\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de -1，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e errno\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3 \u5f00\u542f\u76d1\u542c：listen\u51fd\u6570\u4e0eTCP\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001<\/h5>\n
UDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u5c31\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e86，\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u7b49\u8c01\u6765\u8fde\u201d\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u3002TCP\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u5b83\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6253\u4e2a\u9910\u9986\u7684\u6bd4\u65b9\u3002\u4f60\u53bb\u5403\u996d，\u8001\u677f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b88\u5728\u5e97\u91cc，\u968f\u65f6\u7b49\u7740\u5ba2\u4eba\u4e0a\u95e8\u3002\u5ba2\u4eba\u6ca1\u6765，\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5b88\u7740；\u5ba2\u4eba\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u62e8\u53c8\u4e00\u62e8，\u4ed6\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b88\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5728\u95e8\u53e3\u201d\u7684\u59ff\u6001，\u5c31\u662f\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90ae\u4ef6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u4f60\u53d1\u4e00\u5c01\u90ae\u4ef6，\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5750\u5728\u7535\u8111\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49，\u90ae\u4ef6\u5148\u8eba\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u767b\u5f55\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53d6\u3002\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u548c\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba，\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7528\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u8def\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
TCP\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u9910\u9986\u6a21\u5f0f：\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5f97\u5148\u6446\u597d\u67b6\u52bf，\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u7b49\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u8fde\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u6765，\u5b83\u5c31\u5b88\u7740；\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u4e86，\u5b83\u624d\u8d77\u8eab\u63a5\u5ba2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5listen()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，UDP\u90a3\u8fb9\u538b\u6839\u7528\u4e0d\u4e0a，TCP\u8fd9\u8fb9\u5374\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3.1 listen\u51fd\u6570\u8be6\u89e3：\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217<\/h6>\n
listen()\u5e72\u7684\u4e8b，\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u8ba9sockfd\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u6446\u597d\u67b6\u52bf，\u7b49\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0a\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95e8\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u5f97\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u7740\u5904\u7406\u3002listen()\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u7ba1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6761\u961f\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u6392\u591a\u957f\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d：<\/p>\n
#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
int listen(int sockfd, int backlog); <\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u9010\u4e2a\u62c6：<\/p>\n
- \n
- sockfd：\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528bind()\u7ed1\u597d\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u6ca1\u7ed1，\u76d1\u542c\u4e2a\u5565？\u6240\u4ee5bind\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u5728listen\u524d\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n
- backlog：\u63d0\u793a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6392\u961f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86，\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u95e8\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u201d\u3002\u6700\u591a\u5141\u8bb8backlog\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u8d85\u51fa\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u5ffd\u7565，\u8fde\u6392\u961f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5f97\u592a\u5927，5\u3001128\u90fd\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8bbe\u592a\u5927，\u961f\u5217\u5197\u957f，\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u53cd\u800c\u6dfb\u4e71；\u8bbe\u592a\u5c0f，\u53c8\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u6b63\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u6321\u5728\u95e8\u5916\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0，\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1\u3002<\/p>\n
1.3.2 \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001<\/h6>\n
\u53ea\u8981TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f\u8c03\u7528\u4e86listen()，\u8fdb\u5165LISTEN\u72b6\u6001，\u5b83\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u95e8\u5f00\u4e86，\u5c31\u7b49\u4eba\u6765\u3002\u60f3\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u54ea\u4e9b\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6b63\u5728\u76d1\u542c，Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a：<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709 TCP \u548c UDP \u76d1\u542c\u53ca\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001（\u663e\u793a PID \u53ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d）
\nnetstat -tnap<\/p>\n# \u4ec5\u67e5\u770b\u5904\u4e8e LISTEN \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\nnetstat -tnlp <\/p>\n\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570，\u9010\u4e2a\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
-t（tcp）：\u53ea\u770bTCP\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
-u（udp）：\u53ea\u770bUDP\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
-n（numeric）：\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u4e0d\u505a\u57df\u540d\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb，\u770b\u7740\u4e5f\u6e05\u723d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
-l（listening）：\u53ea\u63ea\u51fa\u5904\u4e8eLISTEN\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u60f3\u770b\u8c01\u5728\u5b88\u5e97，\u52a0\u5b83\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
-p（programs）：\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0，\u987a\u5e26\u628aPID\u4e5f\u4eae\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8c01\u5728\u76d1\u542c，\u4e00\u67e5\u4fbf\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.3.3 TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362<\/h6>\n
\u62fftelnet\u5de5\u5177\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5，\u6574\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u524d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u5b88\u5728LISTEN\u72b6\u6001，\u5b89\u5b89\u9759\u9759\u7b49\u5ba2\u4e0a\u95e8：<\/p>\n
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID\/Program name
\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1080682\/.\/tcpserver <\/p>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884ctelnet 127.0.0.1 8080\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u540e，\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u91cc\u7acb\u523b\u591a\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 ESTABLISHED \u8bb0\u5f55，\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb：<\/p>\n
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID\/Program name
\ntcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1080682\/.\/tcpserver
\ntcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:58752 127.0.0.1:8080 ESTABLISHED 1080746\/telnet
\ntcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8080 127.0.0.1:58752 ESTABLISHED – <\/p>\n\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b，\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019，netstat\u8f93\u51fa\u91cc\u5192\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u6761ESTABLISHED\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00，TCP\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 \u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u65e2\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9，\u4e5f\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u65b9，\u4e24\u6761\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u9053\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5，\u4e24\u5934\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u8def，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u5f97\u8bb0\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c，\u540c\u673a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u56de\u73af\u7f51\u5361（127.0.0.1）\u4e0a，\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u201c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3 \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u201d\u548c\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3 \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u5bf9\u79f0\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u4e24\u6761\u8fde\u63a5，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6761TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e24\u7aef，\u5404\u81ea\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e00\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n
1.4 \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5：accept\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5206\u5de5<\/h5>\n
\u5b66TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u72af\u8ff7\u7cca\u7684，\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8eaccept()\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4e4b\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c8\u7529\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26？\u539f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u53c8\u8dd1\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u4e86？<\/p>\n
1.4.1 \u4ece\u201c\u597d\u518d\u6765\u9c7c\u5e84\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7406\u89e3\u76d1\u542c\u4e0e\u63a5\u5f85<\/h6>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u897f\u6e56\u8fb9\u5f00\u7740\u4e00\u5bb6\u6781\u5176\u706b\u7206\u7684\u201c\u597d\u518d\u6765\u9c7c\u5e84\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261021001715-6ad8048b782e2.png\")
<\/p>\n\u62c9\u5ba2\u5458（\u5f20\u4e09）：\u7ad9\u5728\u9c7c\u5e84\u95e8\u53e3\u3001\u9a6c\u8def\u8fb9，\u4e13\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u70ed\u60c5\u62db\u547c\u8def\u8fc7\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u7eaf\u7cb9，\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u5230\u6709\u987e\u5ba2\u60f3\u7528\u9910，\u5c31\u628a\u4eba\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5e97，\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5e97\u5185\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u3002\u70b9\u83dc\u3001\u7aef\u8336\u3001\u5012\u6c34，\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u5f52\u4ed6\u7ba1\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b8c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5ba2\u4eba，\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u5230\u95e8\u53e3，\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c9\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5458（\u674e\u56db\u3001\u738b\u4e8c\u9ebb）：\u5750\u5728\u5e97\u5185，\u4e13\u95e8\u5bf9\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f20\u4e09\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u3002\u70b9\u83dc\u3001\u4e0a\u83dc\u3001\u966a\u804a\u3001\u7ed3\u8d26，\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5168\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u91cc，\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f97\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（listensockfd）\u5c31\u662f\u62c9\u5ba2\u5458\u5f20\u4e09\u3002\u5b83\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f7f\u547d，\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u76d1\u542c\u5916\u90e8\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u5e76\u201c\u83b7\u53d6\u201d\u8fde\u63a5，\u4e0d\u627f\u62c5\u540e\u7eed\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1（I\/O）\u3002\u62c9\u5b8c\u5ba2，\u5b83\u626d\u5934\u5c31\u8d70，\u56de\u95e8\u53e3\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b88\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u670d\u52a1\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（accept()\u8fd4\u56de\u7684sockfd）\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u674e\u56db\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e13\u95e8\u5206\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u6765\u8ddf\u8be5\u5177\u4f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884cread\/write\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u63a5\u5f85\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6536\u5c3e，\u5168\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.4.2 accept\u51fd\u6570\u8be6\u89e3：\u83b7\u53d6\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/h6>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u6446\u6b63：TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210，\u8ddf\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528accept()\u6ca1\u6709\u534a\u70b9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u8fde\u63a5\u5728accept()\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u597d\u4e86，\u5b89\u5b89\u9759\u9759\u8eba\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u3002accept()\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4f5c\u7528，\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u53d6\u8d70\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d：<\/p>\n
#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\nint accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen); <\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u9010\u4e2a\u62c6：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
sockfd：\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662flistensockfd，\u5bf9\u5e94\u62c9\u5ba2\u5458\u5f20\u4e09\u3002\u5b83\u4e13\u95e8\u4f20\u8fdbaccept()\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
addr：\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570，\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f，\u5305\u542b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8c01\u6765\u4e86，\u4e00\u67e5\u4fbf\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
addrlen：\u503c-\u7ed3\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f20\u8fdb\u53bb\u65f6，\u662faddr\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6；\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6，\u53d8\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c：\u6210\u529f\u65f6，\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u670d\u52a1\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e97\u91cc\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u5931\u8d25，\u8fd4\u56de-1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u540e\u7eed\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，read\/write，\u6216\u8005recv\/send，\u7edf\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528accept()\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u62c9\u5ba2\u5458\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u4eba\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765，\u7aef\u8336\u5012\u6c34\u3001\u70b9\u83dc\u7ed3\u8d26，\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u7684\u6d3b\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n
1.4.3 \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u5199\u5165<\/h6>\n
\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757，TCP\u8ddfUDP\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
UDP\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u62a5，\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6536\u53d1\u63a5\u53e3recvfrom\/sendto，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u72ec\u7acb\u5904\u7406，\u8fb9\u754c\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n
TCP\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41，\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5305\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6c34\u6d41\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e13\u7528\u63a5\u53e3，\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684Linux\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528read()\u548cwrite()\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5728Linux\u91cc\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u8bfb\u5199\u5b83，\u8ddf\u8bfb\u5199\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u7406\u3002\u6c34\u6d41\u8fdb\u6765，\u6c34\u6d41\u51fa\u53bb，\u5b57\u8282\u8fde\u7740\u5b57\u8282，\u8fb9\u754c\u5f97\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
1.5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668：connect\u51fd\u6570<\/h5>\n
\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b：\u901a\u8fc7socket()\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u4f7f\u7528bind()\u7ed1\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7listen()\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528accept()\u83b7\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u5462？<\/p>\n
\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662fconnect() \u51fd\u6570\u3002connect()\u662fTCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u63a5\u53e3，\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
1.5.1 connect\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h6>\n
\u9996\u5148\u6765\u770bconnect()\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b：<\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
int connect(int sockfd,
\n const struct sockaddr *addr,
\n socklen_t addrlen); <\/p>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
sockfd： \u7531 socket() \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u51c6\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
addr： \u6307\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u9488，\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
addrlen： \u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u957f\u5ea6，\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7sizeof()\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8fd4\u56de0： \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fd4\u56de-1： \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25，\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6eerrno，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7perror()\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u770b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.5.2 connect\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h6>\n
\u5728\u8c03\u7528connect()\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u521b\u5efaTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u5047\u8bbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a127.0.0.1，\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e3a8080，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u5199：<\/p>\n
#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <cstdio><\/p>\nint main()
\n{
\n \/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd == -1)
\n {
\n perror("socket");
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u586b\u5145\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740
\n struct sockaddr_in server_addr{};
\n server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n server_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);<\/p>\nif (inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1",
\n &server_addr.sin_addr) != 1)
\n {
\n fprintf(stderr, "IP\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f\u65e0\u6548\\\\n");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5
\n if (connect(sockfd,
\n (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,
\n sizeof(server_addr)) == -1)
\n {
\n perror("connect");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\nprintf("\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f！\\\\n");<\/p>\n
\/\/ 4. \u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sockfd\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1
\n \/\/ send(sockfd, …);
\n \/\/ recv(sockfd, …);<\/p>\nclose(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u56db\u6b65：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u8c03\u7528socket()\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u586b\u5199\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8c03\u7528connect()，\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2asockfd\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
1.5.3 connect\u51fd\u6570\u80cc\u540e\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h6>\n
\u8c03\u7528connect()\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eTCP\u800c\u8a00，\u5b83\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
- \n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b：\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001SYN，\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b： \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u8fd4\u56deSYN + ACK，\u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b：\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u540e，\u518d\u53d1\u9001ACK，\u53cc\u65b9\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u540e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684connect()\u8fd4\u56de0，\u540e\u7eed\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fdb\u884cTCP\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684accept()\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ece\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0e\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u7ec6\u8282：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684connect()\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de，\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u4e86accept()\u3002 TCP\u63e1\u624b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7531\u5185\u6838\u5b8c\u6210，\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u968f\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528 accept() \u53d6\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
1.5.4 connect\u3001listen\u4e0eaccept\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h6>\n
\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u6240\u5728\u4e00\u4fa7\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n \n connect()<\/td>\n \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n listen()<\/td>\n \u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/td>\n \u5c06TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f6e\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n accept()<\/td>\n \u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/td>\n \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a：<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u7528connect()\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7listen()\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528accept()\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0eaccept()\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u540e\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5，\u800c\u65b0\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u76d1\u542c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
1.5.5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u8c03\u7528bind\u5417？<\/h6>\n
\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u8fc7bind()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u7528connect()\u4e4b\u524d，\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7bind()\u6307\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5730IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5462？<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528bind()，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u672c\u5730IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136，\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u786e\u5b9e\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7aef\u53e3，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u8c03\u7528bind()\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u7ea6\u5b9a\u8bbf\u95ee；\u800c\u666e\u901a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56fa\u5b9a\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3，\u56e0\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u963b\u585e\u4e0e\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u963b\u585e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，connect()\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u8d25；\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6682\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u5b8c\u6210，\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de-1，\u5e76\u5c06errno\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a EINPROGRESS，\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7poll()\u3001select()\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u7ee7\u7eed\u5224\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\u7801\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u628aTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6765，\u5305\u62ecIP\u5730\u5740\u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b\u3001TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7c7b\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4ee5\u53caMakefile\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1 InetAddr.hpp（IP \u5730\u5740\u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b）<\/h5>\n
#pragma once<\/p>\n
#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <string>
\n#include <cstring><\/p>\nnamespace NetModule
\n{
\n class InetAddr
\n {
\n public:
\n \/\/ \u4ece sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u53d6 IP \u548c\u7aef\u53e3（\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528）
\n InetAddr(const struct sockaddr_in &addr)
\n : _addr(addr)
\n {
\n _port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);<\/p>\nchar ipbuffer[64];
\n inet_ntop(AF_INET, &_addr.sin_addr, ipbuffer, sizeof(ipbuffer));
\n _ip = ipbuffer;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u4ece IP \u548c Port \u6784\u5efa sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784（\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528）
\n InetAddr(const std::string &ip, uint16_t port)
\n : _ip(ip), _port(port)
\n {
\n memset(&_addr, 0, sizeof(_addr));
\n _addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n _addr.sin_port = htons(_port);
\n inet_pton(AF_INET, _ip.c_str(), &_addr.sin_addr);
\n }<\/p>\nstd::string Ip() const { return _ip; }
\n uint16_t Port() const { return _port; }
\n struct sockaddr_in GetAddr() const { return _addr; }<\/p>\n~InetAddr() {}<\/p>\n
private:
\n struct sockaddr_in _addr;
\n std::string _ip;
\n uint16_t _port;
\n };
\n} <\/p>\n2.2 TcpServer.hpp（TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7c7b）<\/h5>\n
#pragma once<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\n#include <functional>
\n#include <cstring>
\n#include <cstdlib>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <sys\/wait.h>
\n#include <signal.h><\/p>\n#include "InetAddr.hpp"<\/p>\n
namespace NetModule
\n{
\n \/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b：\u8f93\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n using func_t = std::function<std::string(const std::string &)>;<\/p>\nconst uint16_t DEFAULT_PORT = 8080;
\n const int BACKLOG = 5;<\/p>\nclass TcpServer
\n {
\n public:
\n TcpServer(uint16_t port = DEFAULT_PORT, func_t func = nullptr)
\n : _port(port), _func(func), _isrunning(false), _listensockfd(-1)
\n {
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316：\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 + \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740 + \u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001
\n void Init()
\n {
\n \/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n _listensockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (_listensockfd < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "socket error" << std::endl;
\n exit(1);
\n }
\n std::cout << "socket create success, listensockfd: " << _listensockfd << std::endl;<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528，\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u65f6 bind \u5931\u8d25
\n int opt = 1;
\n setsockopt(_listensockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u586b\u5145\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n struct sockaddr_in local;
\n memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
\n local.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n local.sin_port = htons(_port);
\n local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;<\/p>\n\/\/ 4. \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740
\n int n = bind(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local));
\n if (n < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "bind error" << std::endl;
\n exit(2);
\n }
\n std::cout << "bind success, port: " << _port << std::endl;<\/p>\n\/\/ 5. \u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001
\n n = listen(_listensockfd, BACKLOG);
\n if (n < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "listen error" << std::endl;
\n exit(3);
\n }
\n std::cout << "listen success" << std::endl;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668：\u5faa\u73af accept + \u8bfb\u5199
\n void Start()
\n {
\n _isrunning = true;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5ffd\u7565 SIGCHLD，\u907f\u514d\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38
\n signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);<\/p>\nwhile (_isrunning)
\n {
\n struct sockaddr_in peer;
\n socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5
\n int sockfd = accept(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &len);
\n if (sockfd < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "accept error" << std::endl;
\n continue;
\n }<\/p>\nInetAddr peerAddr(peer);
\n std::cout << "[" << peerAddr.Ip() << ":" << peerAddr.Port()
\n << "]# \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb, \u670d\u52a1\u5957\u63a5\u5b57: " << sockfd << std::endl;<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
\n pid_t id = fork();
\n if (id == 0)
\n {
\n close(_listensockfd); \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n Service(sockfd, peerAddr);
\n close(sockfd);
\n exit(0);
\n }
\n close(sockfd); \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n~TcpServer()
\n {
\n if (_listensockfd >= 0)
\n {
\n close(_listensockfd);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nprivate:
\n \/\/ \u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1
\n void Service(int sockfd, const InetAddr &peerAddr)
\n {
\n char buffer[1024];<\/p>\nwhile (true)
\n {
\n ssize_t s = read(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) – 1);
\n if (s > 0)
\n {
\n buffer[s] = 0;
\n std::string request = buffer;
\n std::cout << "[" << peerAddr.Ip() << ":" << peerAddr.Port()
\n << "]# " << request << std::endl;<\/p>\nstd::string response;
\n if (_func)
\n {
\n response = _func(request);
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n response = "Server received: " + request;
\n }<\/p>\nwrite(sockfd, response.c_str(), response.size());
\n }
\n else if (s == 0)
\n {
\n std::cout << "[" << peerAddr.Ip() << ":" << peerAddr.Port()
\n << "]# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5" << std::endl;
\n break;
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n std::cerr << "read error" << std::endl;
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nint _listensockfd;
\n uint16_t _port;
\n bool _isrunning;
\n func_t _func;
\n };
\n} <\/p>\n2.3 TcpServer.cc（\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/h5>\n
#include "TcpServer.hpp"
\n#include <memory><\/p>\n\/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u56de\u8c03：\u628a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6210\u5927\u5199\u518d\u8fd4\u56de
\nstd::string Handler(const std::string &request)
\n{
\n std::string response = request;
\n for (auto &ch : response)
\n {
\n if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
\n {
\n ch -= 32;
\n }
\n }
\n return response;
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u7528\u6cd5：.\/tcp_server [\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7]
\nint main(int argc, char *argv[])
\n{
\n uint16_t port = NetModule::DEFAULT_PORT;<\/p>\nif (argc == 2)
\n {
\n port = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::stoi(argv[1]));
\n }<\/p>\nstd::unique_ptr<NetModule::TcpServer> server =
\n std::make_unique<NetModule::TcpServer>(port, Handler);<\/p>\nserver->Init();
\n server->Start();<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n2.4 TcpClient.cc（\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/h5>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\n#include <cstring>
\n#include <cstdlib>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h><\/p>\n\/\/ \u7528\u6cd5：.\/tcp_client [\u670d\u52a1\u7aefIP] [\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3]
\nint main(int argc, char *argv[])
\n{
\n if (argc != 3)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " server_ip server_port" << std::endl;
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\nstd::string server_ip = argv[1];
\n uint16_t server_port = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::stoi(argv[2]));<\/p>\n\/\/ 1. \u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "socket error" << std::endl;
\n return 2;
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ 2. \u586b\u5145\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n struct sockaddr_in server;
\n memset(&server, 0, sizeof(server));
\n server.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n server.sin_port = htons(server_port);
\n inet_pton(AF_INET, server_ip.c_str(), &server.sin_addr);<\/p>\n\/\/ 3. \u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5（\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 bind）
\n int n = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server));
\n if (n < 0)
\n {
\n std::cerr << "connect error" << std::endl;
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 3;
\n }
\n std::cout << "connect success" << std::endl;<\/p>\n\/\/ 4. \u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u9001 + \u63a5\u6536
\n while (true)
\n {
\n std::string line;
\n std::cout << "Please Enter# ";
\n std::getline(std::cin, line);<\/p>\nif (line == "quit" || line == "exit")
\n {
\n break;
\n }<\/p>\nwrite(sockfd, line.c_str(), line.size());<\/p>\n
char buffer[1024];
\n ssize_t s = read(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) – 1);
\n if (s > 0)
\n {
\n buffer[s] = 0;
\n std::cout << "Server Response# " << buffer << std::endl;
\n }
\n else if (s == 0)
\n {
\n std::cout << "\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5" << std::endl;
\n break;
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n std::cerr << "read error" << std::endl;
\n break;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nclose(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n2.5 Makefile<\/h5>\n
.PHONY: all
\nall: tcp_server tcp_client<\/p>\ntcp_server: TcpServer.cc TcpServer.hpp InetAddr.hpp
\ng++ -o $@ $< -std=c++17<\/p>\ntcp_client: TcpClient.cc
\ng++ -o $@ $< -std=c++17<\/p>\n.PHONY: clean
\nclean:
\nrm -f tcp_server tcp_client <\/p>\n2.6 \u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h5>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1：<\/p>\n
make<\/p>\n
\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7aef（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e38080）：<\/p>\n
.\/tcp_server<\/p>\n
\u518d\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7aefIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3：<\/p>\n
.\/tcp_client 127.0.0.1 8080<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u6253\u5370，\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6210\u5927\u5199\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u8f93\u5165quit\u6216exit\u9000\u51fa\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9，\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u70b9\u8d5e\u3001\u6536\u85cf\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u4e09\u8fde\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u53cd\u9988，\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u7ee7\u7eed\u786c\u6838\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u7bc7\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hello\u5927\u5bb6\u597d，\u4e0a\u4e00\u671f\u6211\u4eec\u628aUDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u62c6\u4e86\u4e2a\u904d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc7，\u4e3b\u89d2\u6362\u6210\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684TCP，\u91cd\u70b9\u62c6\u89e3TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3API\u3002
\n\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u5148\u4ecesocket()\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001bind()\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u8bb2\u8d77，\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89c4\u8303\u4e00\u6761\u6761\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a；\u518d\u62ffUDP\u505a\u53c2\u7167，\u91cd\u70b9\u804aTCP\u72ec\u6709\u7684listen()\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001（LISTEN）&#x<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,970,205,43,211],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-116355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-tcp","tag-tcp-ip","tag-43","tag-211"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4ece\u96f6\u5165\u95e8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u516d\uff09\uff1aTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218\u2014\u2014\u4ecelisten\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1 - 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