{"id":116299,"date":"2026-10-21T05:48:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T21:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116299.html"},"modified":"2026-10-21T05:48:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T21:48:30","slug":"asyncio-%e6%9c%80%e5%ae%b9%e6%98%93%e8%b8%a9%e7%9a%84-5-%e4%b8%aa%e5%9d%91%ef%bc%8c%e7%ac%ac-4-%e4%b8%aa%e6%88%91%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%ba%86%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%8b%e5%8d%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/116299.html","title":{"rendered":"asyncio \u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u5751\uff0c\u7b2c 4 \u4e2a\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5348"},"content":{"rendered":"

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asyncio \u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684 5 \u4e2a\u5751，\u7b2c 4 \u4e2a\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5348<\/h2>\n

\u628a\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u6210 asyncio，\u542c\u7740\u633a\u7b80\u5355，run\u3001await\u3001create_task \u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5f80\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u4e00\u585e\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6539\u8d77\u6765，\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8b\u60c5\u6ca1\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u987a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u8e29\u8fc7\u7684\u5751，\u90fd\u662f\u7f51\u4e0a\u8d44\u6599\u4e0d\u591a\u63d0\u3001\u4f46\u53c8\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u683d\u8ddf\u5934\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5751 1：\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u8c03 await<\/h3>\n

\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u9519\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

def<\/span> process_data<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n resp =<\/span> requests.<\/span>get(<\/span>url)<\/span> # \u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e<\/span>
\n return<\/span> resp.<\/span>json(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u8bf4，\u6ca1\u4e8b，\u6211\u6362\u6210 asyncio \u8bd5\u8bd5：<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> process_data<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n resp =<\/span> await<\/span> session.<\/span>get(<\/span>url)<\/span> # \u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u534f\u7a0b<\/span>
\n return<\/span> resp.<\/span>json(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

await \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5fc5\u987b\u5728 async def \u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a def，\u91cc\u5934 await \u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5462？\u4f60\u5728 async \u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u8c03\u4e86\u540c\u6b65 IO，\u7167\u6837\u963b\u585e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> handler<\/span>(<\/span>request)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n data =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>"big.txt"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>read(<\/span>)<\/span> # \u540c\u6b65 IO，\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u88ab\u5361\u4f4f<\/span>
\n return<\/span> web.<\/span>Response(<\/span>text=<\/span>data)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c read \u4f1a\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u505c\u4f4f，\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u522b\u7684\u534f\u7a0b\u90fd\u5f97\u7b49\u5b83\u8bfb\u5b8c\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7528 aiofiles，\u6216\u8005\u628a\u540c\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e22\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u91cc：<\/p>\n

loop =<\/span> asyncio.<\/span>get_event_loop(<\/span>)<\/span>
\ndata =<\/span> await<\/span> loop.<\/span>run_in_executor(<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>"big.txt"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>read)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5751 2：\u5fd8\u4e86\u5173 ClientSession<\/h3>\n

aiohttp \u7684 ClientSession \u7528\u5b8c\u4e0d\u5173，\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u91cc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6302\u7740，\u76f4\u5230\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> fetch<\/span>(<\/span>url)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n async<\/span> with<\/span> aiohttp.<\/span>ClientSession(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> session:<\/span> # \u2705 \u7528 async with<\/span>
\n async<\/span> with<\/span> session.<\/span>get(<\/span>url)<\/span> as<\/span> resp:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> await<\/span> resp.<\/span>text(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u662f：<\/p>\n

session =<\/span> aiohttp.<\/span>ClientSession(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n# … \u7528\u5b8c\u6ca1\u5173<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a session \u91cc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u7559\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u624d\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u662f\u957f\u8dd1\u7684，\u8fde\u63a5\u8d8a\u79ef\u8d8a\u591a，\u6700\u540e\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8017\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5751 3：gather \u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u9519，\u5168\u90e8\u4e00\u8d77\u6302<\/h3>\n

results =<\/span> await<\/span> asyncio.<\/span>gather(<\/span>
\n fetch(<\/span>url1)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n fetch(<\/span>url2)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n fetch(<\/span>url3)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c url2 \u90a3\u4e2a fetch \u629b\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b gather \u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u5f02\u5e38\u629b\u51fa\u6765，url1 \u548c url3 \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u52a0 return_exceptions=True：<\/p>\n

results =<\/span> await<\/span> asyncio.<\/span>gather(<\/span>
\n fetch(<\/span>url1)<\/span>,<\/span> fetch(<\/span>url2)<\/span>,<\/span> fetch(<\/span>url3)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n return_exceptions=<\/span>True<\/span>
\n)<\/span>
\n# results \u91cc\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7ed3\u679c，\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> r in<\/span> results:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>r,<\/span> Exception)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n log(<\/span>r)<\/span>
\n else<\/span>:<\/span>
\n use(<\/span>r)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5751 4：\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u53ea\u80fd\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e8b\u6211\u683d\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21，\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5348\u624d\u660e\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n

import<\/span> asyncio<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> hello<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>"hello"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n await<\/span> asyncio.<\/span>sleep(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>"world"<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

asyncio.<\/span>run(<\/span>hello(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\nasyncio.<\/span>run(<\/span>hello(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4f1a\u62a5 "RuntimeError: Event loop is closed"<\/span><\/p>\n

asyncio.run() \u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af，\u8dd1\u5b8c\u4f60\u7ed9\u7684\u534f\u7a0b，\u518d\u5173\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 asyncio.run \u65f6，\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91cc\u590d\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u5faa\u73af，\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3"\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801\u8dd1\u4e24\u904d"\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u2014\u2014\u522b\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u9876\u5c42\u5199 asyncio.run()，\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b83\u5305\u5728 if __name__ == "__main__": \u91cc，\u6216\u8005\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f Jupyter Notebook\u3002Notebook \u91cc\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af，\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5 asyncio.run() \u4f1a\u548c\u5b83\u51b2\u7a81，\u8981\u4e48\u7528 nest_asyncio，\u8981\u4e48\u7528 await \u76f4\u63a5\u8dd1（Notebook \u9876\u5c42 await \u662f\u652f\u6301\u7684）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5751 5：CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u4efb\u52a1\u4e22\u7ed9 asyncio<\/h3>\n

asyncio \u9002\u5408 IO \u5bc6\u96c6\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u7684（\u6bd4\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6），\u4e22\u7ed9 asyncio \u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u6162\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u5360\u7740 CPU \u4e0d\u8ba9\u51fa，\u5176\u4ed6\u534f\u7a0b\u5168\u5f97\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7528 ProcessPoolExecutor：<\/p>\n

from<\/span> concurrent.<\/span>futures import<\/span> ProcessPoolExecutor<\/p>\n

async<\/span> def<\/span> heavy_computation<\/span>(<\/span>data)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n loop =<\/span> asyncio.<\/span>get_event_loop(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n with<\/span> ProcessPoolExecutor(<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> pool:<\/span>
\n result =<\/span> await<\/span> loop.<\/span>run_in_executor(<\/span>pool,<\/span> cpu_heavy_func,<\/span> data)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> result<\/p>\n

run_in_executor \u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e22\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u91cc\u6267\u884c，\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5361\u4f4f\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u5199\u6cd5 IO \u5bc6\u96c6\u548c CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u90fd\u80fd cover\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n

asyncio \u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u5de5\u5177，\u4f46\u5b83\u7684"\u7b80\u5355"\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n