{"id":115576,"date":"2026-10-12T17:17:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T09:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/115576.html"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:17:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T09:17:12","slug":"linux%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bd%9cnginxhaproxy%e5%9b%9b%e5%b1%82%e4%b8%83%e5%b1%82%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e5%ae%9e%e6%93%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/115576.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u6218\uff5cNginx+HAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u64cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u6218｜Nginx+HAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u64cd<\/h2>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u9002\u5408CentOS7\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5165\u95e8\u540c\u5b66，\u8bfb\u5b8c\u672c\u6587\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4f1a：<\/p>\n

  • \u7406\u89e3\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3，\u5206\u6e05\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u5173\u7cfb，\u8ba4\u8bc6Nginx\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7248\u672c\u5dee\u5f02；<\/li>\n
  • Nginx\u7684upstream\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u64cd，\u638c\u63e1\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6743\u91cd\u3001ip_hash\u3001least_conn\u7b49\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5，\u540e\u7aef\u8282\u70b9backup\u3001down\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u6cd5；<\/li>\n
  • HAProxy\u57fa\u7840\u539f\u7406，\u5206\u6e05\u56db\u5c42TCP\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u4e03\u5c42HTTP\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u533a\u522b，\u7406\u89e3X\u2011Forwarded\u2011For\u83b7\u53d6\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP；<\/li>\n
  • HAProxy\u914d\u7f6efrontend\/backend\/listen\u4e09\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u5199\u6cd5，ACL\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219\u3001Web\u72b6\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u9762\u677f；<\/li>\n
  • \u5b8c\u6574\u591a\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u590d\u73b0，\u4ece\u540e\u7aefWeb\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6574\u5957\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u8bfe\u5802\u591a\u673a\u73af\u5883\u5b9e\u64cd，\u9700\u8981\u591a\u53f0CentOS\u865a\u62df\u673a\u642d\u5efa\u96c6\u7fa4\u73af\u5883，\u9002\u5408\u5b66\u4e60Web\u96c6\u7fa4\u5165\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u524d\u7f6e\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n

    \u2705 \u73af\u5883：\u591a\u53f0CentOS7\u865a\u62df\u673a；\u5efa\u8bae\u51c6\u5907：1\u53f0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668，3\u53f0\u540e\u7aefWeb\u8282\u70b9，1\u53f0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u53ef\u9009\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e3b\u673a；\u5173\u95edSELinux\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899； \u2705 \u524d\u7f6e\u77e5\u8bc6：\u719f\u6089Nginx\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u7f51\u7edcIP\/\u7f51\u5173\u57fa\u7840，\u4e86\u89e3HTTP\u57fa\u7840； \u2705 \u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d：\u6982\u5ff5\u642d\u914d\u901a\u4fd7\u6bd4\u55bb，\u914d\u7f6e\u5e26\u6ce8\u91ca，\u8ddf\u7740\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u73b0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

    💡\u4ee3\u7801\u5757#\u540e\u9762\u4e3a\u6ce8\u91ca，\u4e0d\u8981\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u26a0\ufe0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0eSELinux；\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u653e\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e00\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

    \u6bd4\u55bb：\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5c31\u50cf\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u53f0\u63a5\u5f85，\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u6765，\u524d\u53f0\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u9762\u591a\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5458\u5de5\u5904\u7406，\u907f\u514d\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e72\u6d3b\u7d2f\u6b7b，\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b，\u540c\u65f6\u4e00\u53f0\u5458\u5de5\u6302\u6389，\u5176\u4ed6\u5458\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e72\u6d3b，\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u5728\u771f\u5b9eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u524d\u9762，\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee3\u7406，\u4ee3\u7406\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u540e\u7aef\u591a\u53f0Web\u673a\u5668，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u7528\u6237\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP；<\/li>\n
    • \u4ee3\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8f6c\u53d1\u540e\u7aef，\u62ff\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237；<\/li>\n
    • \u540e\u7aefWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u516c\u7f51IP，\u5168\u90e8\u6d41\u91cf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nginx\u5e38\u89c1\u7248\u672c\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u7248\u672c\u7279\u70b9\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u5b98\u65b9Nginx<\/td>\n\u5f00\u6e90\u514d\u8d39，\u57fa\u7840\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a，\u5b66\u4e60\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9996\u9009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Nginx Plus<\/td>\n\u5546\u4e1a\u4ed8\u8d39，\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c98\u6027\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u4f01\u4e1a\u5546\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      OpenResty<\/td>\nNginx + LuaJIT，\u652f\u6301Lua\u4e8c\u6b21\u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Tengine<\/td>\n\u963f\u91cc\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684Nginx\u5206\u652f，\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5757<\/td>\n\u56fd\u5185\u5927\u578b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e1a\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u4e8c\u3001Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u64cd（upstream\u6a21\u5757）<\/h3>\n

      \u5b9e\u9a8c\u62d3\u6251<\/h4>\n\n\u4e3b\u673a\u540dIP\u89d2\u8272<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      nginx.user.cloud<\/td>\n10.1.8.10<\/td>\nNginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      web1.user.cloud<\/td>\n10.1.8.11<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aefWeb\u8282\u70b91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      web2.user.cloud<\/td>\n10.1.8.12<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aefWeb\u8282\u70b92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      web3.user.cloud<\/td>\n10.1.8.13<\/td>\n\u540e\u7aefWeb\u8282\u70b93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      client1.user.cloud<\/td>\n10.1.8.21<\/td>\n\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u5b9e\u9a8c\u524d\u63d0：\u5168\u90e8\u673a\u5668\u5173\u95edselinux\u3001\u5173\u95edfirewalld；\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

      2.1 \u90e8\u7f72\u540e\u7aefWeb\u8282\u70b9（web1\u2011web3\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u5668）<\/h4>\n

      \u4e09\u53f0web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c，\u9875\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u673a\u540d，\u65b9\u4fbf\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u53d1\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

      yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> nginx
      \n# \u9875\u9762\u6807\u8bb0\u672c\u673a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d，\u7528\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bf7\u6c42\u843d\u5230\u54ea\u53f0\u673a\u5668<\/span>
      \necho<\/span> "Welcome to $(<\/span>hostname<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span> ><\/span> \/usr\/share\/nginx\/html\/index.html
      \nsystemctl enable<\/span> nginx –now<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\u7aef\u5355\u673a\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38：<\/p>\n

      curl<\/span> 10.1<\/span>.8.11
      \ncurl<\/span> 10.1<\/span>.8.12
      \ncurl<\/span> 10.1<\/span>.8.13<\/p>\n

      2.2 Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n

      \u5b89\u88c5nginx，\u65b0\u5efa\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

      yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> nginx
      \n# \u521b\u5efa\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
      \nvim<\/span> \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/proxy.conf<\/p>\n

      \u5199\u5165\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

      # upstream：\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4，\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4\u540d\u53ebweb<\/span>
      \nupstream web {<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80;<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80;<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      server {<\/span>
      \n listen 80<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n server_name www.user.cloud;<\/span>
      \n location \/ {<\/span>
      \n # \u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e0a\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684web\u540e\u7aef\u7ec4<\/span>
      \n proxy_pass http:\/\/web;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6821\u9a8c\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u542f\u52a8nginx<\/p>\n

      nginx -t<\/span>
      \nsystemctl enable<\/span> nginx –now<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u914d\u7f6ehosts\u89e3\u6790\u57df\u540d\u505a\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n

      echo<\/span> "10.1.8.10 www.user.cloud"<\/span> >><\/span> \/etc\/hosts
      \n# \u5faa\u73af90\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42，\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570<\/span>
      \nfor<\/span> i<\/span> in<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>..<\/span>90<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>do<\/span> curl<\/span> -s<\/span> www.user.cloud;<\/span>done<\/span>|<\/span>sort<\/span>|<\/span>uniq<\/span> -c<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b97\u6cd5，\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5404\u5206\u914d30\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

      2.3 upstream\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h4>\n

      upstream web {<\/span>
      \n keepalive 32<\/span>;<\/span> # worker\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fdd\u6301\u540e\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u91cf<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80 weight<\/span>=<\/span>2<\/span> max_fails<\/span>=<\/span>3<\/span> fail_timeout<\/span>=<\/span>30s;<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80 backup;<\/span> # backup：\u5907\u7528\u673a\u5668，\u5168\u90e8\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\u624d\u542f\u7528<\/span>
      \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80 down;<\/span> # down：\u624b\u52a8\u4e0b\u7ebf，\u4e0d\u63a5\u6536\u4e1a\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • weight：\u6743\u91cd，\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a；<\/li>\n
      • max_fails：\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570；<\/li>\n
      • fail_timeout：\u5931\u8d25\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u8fbe\u5230\u5931\u8d25\u6b21\u6570\u4e34\u65f6\u9694\u79bb\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9；<\/li>\n
      • backup：\u5907\u7528\u8282\u70b9，\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5168\u90e8\u6302\u6389\u624d\u63a5\u7ba1\u6d41\u91cf；<\/li>\n
      • down：\u624b\u52a8\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0b\u7ebf\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.4 Nginx\u4e3b\u6d41\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

        1）\u8f6e\u8be2 round\u2011robin（Nginx\u9ed8\u8ba4）<\/h5>\n

        \u8bf7\u6c42\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6d41\u5206\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u81ea\u52a8\u5254\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

        upstream web {<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2，\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7528，\u6743\u91cd\u8d8a\u9ad8\u5206\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d8a\u591a<\/p>\n

        upstream web {<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80 weight<\/span>=<\/span>10<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80 weight<\/span>=<\/span>20<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80 weight<\/span>=<\/span>30<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        2）ip_hash \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301<\/h5>\n

        \u6839\u636e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6e90IP\u505ahash，\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u6c38\u8fdc\u843d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u89e3\u51b3session\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e22\u5931\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7f3a\u70b9：\u5185\u7f51NAT\u73af\u5883\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP，\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6d41\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668，\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

        upstream web {<\/span>
        \n ip_hash;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        3）least_conn \u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5<\/h5>\n

        \u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u8282\u70b9，\u9002\u5408\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

        upstream web {<\/span>
        \n least_conn;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        4）hash \u901a\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c（url_hash）<\/h5>\n

        \u6839\u636eURL\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u53d1，\u9002\u5408\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f；\u5b98\u65b9nginx\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

        upstream web {<\/span>
        \n hash<\/span> $request_uri<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80;<\/span>
        \n server 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        least_time\u6700\u5c11\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u7b97\u6cd5，\u53ea\u6709Nginx Plus\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u63d0\u4f9b，\u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e09\u3001HAProxy\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/h3>\n

        HAProxy\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6，\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u56db\u5c42TCP\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u4e03\u5c42HTTP\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861，\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1，\u5927\u91cf\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u9879\u76ee\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.1 \u56db\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406 vs \u4e03\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \u4e03\u5c42（HTTP）：\u89e3\u6790HTTP\u534f\u8bae，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6header\u3001cookie\u3001url；\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u57df\u540d\u3001URL\u8def\u5f84\u505a\u590d\u6742\u5206\u53d1；\u540e\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6e90IP\u662fHAProxy，\u9700\u8981X\u2011Forwarded\u2011For\u62ff\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u56db\u5c42（TCP）：\u4e0d\u89e3\u6790\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5185\u5bb9，\u53ea\u8f6c\u53d1TCP\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u53ea\u8bc6\u522bIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3；\u8f6c\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u6781\u9ad8，\u652f\u6301MySQL\u3001SSH\u7b49\u975eHTTP\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4e24\u6761TCP\u94fe\u8def：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2194 HAProxy；HAProxy \u2194 \u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4e24\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u5168\u90e8\u6d41\u91cf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

          3.2 HAProxy\u5e38\u7528\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          roundrobin<\/td>\n\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2，\u52a8\u6001，\u652f\u6301\u6743\u91cd\u8c03\u6574<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          static\u2011rr<\/td>\n\u9759\u6001\u8f6e\u8be2，\u6743\u91cd\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          leastconn<\/td>\n\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5148，\u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e1a\u52a1\u9996\u9009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          source<\/td>\n\u6e90IP\u54c8\u5e0c，\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301，\u7c7b\u4f3cnginx ip_hash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          uri<\/td>\n\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42URI\u54c8\u5e0c，\u7f13\u5b58\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          hdr(name)<\/td>\n\u6839\u636eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u54c8\u5e0c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          3.3 HAProxy\u4e03\u5c42HTTP\u4ee3\u7406\u5b9e\u64cd<\/h4>\n

          \u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u6cbf\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u53f0web\u540e\u7aef：10.1.8.11\u201113\u3002 haproxy\u673a\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

          yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> haproxy
          \ncp<\/span> \/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg{<\/span>,.ori}<\/span> #\u5907\u4efd\u539f\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e<\/span>
          \nvim<\/span> \/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg<\/p>\n

          \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e03\u5c42HTTP\u914d\u7f6e，\u4f7f\u7528frontend\u2011backend\u5199\u6cd5，\u642d\u914dACL\u89c4\u5219\u5b9e\u73b0\u6309\u540e\u7f00\u5206\u6d41：<\/p>\n

          # frontend：\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u524d\u7aef\u5165\u53e3<\/span>
          \nfrontend front_web
          \n bind<\/span> *:80
          \n default_backend back_web
          \n # acl \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219，\u5339\u914d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5.txt\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/span>
          \n acl is_txt url_reg -i<\/span> \\\\<\/span>.txt$
          \n # \u5982\u679c\u5339\u914dis_txt\u89c4\u5219，\u5c31\u4ea4\u7ed9back_test\u540e\u7aef\u7ec4<\/span>
          \n use_backend back_test if<\/span> is_txt<\/p>\n

          # \u9ed8\u8ba4web\u540e\u7aef\u7ec4<\/span>
          \nbackend back_web
          \n balance roundrobin
          \n server web1 10.1<\/span>.8.11:80 check
          \n server web2 10.1<\/span>.8.12:80 check
          \n server web3 10.1<\/span>.8.13:80 check<\/p>\n

          # txt\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e13\u7528\u540e\u7aef，\u540e\u7aefweb\u5f00\u542f81\u7aef\u53e3<\/span>
          \nbackend back_test
          \n balance roundrobin
          \n server test1 10.1<\/span>.8.11:81 check
          \n server test2 10.1<\/span>.8.12:81 check
          \n server test3 10.1<\/span>.8.13:81 check<\/p>\n

          \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e：check\u5f00\u542f\u540e\u7aef\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5，\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u81ea\u52a8\u5254\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u540e\u7aefweb\u673a\u5668\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u542f81\u7aef\u53e3\u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n

          # web1\u2011web3\u5168\u90e8\u6267\u884c<\/span>
          \nmkdir<\/span> \/test
          \necho<\/span> "hello html from $(<\/span>hostname<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span> ><\/span> \/test\/index.html
          \necho<\/span> "hello txt from $(<\/span>hostname<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span> ><\/span> \/test\/index.txt
          \ncat<\/span> ><\/span> \/etc\/nginx\/conf.d\/vhost-test.conf <<<\/span>'EOF'
          \nserver {
          \n listen 81;
          \n root \/test;
          \n}
          \nEOF<\/span>
          \nsystemctl restart nginx<\/p>\n

          \u542f\u52a8haproxy\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

          systemctl enable<\/span> haproxy –now<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

          # \u666e\u901a80\u8bf7\u6c42，\u843d\u5230back_web\u7ec4<\/span>
          \nfor<\/span> n<\/span> in<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>..<\/span>90<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span> do<\/span> curl<\/span> [<\/span>http:\/\/10.1.8.10]<\/span>(<\/span>http:\/\/10.1.8.10)<\/span> -s;<\/span> done<\/span> |<\/span>sort<\/span>|<\/span>uniq<\/span> -c<\/span>
          \n# \u8bbf\u95eetxt\u540e\u7f00，\u89e6\u53d1acl\u89c4\u5219，\u843d\u5230back_test 81\u7aef\u53e3\u7ec4<\/span>
          \ncurl<\/span> [<\/span>http:\/\/10.1.8.10\/index.txt]<\/span>(<\/span>http:\/\/10.1.8.10\/index.txt)<\/span><\/p>\n

          3.4 HAProxy\u56db\u5c42TCP\u4ee3\u7406\u793a\u4f8b（\u4ee3\u7406SSH）<\/h4>\n

          \u4f7f\u7528listen\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u914d\u7f6e，\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1TCP\u6d41\u91cf，\u4ee3\u7406SSH 22\u7aef\u53e3，\u5bf9\u5916\u76d1\u542c1022\u7aef\u53e3：<\/p>\n

          listen ssh_proxy
          \n mode tcp # mode tcp \u5f00\u542f\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
          \n bind<\/span> *:1022
          \n balance roundrobin
          \n server web1 10.1<\/span>.8.11:22 check
          \n server web2 10.1<\/span>.8.12:22 check
          \n server web3 10.1<\/span>.8.13:22 check<\/p>\n

          \u91cd\u542fhaproxy，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5：<\/p>\n

          # \u901a\u8fc71022\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee3\u7406ssh\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7aef\u673a\u5668<\/span>
          \nfor<\/span> n<\/span> in<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>..<\/span>90<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span> do<\/span> ssh<\/span> root@10.1.8.10 -p<\/span> 1022<\/span> hostname<\/span> 2<\/span>><\/span>\/dev\/null;<\/span>done<\/span>|<\/span>sort<\/span>|<\/span>uniq<\/span> -c<\/span><\/p>\n

          3.5 HAProxy\u76d1\u63a7\u7edf\u8ba1\u9762\u677f<\/h4>\n

          \u589e\u52a0\u76d1\u63a7\u9875\u9762\u914d\u7f6e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u67e5\u770b\u540e\u7aef\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7edf\u8ba1：<\/p>\n

          listen haproxy_stats
          \n bind<\/span> *:8404
          \n stats enable<\/span>
          \n stats uri \/stats
          \n stats auth admin:123456<\/p>\n

          \u91cd\u542fhaproxy，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/IP:8404\/stats，\u8f93\u5165\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u67e5\u770b\u96c6\u7fa4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          🚨\u65b0\u624b\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\u5408\u96c6<\/h3>\n
        • \n

          \u274cNginx upstream\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u8bbf\u95ee\u62a5\u9519502 Bad Gateway<\/p>\n

          \u2705\u6392\u67e5：\u540e\u7aefweb\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38；\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u901a；\u9632\u706b\u5899\/selinux；proxy_pass\u540e\u9762\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e0eupstream\u7ec4\u540d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cip_hash\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u7f51\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5168\u90e8\u6253\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u540e\u7aef<\/p>\n

          \u2705NAT\u5185\u7f51\u73af\u5883，\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51\u51fa\u53e3IP，ip_hash\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u8be5\u573a\u666f；\u6539\u7528\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2\/least_conn\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cNginx\u914d\u7f6ebackup\u5907\u7528\u8282\u70b9，\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u63a5\u6536\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n

          \u2705backup\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u4e3bserver\u6545\u969c\u4e0b\u7ebf\u4e4b\u540e，\u624d\u4f1a\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u91cf，\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cHAProxy\u4e03\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406，\u540e\u7aef\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u771f\u5b9e\u8bbf\u95eeIP<\/p>\n

          \u2705HAProxy\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6e90IP\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u81ea\u8eab；\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6eX\u2011Forwarded\u2011For\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u540e\u7aefweb\u8bfb\u53d6\u8be5http\u5934\u62ff\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cHAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8cssh\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

          \u2705\u786e\u8ba4mode tcp；\u540e\u7aefsshd\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38；check\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5931\u8d25，\u770bhaproxy\u65e5\u5fd7\u6392\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cacl\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u751f\u6548，txt\u540e\u7f00\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u7aef<\/p>\n

          \u2705acl\u8bed\u6cd5；url_reg\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5199\u6cd5；\u914d\u7f6e\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u8f7dhaproxy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274cNginx\u7684least_time\u7b97\u6cd5\u914d\u7f6e\u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n

          \u2705\u5f00\u6e90\u514d\u8d39Nginx\u4e0d\u652f\u6301least_time，\u8be5\u7279\u6027\u4ec5Nginx Plus\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u274chaproxy\u76d1\u63a7\u9875\u9762\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00<\/p>\n

          \u2705\u786e\u8ba4\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u653e\u884c；\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e；\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
        • \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u539f\u7406：\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d41\u91cf\u5165\u53e3，\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u591a\u53f0\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5bb9\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u9694\u79bb；\u5206\u6e05Nginx\u5404\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n
        • Nginx upstream\u6a21\u5757：\u652f\u6301\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u52a0\u6743\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001ip_hash\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3001least_conn\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5；\u638c\u63e1weight\u3001backup\u3001down\u3001max_fails\u53c2\u6570；\u5f00\u6e90\u7248\u65e0least_time\u3002<\/li>\n
        • HAProxy：\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u56db\u5c42TCP\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u4e03\u5c42HTTP\u4ee3\u7406；frontend\/backend\u5206\u79bb\u914d\u7f6e，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528listen\u4e00\u4f53\u5316；acl\u5b9e\u73b0\u6309URL\u540e\u7f00\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u8def\u7531；\u5185\u7f6eweb\u76d1\u63a7\u9762\u677f；\u652f\u6301roundrobin\u3001leastconn\u3001source\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u56db\u5c42\u53ea\u8f6c\u53d1TCP\u62a5\u6587，\u9002\u5408SSH\u3001MySQL\u7b49TCP\u4e1a\u52a1；\u4e03\u5c42\u89e3\u6790HTTP，\u53ef\u4ee5\u505aURL\u3001header\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u53d1；\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u540e\u7aef\u9ed8\u8ba4\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u7406IP，\u4e03\u5c42\u9700\u8981X\u2011Forwarded\u2011For\u4f20\u9012\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u3002<\/li>\n

          \u601d\u8003\u9898&\u4e92\u52a8<\/h3>\n
        • Nginx\u4e2dip_hash\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？\u4ec0\u4e48\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528ip_hash？<\/li>\n
        • HAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406mode tcp\u4e0e\u4e03\u5c42http\u6a21\u5f0f，\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48，\u5206\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1a\u52a1？<\/li>\n
        • upstream\u91cc\u9762backup\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/li>\n
        • HAProxy\u7684acl\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u5c42\u751f\u6548，\u56db\u5c42TCP\u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528url_reg\u5339\u914dURL？<\/li>\n

          \u6b22\u8fce\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u5206\u4eab\u8e29\u5751，\u591a\u673a\u73af\u5883\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u73b0\u5b9e\u9a8c，\u7406\u89e3\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u523b！<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Linux\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u6218｜NginxHAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u64cd
          \n\u5f15\u8a00
          \n\u672c\u7bc7\u9002\u5408CentOS7\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5165\u95e8\u540c\u5b66，\u8bfb\u5b8c\u672c\u6587\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4f1a：
          \n\u7406\u89e3\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3，\u5206\u6e05\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u5173\u7cfb，\u8ba4\u8bc6Nginx\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7248\u672c\u5dee\u5f02；Nginx\u7684upstream\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u64cd，\u638c\u63e1\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6743\u91cd\u3001ip_hash\u3001least_conn\u7b49\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5，\u540e\u7aef\u8282\u70b9backup\u3001down\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,117,43,258,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-115576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-nginx","tag-43","tag-258","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u6218\uff5cNginx+HAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u64cd - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/115576.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b9e\u6218\uff5cNginx+HAProxy\u56db\u5c42\u4e03\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u64cd - 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