{"id":115046,"date":"2026-10-11T00:41:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T16:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/115046.html"},"modified":"2026-10-11T00:41:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T16:41:14","slug":"linux-%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e6%bb%a1%e4%ba%86%e4%bd%86-du-%e6%89%be%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%b0lvm-%e6%89%a9%e5%ae%b9-df-%e4%b8%8d%e5%8f%98fstab-%e5%86%99%e9%94%99%e5%bc%80%e4%b8%8d%e4%ba%86%e6%9c%ba%e4%b8%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/115046.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f46 du \u627e\u4e0d\u5230?LVM \u6269\u5bb9 df \u4e0d\u53d8?fstab \u5199\u9519\u5f00\u4e0d\u4e86\u673a?\u4e09\u53f0\u771f\u673a\u5b9e\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8\u6392\u67e5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h3>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898,\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528,\u800c\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837:\u5220\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ca1\u56de\u6765\u3001\u6269\u4e86\u5bb9 df \u6ca1\u53d8\u3001fstab \u770b\u7740\u6ca1\u9519\u91cd\u542f\u5374\u8d77\u4e0d\u6765\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u5728\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u9010\u4e2a\u590d\u73b0,\u8d34\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u673a\u5668\u6839\u5206\u533a\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
CentOS 7.9(VMware)<\/td>\n\/dev\/mapper\/centos-root xfs(LVM)<\/td>\n\u6807\u51c6\u88c5\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rocky 9.8(LXD \u865a\u62df\u673a)<\/td>\n\/dev\/sda2 ext4,\u6ca1\u6709 LVM<\/td>\ncloud \u955c\u50cf,\u548c ISO \u5b89\u88c5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 xfs + LVM \u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ubuntu 24.04.5(LXD \u865a\u62df\u673a)<\/td>\n\/dev\/sda2 ext4<\/td>\ncloud \u955c\u50cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

🔴 \u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u5728 loop \u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u505a(truncate \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8),\u4e0d\u78b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8\u3002fstab \u91cd\u542f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ea\u5728\u4e24\u53f0 LXD \u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u505a,\u505a\u5b8c\u56de\u6eda\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u88c5\u7684\u5de5\u5177(\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u524d\u8865\u88c5\u7684):<\/p>\n\nCentOS 7Rocky 9Ubuntu 24.04<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
lsof<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fuser(psmisc)<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lvm<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
growpart<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
iostat<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

1. df \u8bf4\u6ee1\u4e86,du \u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 \u2014\u2014 \u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u4e86\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5f00\u7740 \u2705<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u5757 1G \u7684 ext4 \u4e0a\u5199 300M \u65e5\u5fd7,\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u5f00\u7740\u5b83,\u7136\u540e rm:<\/p>\n

== rm \u4e4b\u524d:
\n\/dev\/loop0 974 301 607 34% \/mnt\/lab
\n== rm \u4e4b\u540e:
\n\/dev\/loop0 974 301 607 34% \/mnt\/lab
\n== du:
\n1\/mnt\/lab<\/p>\n

(\u5355\u4f4d MB,Rocky 9;\u4e09\u53f0\u4e00\u6837\u3002)rm \u524d\u540e df \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u6ca1\u53d8,du \u53ea\u5269 1M\u3002 \u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6d88\u5931\u4e86,\u4f46\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u62ff\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u53e5\u67c4,\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u4f46\u8fd8\u88ab\u5360\u7740\u300d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6:<\/p>\n

# lsof +L1 | grep -E 'COMMAND|\/mnt\/lab'
\nCOMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NLINK NODE NAME
\nsleep 9572 root 3w REG 7,0 314572800 0 12 \/mnt\/lab\/big.log (deleted)<\/p>\n

NLINK 0 + (deleted) \u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u3002\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u542f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8bdd,\u901a\u8fc7 \/proc \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u67c4\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u7a7a:<\/p>\n

# ls -l \/proc\/9572\/fd | grep deleted
\nl-wx——. 1 root root 64 Sep 21 17:02 3 -> \/mnt\/lab\/big.log (deleted)<\/p>\n

# : > \/proc\/9572\/fd\/3
\n== \u6e05\u7a7a \/proc\/9572\/fd\/3 \u4e4b\u540e:
\n\/dev\/loop0 974 1 907 1% \/mnt\/lab<\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u95f4\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f lsof \u4e09\u53f0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u6ca1\u88c5\u3002\u53e6\u5916 lsof -t +L1 \/mnt\/lab \u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u76ee\u5f55\u300d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5,\u6211\u5b9e\u6d4b\u65f6\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u522b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7,\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u5e26\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u518d grep\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2. \u6e05\u7a7a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7528 >,\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u624b\u518c\u6ca1\u5199\u7684\u5751 \u2705<\/h3>\n

\u300c\u6e05\u65e5\u5fd7\u522b\u7528 rm,\u7528 > file \u6216 truncate -s 0\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u6761\u662f\u5bf9\u7684,\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5404\u5199 200M \u65e5\u5fd7:A \u7528\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f(>>)\u6253\u5f00,B \u7528\u8986\u76d6\u65b9\u5f0f(>)\u6253\u5f00\u3002\u5199\u5b8c\u540e\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd : > \u6e05\u7a7a,\u7136\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5404\u518d\u5199\u4e00\u884c:<\/p>\n

== \u521a\u6e05\u7a7a:
\n0 \/mnt\/lab\/a.log
\n0 \/mnt\/lab\/b.log
\n== \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53c8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u540e(ls \u770b\u5927\u5c0f \/ du \u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u7528):
\n5 \/mnt\/lab\/a.log
\n209715205 \/mnt\/lab\/b.log
\n4\/mnt\/lab\/a.log
\n4\/mnt\/lab\/b.log<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u53f0\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u7684 a.log \u6b63\u5e38,\u53ea\u6709\u65b0\u5199\u7684 5 \u5b57\u8282;\u8986\u76d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u7684 b.log,ls \u663e\u793a\u53c8\u53d8\u56de 200M \u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0:B \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bb0\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c 200M \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e,\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u540e\u5b83\u63a5\u7740\u5728\u7b2c 200M \u5904\u5199,\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\u53d8\u6210\u300c\u7a7a\u6d1e\u300d\u3002du \u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u5360 4K(\u7a7a\u95f4\u786e\u5b9e\u91ca\u653e\u4e86,df \u4e5f\u56de\u5230 1M),\u4f46 ls -l \u770b\u5230\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f 209715205 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u5f71\u54cd:\u6e05\u7a7a\u540e ls \u770b\u7740\u50cf\u6ca1\u6e05\u6389;\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53bb cat\u3001grep\u3001\u4f20\u5230\u522b\u5904,\u4f1a\u5148\u8bfb\u51fa 200M \u7684 \\\\0\u3002Java \u5e94\u7528 nohup java … > app.log \u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u8981\u8ba9\u6e05\u7a7a\u5e72\u51c0,\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7528 >>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

3. \u300cNo space left on device\u300d\u4f46 df -h \u53ea\u7528\u4e86 1% \u2014\u2014 inode \u7528\u5c3d \u2705<\/h3>\n

\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709 2048 \u4e2a inode \u7684\u5c0f ext4,\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6:<\/p>\n

# df -h \/mnt\/labi; df -i \/mnt\/labi (Rocky 9,\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d)
\n\/dev\/loop1 59M 14K 54M 1% \/mnt\/labi
\n\/dev\/loop1 2048 11 2037 1% \/mnt\/labi<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u5230\u7b2c 2037 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u505c\u4e0b:touch: cannot touch 'f2038': No space left on device
\n\/dev\/loop1 59M 59K 54M 1% \/mnt\/labi
\n\/dev\/loop1 2048 2048 0 100% \/mnt\/labi<\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ea\u7528\u4e86 1%,\u62a5\u7684\u5374\u662f\u300c\u6ca1\u7a7a\u95f4\u300d\u3002df -h \u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765,\u8981\u770b df -i\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u5efa 5000 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6,\u5728 512M \u7684 xfs \u4e0a\u6beb\u65e0\u538b\u529b:<\/p>\n

\/dev\/loop2 262144 3 262141 1% \/mnt\/labx
\nxfs \u4e0a\u5efa\u4e86 5000 \u4e2a
\n\/dev\/loop2 262144 5003 257141 2% \/mnt\/labx<\/p>\n

\n

4. df \u91cc Size \u2260 Used + Avail \u2014\u2014 ext4 \u7ed9 root \u7559\u4e86 5% \u2705<\/h3>\n

# df -m \/mnt\/lab (1G \u7684 ext4,\u521a\u683c\u5f0f\u5316)
\n\/dev\/loop0 974 1 907 1% \/mnt\/lab<\/p>\n

# tune2fs -l \/dev\/loop0 | grep -E '^Reserved block count|^Block count|^Block size'
\nBlock count: 262144
\nReserved block count: 13107
\nBlock size: 4096<\/p>\n

974 \u2212 1 = 973,\u4f46\u53ef\u7528\u53ea\u6709 907\u3002\u5dee\u7684\u90a3 66M \u5de6\u53f3\u5c31\u662f 13107 \u00d7 4K \u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5757(5%),\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728 df \u663e\u793a 95% \u5de6\u53f3\u65f6\u5c31\u62a5\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

5. umount \u62a5 target is busy \u2705<\/h3>\n

umount \u9000\u51fa\u7801=32
\numount: \/mnt\/lab: target is busy.<\/p>\n

\u627e\u662f\u8c01\u5360\u7740:<\/p>\n

# fuser -vm \/mnt\/lab
\n USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
\n\/mnt\/lab: root kernel mount \/mnt\/lab
\n root 17039 ..c.. sleep<\/p>\n

# lsof +D \/mnt\/lab
\nCOMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE\/OFF NODE NAME
\nsleep 17039 root cwd DIR 7,0 4096 2 \/mnt\/lab<\/p>\n

ACCESS \u91cc\u7684 c\u3001lsof \u91cc\u7684 cwd \u90fd\u8868\u793a\u300c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 shell \u8fd8 cd \u5728\u90a3\u3002fuser -km \u6740\u6389\u5360\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e:<\/p>\n

fuser -km \u4e4b\u540e umount \u9000\u51fa\u7801=0<\/p>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f CentOS 7 \u548c Ubuntu \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709 fuser(\u5728 psmisc \u5305\u91cc)\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5728 CentOS 7 \u4e0a\u6ca1\u88c5\u5c31\u8dd1,fuser -km \u9759\u9ed8\u5931\u8d25,\u540e\u9762\u7684 umount \u7ee7\u7eed\u62a5 busy,\u8fd8\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u7740\u7684 loop \u8bbe\u5907\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

6. fstab:\u6539\u5b8c\u5148\u9a8c\u8bc1,\u518d\u91cd\u542f \u2705<\/h3>\n

6.1 mount -a \u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n

\u5f80 fstab \u91cc\u52a0\u4e24\u884c:\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 loop \u76d8,\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 UUID:<\/p>\n

UUID=84b369df-7dab-4607-aa31-d4b4d2d1db70 \/mnt\/lab ext4 defaults 0 0
\nUUID=00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000 \/mnt\/labgone ext4 defaults 0 0<\/p>\n

# mount -a; echo "mount -a \u9000\u51fa\u7801=$?" (Rocky 9)
\nmount -a \u9000\u51fa\u7801=64
\nmount: \/mnt\/labgone: can't find UUID=00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000.<\/p>\n

CentOS 7 \u7684\u63d0\u793a\u662f mount: can't find UUID=00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000\u3002<\/p>\n

6.2 findmnt –verify:CentOS 7 \u6ca1\u6709<\/h4>\n

# Rocky 9
\n\/
\n [W] recommended root FS passno is 1 (current is 0)
\n\/mnt\/labgone
\n [E] unreachable on boot required source: UUID=00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000
\nfindmnt –verify \u9000\u51fa\u7801=1
\n0 parse errors, 1 error, 1 warning<\/p>\n

# Ubuntu 24.04 \u591a\u4e00\u6761
\n [W] your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses the old version;
\n use 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload<\/p>\n

# CentOS 7
\nfindmnt –verify \u9000\u51fa\u7801=1
\nfindmnt: unrecognized option '–verify'<\/p>\n

[E] unreachable on boot required source \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bf4\u5f97\u6700\u76f4\u767d:\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230,\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002Ubuntu \u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u9192:\u6539\u4e86 fstab \u8981 systemctl daemon-reload,\u5426\u5219 systemd \u8fd8\u6309\u65e7\u7684\u6765(systemd \u4f1a\u628a fstab \u8f6c\u6210 mount \u5355\u5143)\u3002<\/p>\n

([W] recommended root FS passno is 1 \u662f cloud \u955c\u50cf\u81ea\u5e26 fstab \u7684\u5199\u6cd5,\u548c\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65e0\u5173\u3002)<\/p>\n

6.3 \u52a0 nofail \u4e4b\u540e<\/h4>\n

\u52a0 nofail \u540e mount -a \u9000\u51fa\u7801=0 (Rocky 9 \/ Ubuntu)<\/p>\n

\u52a0 nofail \u540e mount -a \u9000\u51fa\u7801=32 (CentOS 7)
\nmount: can't find UUID=00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f CentOS 7 \u4e0a\u5373\u4f7f\u52a0\u4e86 nofail,mount -a \u7167\u6837\u62a5\u9519\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u975e 0\u3002<\/p>\n

6.4 \u5c11\u5199\u4e00\u5217,\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n

\/mnt\/typo \/mnt\/lab2 ext4 defaults 0 \u2190 \u5c11\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217<\/p>\n

\u5c11\u4e00\u5217 mount -a \u9000\u51fa\u7801=64
\nmount: \/mnt\/lab2: mount point does not exist.<\/p>\n

\u62a5\u7684\u662f\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728,\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u4e86\u300d\u3002fstab \u6700\u540e\u4e24\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565,\u5c11\u4e00\u5217\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u7b97\u9519 \u2014\u2014 \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u770b\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

7. fstab \u5199\u9519\u4e86\u4f1a\u600e\u6837:\u91cd\u542f\u5b9e\u6d4b \u2705(\u53ea\u5728 Rocky 9 \/ Ubuntu \u4e0a\u505a)<\/h3>\n

7.1 \u4e0d\u52a0 nofail:\u8fdb\u7d27\u6025\u6a21\u5f0f,SSH \u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a<\/h4>\n

fstab \u91cc\u7559\u7740\u90a3\u884c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684 UUID(\u4e0d\u5e26 nofail),\u91cd\u542f\u30023 \u5206\u949f\u540e\u4ece\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u63a2\u6d4b:<\/p>\n

10.115.180.175:22 \u4e0d\u901a
\n10.115.180.200:22 \u4e0d\u901a
\nrocky9,RUNNING,1,10.115.180.175 (eth0)
\nubuntu2404,RUNNING,1,10.115.180.200 (eth0)<\/p>\n

\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c,\u4f46 SSH \u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e32\u53e3\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u770b:<\/p>\n

Give root password for maintenance
\n(or press Control-D to continue): <\/p>\n

\u4e24\u53f0\u90fd\u505c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7d27\u6025\u6a21\u5f0f(emergency mode),\u5728\u7b49 root \u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6309\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66(\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801),\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f Login incorrect\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u53ea\u80fd SSH \u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668,\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u53bb\u4e91\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5f00 VNC \u4e86\u3002 \u672c\u6b21\u4e24\u53f0\u90fd\u662f\u56de\u6eda\u5feb\u7167\u6062\u590d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

7.2 \u52a0\u4e86 nofail:\u80fd\u5f00\u673a,\u4f46\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u7b49\u4e86 90 \u79d2<\/h4>\n

\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u52a0\u4e0a nofail,\u518d\u91cd\u542f:<\/p>\n

5s rocky=down ubuntu=down
\n10s rocky=up ubuntu=up<\/p>\n

10 \u79d2\u5c31\u80fd SSH \u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6:<\/p>\n

Bootup is not yet finished (org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.FinishTimestampMonotonic=0).
\nPlease try again later.
\nstarting<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u6ca1\u300c\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u300d\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u540c\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u542f,\u8fd9\u6b21\u7b49 150 \u79d2\u540e\u518d\u770b:<\/p>\n

# Rocky 9
\nStartup finished in 523ms (kernel) + 1.221s (initrd) + 1min 30.209s (userspace) = 1min 31.953s
\nrunning
\n\/mnt\/labgone \u6ca1\u6302\u4e0a
\nTimed out waiting for device \/dev\/disk\/by-uuid\/00000000-dead-beef-0000-000000000000.
\nDependency failed for \/mnt\/labgone.<\/p>\n

# Ubuntu 24.04
\nStartup finished in 849ms (kernel) + 1min 30.234s (userspace) = 1min 31.083s
\nrunning
\n\/mnt\/labgone \u6ca1\u6302\u4e0a<\/p>\n

nofail \u4fdd\u8bc1\u80fd\u5f00\u673a,\u4f46 systemd \u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u7b49\u8fd9\u5757\u76d8 90 \u79d2\u624d\u653e\u5f03\u3002\u4f9d\u8d56\u300c\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u300d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f(\u6bd4\u5982\u7b49 multi-user.target \u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1)\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d6\u6162\u4e00\u5206\u534a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 nofail \u662f\u4fdd\u9669,\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u590d \u2014\u2014 \u76d8\u4e0d\u5728\u4e86\u5c31\u628a\u90a3\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

8. LVM \u6269\u5bb9:\u4e24\u6b65,\u5c11\u4e00\u6b65 df \u4e0d\u53d8 \u2705<\/h3>\n

\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5377\u7ec4,\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a xfs \u903b\u8f91\u5377(500M)\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a ext4 \u903b\u8f91\u5377(300M),\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u5377\u7ec4\u52a0\u4e00\u5757\u76d8,\u628a xfs \u90a3\u4e2a\u6269 400M:<\/p>\n

# lvextend -L +400M \/dev\/vglab\/lvx (Rocky 9)
\n Logical volume vglab\/lvx successfully resized.
\n== lvs:
\n LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
\n lvx vglab -wi-ao—- 900.00m
\n== df:
\n\/dev\/mapper\/vglab-lvx 436M 29M 408M 7% \/mnt\/lvx<\/p>\n

lvs \u663e\u793a 900M,df \u8fd8\u662f 436M \u2014\u2014 \u903b\u8f91\u5377\u6269\u4e86,\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6269\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65:<\/p>\n

# xfs_growfs \/mnt\/lvx
\ndata blocks changed from 128000 to 230400
\n\/dev\/mapper\/vglab-lvx 836M 32M 805M 4% \/mnt\/lvx<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u53f0\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • xfs_growfs \u4f20\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3001\u4f20\u8bbe\u5907\u540d(\/dev\/vglab\/lvx)\u90fd\u80fd\u7528,\u5b9e\u6d4b\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u90fd\u662f 0\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7528 lvextend -r \u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d,\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u8c03 resize2fs \/ xfs_growfs:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    # lvextend -r -L +200M \/dev\/vglab\/lve (CentOS 7,ext4,\u5728\u7ebf\u6269)
    \nresize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
    \nFilesystem at \/dev\/mapper\/vglab-lve is mounted on \/mnt\/lve; on-line resizing required
    \nold_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
    \nThe filesystem on \/dev\/mapper\/vglab-lve is now 512000 blocks long.<\/p>\n

    8.1 \u7f29\u5bb9:xfs \u4e0d\u884c,ext4 \u53ef\u4ee5(\u6302\u7740\u4e5f\u884c)<\/h4>\n

    # lvreduce -y -r -L -100M \/dev\/vglab\/lvx (xfs)
    \nfsadm: Xfs filesystem shrinking is unsupported. (CentOS 7 \/ Ubuntu)
    \n File system reduce is required and not supported (xfs). (Rocky 9)
    \nxfs \u7f29\u5bb9 \u9000\u51fa\u7801=5<\/p>\n

    \u903b\u8f91\u5377\u5927\u5c0f\u6ca1\u53d8,\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u4e8b \u2014\u2014 \u5de5\u5177\u62e6\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u3002xfs \u53ea\u80fd\u6269\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f29,\u89c4\u5212\u5206\u533a\u65f6\u5c31\u8981\u60f3\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

    ext4 \u5728\u6302\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7f29:<\/p>\n

    # lvreduce -y -r -L -100M \/dev\/vglab\/lve (Rocky 9)
    \nremount done
    \n Reduced file system ext4 on vglab\/lve.
    \n Size of logical volume vglab\/lve changed from 500.00 MiB (125 extents) to 400.00 MiB (100 extents).
    \n Logical volume vglab\/lve successfully resized.
    \next4(\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d)\u7f29\u5bb9 \u9000\u51fa\u7801=0<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u53f0\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u8d44\u6599\u8bf4\u300cext4 \u7f29\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5378\u8f7d\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u7f29\u5bb9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u786e\u5b9e\u8981\u5378\u8f7d,\u4f46 lvreduce -r \u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u5378\u8f7d\u3001\u7f29\u3001\u518d\u6302\u56de\u53bb(Rocky 9 \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cc\u80fd\u770b\u5230 remount done)\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5b83\u5378\u5f97\u4e0b\u6765;\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7740\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u6ca1\u6d4b\u3002\u7f29\u5bb9\u6709\u4e22\u6570\u636e\u98ce\u9669,\u5148\u5907\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    9. \u4e91\u76d8\u6269\u5bb9:\u76d8\u5927\u4e86,\u5206\u533a\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u5927 \u2705<\/h3>\n

    \u4e91\u5382\u5546\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u91cc\u628a\u78c1\u76d8\u4ece 1G \u6269\u5230 2G \u4e4b\u540e,\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684\u6837\u5b50(\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26 GPT \u5206\u533a\u8868\u7684 loop \u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u62df):<\/p>\n

    == \u76d8\u6269\u5230 2G \u4e4b\u540e:
    \nNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
    \nloop0 7:0 0 2G 0 loop
    \n\u2514\u2500loop0p1 259:0 0 511M 0 part \/mnt\/labg
    \n\/dev\/loop0p1 447M 29M 419M 7% \/mnt\/labg<\/p>\n

    \u76d8 2G \u4e86,\u5206\u533a\u8fd8\u662f 511M,df \u8fd8\u662f 447M\u3002 \u8981\u4e09\u6b65:\u76d8 \u2192 \u5206\u533a \u2192 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

    # growpart \/dev\/loop0 1
    \nCHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=1046528 end=1048575 new: size=4192223 end=4194270
    \ngrowpart \u9000\u51fa\u7801=0<\/p>\n

    # xfs_growfs \/mnt\/labg
    \ndata blocks changed from 130816 to 524027
    \n\/dev\/loop0p1 2.0G 41M 1.9G 3% \/mnt\/labg<\/p>\n

    (ext4 \u7684\u8bdd\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u6362\u6210 resize2fs \/dev\/\u5206\u533a\u3002)<\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f CentOS 7 \u4e0a growpart \u5728 cloud-utils-growpart \u5305\u91cc,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u88c5;\u88c5\u4e86\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f,GPT \u5206\u533a\u8fd8\u8981 gdisk\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6ca1\u88c5 gdisk \u65f6:<\/p>\n

    FAILED: failed to get a resizer for id ''
    \ngrowpart \u9000\u51fa\u7801=2
    \nno tools available to resize disk with 'gpt'<\/p>\n

    \u88c5\u4e0a gdisk \u540e\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u3002Rocky 9 \u548c Ubuntu \u7684 cloud \u955c\u50cf\u81ea\u5e26 growpart,\u76f4\u63a5\u80fd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    10. fsck:\u6302\u7740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u522b\u8dd1 \u2705<\/h3>\n

    # e2fsck -f \/dev\/vglab\/lve (\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d)
    \n\/dev\/vglab\/lve is mounted.
    \ne2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
    \n\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6 e2fsck \u9000\u51fa\u7801=8<\/p>\n

    # xfs_repair -n \/dev\/vglab\/lvx (\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d,-n \u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539)
    \nxfs_repair: \/dev\/vglab\/lvx contains a mounted and writable filesystem
    \n\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6 xfs_repair -n \u9000\u51fa\u7801=1<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u53f0\u90fd\u62d2\u7edd\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4fee\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u5148\u5378\u8f7d;\u6839\u5206\u533a\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    11. \u624b\u518c(\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u6559\u7a0b)\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/h3>\n\n\u5e38\u89c1\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5b9e\u6d4b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u6e05\u65e5\u5fd7\u7528 > file \u5c31\u80fd\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n\u7a7a\u95f4\u786e\u5b9e\u91ca\u653e,\u4f46\u7a0b\u5e8f\u82e5\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u65b9\u5f0f(>)\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6,\u6e05\u7a7a\u540e\u518d\u5199\u4e00\u884c,ls \u53c8\u663e\u793a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5927\u5c0f(\u7a00\u758f\u6587\u4ef6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6539\u5b8c fstab \u7528 findmnt –verify \u68c0\u67e5<\/td>\nCentOS 7 \u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u52a0\u4e86 nofail \u5c31\u6ca1\u4e8b\u4e86<\/td>\n\u80fd\u5f00\u673a,\u4f46\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u7b49 90 \u79d2;CentOS 7 \u4e0a mount -a \u7167\u6837\u62a5\u9519<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ext4 \u7f29\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5378\u8f7d<\/td>\nlvreduce -r \u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u5378\u8f7d\u518d\u6302\u56de,\u6302\u7740\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u53f0\u90fd\u6210\u529f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    xfs_growfs \u8981\u4f20\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/td>\n\u4f20\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    12. \u901f\u67e5<\/h3>\n

    \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86:<\/p>\n

    df<\/span> -h;<\/span> df<\/span> -i<\/span> # \u7a7a\u95f4\u6ee1\u8fd8\u662f inode \u6ee1<\/span>
    \ndu<\/span> -h<\/span> –max-depth=<\/span>1<\/span> \/ 2<\/span>><\/span>\/dev\/null |<\/span> sort<\/span> -rh<\/span> |<\/span> head<\/span>
    \nlsof<\/span> +L1 |<\/span> grep<\/span> deleted # df \u6ee1 du \u4e0d\u6ee1:\u88ab\u5220\u4f46\u8fd8\u5f00\u7740<\/span>
    \n:<\/span> ><\/span> \/proc\/<<\/span>PID><\/span>\/fd\/<<\/span>FD><\/span> # \u4e0d\u91cd\u542f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6269\u5bb9:<\/p>\n

    # LVM<\/span>
    \nlvextend -r<\/span> -L<\/span> +10G \/dev\/vg\/lv # -r \u8fde\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6269<\/span>
    \n# \u4e91\u76d8(\u975e LVM)<\/span>
    \ngrowpart \/dev\/sda 1<\/span> # CentOS 7 \u8981\u88c5 cloud-utils-growpart + gdisk<\/span>
    \nxfs_growfs \/\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 \u6216 resize2fs \/dev\/sda1<\/p>\n

    \u6539 fstab:<\/p>\n

    blkid \/dev\/xxx # \u7528 UUID<\/span>
    \nmount<\/span> -a<\/span> # \u9000\u51fa\u7801\u975e 0 \u5c31\u522b\u91cd\u542f<\/span>
    \nfindmnt –verify<\/span> # 7 \u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709<\/span>
    \nsystemctl daemon-reload # \u6539\u5b8c fstab \u8ba9 systemd \u8bfb\u65b0\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7:\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e SSH \u2014\u2014 nmcli\u3001netplan\u3001DNS \u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3001SSH \u6539\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u88ab\u62d2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48
    \n\u78c1\u76d8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898,\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528,\u800c\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837:\u5220\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7a7a\u95f4\u6ca1\u56de\u6765\u3001\u6269\u4e86\u5bb9 df \u6ca1\u53d8\u3001fstab \u770b\u7740\u6ca1\u9519\u91cd\u542f\u5374\u8d77\u4e0d\u6765\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u5728\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u9010\u4e2a\u590d\u73b0,\u8d34\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u673a\u5668\u6839\u5206\u533a\u8bf4\u660eCentOS 7.9(VMware)\/dev\/mapper\/centos-root xfs(LVM)\u6807\u51c6\u88c5\u673aRocky 9.8(LXD \u865a\u62df\u673a)\/dev\/sda2 ext4,\u6ca1\u6709 LVMcloud \u955c\u50cf,\u548c ISO \u5b89\u88c5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 xfs LVM \u4e0d\u4e00\u6837Ubu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[59,58,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-115046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-centos","tag-linux","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f46 du \u627e\u4e0d\u5230?LVM \u6269\u5bb9 df \u4e0d\u53d8?fstab \u5199\u9519\u5f00\u4e0d\u4e86\u673a?\u4e09\u53f0\u771f\u673a\u5b9e\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8\u6392\u67e5 - 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