\u540e\u7aef\u6ca1\u542c\u8bb2 connect refused），504 \u662f\u8fde\u4e0a\u4e86\u4f46\u540e\u7aef\u6ca1\u5728 proxy_read_timeout（\u9ed8\u8ba4 60 \u79d2）\u5185\u628a\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282，\u5904\u7406\u601d\u8def\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u642d\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u597d\u4e86，\u8fc7\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u53c8\u4e0d\u884c？<\/p>\n

      \u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u578b：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d77\u6765\u540e\u6491\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u53c8\u88ab OOM \u6740\u6389，\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u88ab\u6162\u6162\u5360\u6ee1\u3002\u4f60\u53bb\u67e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b83\u521a\u597d\u6d3b\u5f97\u597d\u597d\u7684，\u6240\u4ee5\u770b\u8d77\u6765"\u597d\u4e86"\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u770b dmesg \u91cc\u7684 OOM \u8bb0\u5f55，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u597d\u4e86，\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565？<\/p>\n

      \u4e0d\u80fd，\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\u7684\u5178\u578b\u75c7\u72b6\u3002max_fails \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 1，\u4e00\u6b21\u6296\u52a8\u5c31\u6458 10 \u79d2\u2014\u2014\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u597d\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9 10 \u79d2\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fee\u6cd5\u662f\u8c03 fail_timeout \u5e76\u52a0 keepalive，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u9760\u5237\u65b0\u81ea\u6551\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u53ea\u6709 HTTPS \u6253\u4e0d\u5f00，HTTP \u80fd\u6253\u5f00，\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898？<\/p>\n

      \u8d70\u7b2c\u4e03\u8282\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7528 openssl x509 -noout -enddate \u786e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f，\u518d\u7528 date \u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6f02\u79fb\u2014\u2014\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u9519\u4e86，\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u53c8\u5f88\u7d27，\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/p>\n

      \u5148\u8dd1 tail -50 \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log，\u770b\u6700\u540e\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b，\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f02\u5e38\u600e\u4e48\u529e \u8fd9\u7c7b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u641c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7b54\u6848，\u5927\u591a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u91cd\u542f\u2014\u2014\u800c\u91cd\u542f\u6070\u6070\u4f1a\u62b9\u6389\u73b0\u573a\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u65e5\u5fd7\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u600e\u4e48\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875？<\/p>\n

      \u5148\u5206\u6e05\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a（\u95f4\u6b47\u6210\u529f）\u8fd8\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002\u95f4\u6b47\u6210\u529f\u4f18\u5148\u6000\u7591 LB \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u6296\u52a8\u3001fail_timeout \u6458\u9664\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d；\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u624d\u6309\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e5d\u6b65\u4ece\u94fe\u8def\u67e5\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927，\u522b\u6df7\u7740\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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