{"id":113877,"date":"2026-10-07T20:17:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T12:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113877.html"},"modified":"2026-10-07T20:17:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T12:17:16","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e5%be%ae%e8%b0%83%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9alora%e4%b8%8eqlora%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e3%80%81%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e3%80%81%e5%b7%ae%e5%bc%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113877.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u8be6\u89e3\uff1aLoRA\u4e0eQLoRA\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u53ca\u9009\u578b\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981：\u968f\u7740\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u6a21\u7a81\u7834\u767e\u4ebf\u3001\u5343\u4ebf\u7ea7，\u4f20\u7edf\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u5fae\u8c03\u663e\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u3001\u7b97\u529b\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3001\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u98ce\u9669\u663e\u8457\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u6108\u53d1\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03（PEFT）\u6280\u672f\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u843d\u5730\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848，\u5176\u4e2d LoRA（\u4f4e\u79e9\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5fae\u8c03） \u548c QLoRA（\u91cf\u5316\u4f4e\u79e9\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5fae\u8c03） \u51ed\u501f\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u8fd1\u4e4e\u65e0\u635f\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u6548\u679c\u3001\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u843d\u5730\u95e8\u69db，\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u5fae\u8c03\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u573a\u666f\u9009\u578b\u4e03\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6，\u6df1\u5ea6\u62c6\u89e3LoRA\u4e0eQLoRA\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5dee\u5f02，\u540c\u65f6\u7ed3\u5408\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u843d\u5730\u65b9\u6848，\u9002\u5408AI\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u843d\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd：\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03；PEFT；LoRA；QLoRA；4\u4f4d\u91cf\u5316；\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03；\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u843d\u5730<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981LoRA\/QLoRA\u5fae\u8c03？<\/h3>\n
  • \n

    \u7b97\u529b\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8：\u5168\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u65b0\u9700\u8981\u6d77\u91cf\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97，\u8bad\u7ec3\u8017\u65f6\u4e45\u3001\u4e91\u7aef\u7b97\u529b\u5f00\u9500\u6602\u8d35，\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6781\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u707e\u96be\u6027\u9057\u5fd8\u4e25\u91cd：\u5168\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6743\u91cd，\u5bb9\u6613\u7834\u574f\u6a21\u578b\u539f\u751f\u7684\u901a\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6，\u5728\u5782\u76f4\u573a\u666f\u5fae\u8c03\u540e\u901a\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d，\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u98ce\u9669\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898，PEFT（\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03）\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f，\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u51bb\u7ed3\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd，\u4ec5\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c11\u91cf\u65b0\u589e\u53c2\u6570，\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5fae\u8c03\u6548\u679c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，\u5c06\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3001\u7b97\u529b\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u800cLoRA\u662fPEFT\u7684\u6807\u6746\u6027\u7b97\u6cd5，QLoRA\u5219\u662fLoRA\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u4f18\u5316\u7248\u672c，\u4e8c\u8005\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u663e\u5361\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5168\u573a\u666f\u5fae\u8c03\u9700\u6c42，\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524dCSDN\u3001GitHub\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u843d\u5730\u7684\u9996\u9009\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001LoRA\u5fae\u8c03：\u4f4e\u79e9\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

    2.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3<\/h4>\n

    LoRA（Low-Rank Adaptation，\u4f4e\u79e9\u81ea\u9002\u5e94）\u7531\u5fae\u8f6f2021\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa，\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6d1e\u5bdf\u6781\u5177\u98a0\u8986\u6027：\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5782\u76f4\u4efb\u52a1\u5fae\u8c03\u65f6，\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u589e\u91cf\u0394W\u662f\u4f4e\u79e9\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u914d\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u91cd，\u4ec5\u9700\u5c11\u91cf\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u77e5\u8bc6\u9002\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u6d1e\u5bdf，LoRA\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5fae\u8c03\u76f4\u63a5\u66f4\u65b0\u539f\u59cb\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635W\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u91c7\u53d6\u51bb\u7ed3\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u4f4e\u79e9\u65c1\u8def\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565，\u5168\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u59cb\u53c2\u6570，\u5f7b\u5e95\u907f\u514d\u707e\u96be\u6027\u9057\u5fd8\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    2.2 \u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u7ec6\u8282<\/h4>\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u67d0\u5c42Transformer\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a $\\\\in \\\\mathbb{R}^{d \\\\times k}$，\u7ef4\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6570\u5343\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e07，\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

    LoRA\u4e3a\u8be5\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u65b0\u589e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4e\u79e9\u77e9\u9635：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u8f93\u5165\u6295\u5f71\u77e9\u9635A：$A \\\\in \\\\mathbb{R}^{d \\\\times r}$（\u964d\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635，\u51bb\u7ed3\u521d\u59cb\u5316）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u8f93\u51fa\u6295\u5f71\u77e9\u9635B：$B \\\\in \\\\mathbb{R}^{r \\\\times k}$（\u5347\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5176\u4e2d r\u4e3a\u79e9（rank），\u662fLoRA\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570，\u4e14 $r \\\\ll d,k$（\u5e38\u89c4\u53d6\u503c8\u300116\u300132\u300164）\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u6743\u91cd\u589e\u91cf\u4e3a：$\\\\Delta W = BA$，\u6700\u7ec8\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u6548\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a $W_{new} = W + \\\\alpha \\\\cdot BA$，\u5176\u4e2d $\\\\alpha$ \u4e3a\u7f29\u653e\u7cfb\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\u4f4e\u79e9\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5e45\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

      2.3 \u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n
    • \n

      \u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u6781\u81f4\u7cbe\u7b80：\u4ec5\u8bad\u7ec3A\u3001B\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4e\u79e9\u77e9\u9635，\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5168\u91cf\u5fae\u8c03\u76840.1%~1%，\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u9057\u5fd8：\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd\u5168\u7a0b\u51bb\u7ed3，\u6a21\u578b\u539f\u751f\u901a\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b8c\u5168\u4fdd\u7559，\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u65c1\u8def\u77e9\u9635\u5b66\u4e60\u5782\u76f4\u573a\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u8bad\u7ec3\u63a8\u7406\u65e0\u635f\u8017：\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u5c06BA\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u539f\u59cbW\u77e9\u9635\u878d\u5408，\u65e0\u989d\u5916\u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u4f18\u4e8ePrefix Tuning\u3001Prompt Tuning\u7b49PEFT\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u9002\u914d\u6027\u6781\u5f3a：\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8eTransformer\u7684Attention\u5c42（Q\/K\/V\u6295\u5f71\u5c42），\u9002\u914d\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41LLM（LLaMA\u3001Qwen\u3001ChatGLM\u3001Mistral\u7b49）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2.4 LoRA\u6838\u5fc3\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \n

        rank（r）：\u79e9\u8d8a\u5927，\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927，\u62df\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5f3a，\u4f46\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u63a8\u8350r=8\/16，\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u63a8\u8350r=32\/64\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        alpha：\u7f29\u653e\u7cfb\u6570，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b49\u4e8erank，\u7528\u4e8e\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u8f93\u51fa，\u907f\u514drank\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u6743\u91cd\u5e45\u503c\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        target_modules：\u6307\u5b9a\u5fae\u8c03\u6a21\u5757，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ec5\u5fae\u8c03\u6ce8\u610f\u529bQ\/K\u5c42，\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u65b0\u589eV\u5c42\u3001MLP\u5c42，\u63d0\u5347\u62df\u5408\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        dropout：LoRA\u5c42dropout，\u9632\u6b62\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fc7\u62df\u5408，\u5e38\u89c4\u53d6\u503c0.05~0.1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u4e09\u3001QLoRA\u5fae\u8c03：\u91cf\u5316+\u4f4e\u79e9\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u663e\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

        3.1 \u8bbe\u8ba1\u80cc\u666f<\/h4>\n

        \u6807\u51c6LoRA\u867d\u7136\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u53c2\u6570\u91cf，\u4f46\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd\u4ecd\u4ee5FP16\/BF16\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5b58\u50a8，7B\u6a21\u578bFP16\u6743\u91cd\u5360\u7528\u7ea613G\u663e\u5b58，13B\u6a21\u578b\u7ea626G\u663e\u5b58，\u5bf9\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u663e\u5361（12G\/16G\u663e\u5b58）\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u5b58\u538b\u529b，70B\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8d85\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5355\u673a\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n

        QLoRA（Quantized LoRA）\u7531UC\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u56e2\u961f\u57282023\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa，\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u635f\u5fae\u8c03\u6548\u679c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，\u6781\u81f4\u538b\u7f29\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u5361\u5fae\u8c03\u767e\u4ebf\u7ea7\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

        3.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u673a\u5236（\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0）<\/h4>\n

        3.2.1 NF4 4\u4f4d\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6d6e\u70b9\u91cf\u5316<\/h5>\n

        QLoRA\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edfINT4\u91cf\u5316，\u91c7\u7528NF4（Normalized Float 4）\u91cf\u5316\u683c\u5f0f，\u4e13\u95e8\u9002\u914d\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u5c06FP16\u6743\u91cd\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a4bit\u5b58\u50a8，\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u4f4e75%，7B\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u663e\u5b58\u4ece13G\u538b\u7f29\u81f33.5G\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u96f6\u5747\u503c\u3001\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f18\u5316，\u91cf\u5316\u8bef\u5dee\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edfINT4，\u5fae\u8c03\u6548\u679c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5ab2\u7f8eFP16 LoRA\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3.2.2 \u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5236（\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u9ad3）<\/h5>\n

          QLoRA\u91c7\u7528\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd4bit\u91cf\u5316\u51bb\u7ed3 + LoRA\u65c1\u8def\u77e9\u9635FP16\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd：\u5168\u7a0b4bit\u91cf\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u51bb\u7ed3\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0，\u6781\u81f4\u8282\u7701\u663e\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            LoRA\u4f4e\u79e9\u77e9\u9635：\u5168\u7a0bFP16\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u68af\u5ea6\u66f4\u65b0\u7cbe\u51c6，\u907f\u514d\u91cf\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8be5\u673a\u5236\u5b8c\u7f8e\u517c\u987e\u4e86\u4f4e\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u548c\u9ad8\u5fae\u8c03\u7cbe\u5ea6，\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u5fae\u8c03\u7cbe\u5ea6\u584c\u9677\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u75db\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

            3.2.3 \u5206\u9875\u4f18\u5316\u5668（Paged Optimizer）<\/h5>\n

            \u4f20\u7edf\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d，\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u52a8\u91cf\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u7f13\u5b58\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u663e\u5b58\u3002QLoRA\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u9875\u673a\u5236，\u5c06CPU\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eGPU\u663e\u5b58\u6253\u901a，\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u7f13\u5b58\u81f3CPU\u5185\u5b58，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91ca\u653eGPU\u663e\u5b58，\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u663e\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa（OOM）\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

            3.2.4 \u68af\u5ea6\u91cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316<\/h5>\n

            \u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6fc0\u6d3b\u68af\u5ea6\u91cd\u8ba1\u7b97，\u727a\u7272\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6，\u6362\u53d6\u5927\u5e45\u663e\u5b58\u4e0b\u964d，\u9002\u914d\u8d85\u4f4e\u663e\u5b58\u663e\u5361\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

            3.3 QLoRA\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n
          • \n

            \u6781\u81f4\u663e\u5b58\u95e8\u69db：12G\u663e\u5b58\u663e\u5361\u53ef\u6d41\u7545\u5fae\u8c037B\u6a21\u578b，24G\u663e\u5b58\u53ef\u5fae\u8c0370B\u6a21\u578b，\u5f7b\u5e95\u964d\u4f4e\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u786c\u4ef6\u95e8\u69db\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fd1\u4e4e\u65e0\u635f：NF4\u91cf\u5316+\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6LoRA\u8bad\u7ec3，\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5782\u76f4\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a，\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6FP16 LoRA\u3001\u5168\u91cf\u5fae\u8c03\u6301\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u843d\u5730\u6210\u672c\u6781\u4f4e：\u65e0\u9700\u591a\u5361\u96c6\u7fa4\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u9ad8\u7aef\u7b97\u529b，\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u663e\u5361\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u767e\u4ebf\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            \u56db\u3001LoRA vs QLoRA：\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n

            \u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u9009\u578b，\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5fae\u8c03\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e94\u5927\u7ef4\u5ea6\u505a\u7cbe\u51c6\u5bf9\u6bd4：<\/p>\n\n\n

            \u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/p>\n

            \u6807\u51c6LoRA（FP16）<\/p>\n

            QLoRA（4bit NF4）<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            FP16\/BF16（\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            4bit NF4（\u6781\u81f4\u538b\u7f29）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            7B\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            10~15G<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            3~6G<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            \u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u8f83\u5feb（\u65e0\u91cf\u5316\u53cd\u91cf\u5316\u5f00\u9500）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u7565\u6162（\u5b58\u5728\u91cf\u5316\/\u53cd\u91cf\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            \u5fae\u8c03\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6781\u9ad8（\u65e0\u635f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u8fd1\u4e4e\u65e0\u635f（99%\u573a\u666f\u6301\u5e73）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            \u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            16G+\u663e\u5b58\u663e\u5361<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            8G+\u663e\u5b58\u663e\u5361<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            \u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u65e0\u989d\u5916\u5ef6\u8fdf（\u53ef\u6743\u91cd\u878d\u5408）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u8f7b\u5fae\u5ef6\u8fdf（\u91cf\u5316\u63a8\u7406）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            \u9002\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5c0f\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u6a21\u578b（7B\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5168\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b（7B~70B+）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u4e94\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5b9e\u6218：\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n

            5.1 \u573a\u666f\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

            5.1.1 \u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5782\u76f4\u5fae\u8c03（\u884c\u4e1a\u95ee\u7b54\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u9002\u914d）<\/h5>\n

            \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u91cf\u7ea7：\u5343\u6761\u4ee5\u5185 | \u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6848：QLoRA 4bit<\/p>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570：rank=16\u3001alpha=16\u3001dropout=0.1\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7387=2e-4\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6e\u6570=5~10\u8f6e<\/p>\n

            5.1.2 \u4e2d\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a（\u98ce\u683c\u4eff\u5199\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03）<\/h5>\n

            \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u91cf\u7ea7：\u5343~\u4e07\u6761 | \u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6848：\u6807\u51c6LoRA FP16<\/p>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570：rank=32\u3001alpha=32\u3001dropout=0.05\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7387=1e-4\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6e\u6570=3~5\u8f6e<\/p>\n

            5.1.3 \u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6df1\u5ea6\u9002\u914d（\u901a\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u91cd\u5851）<\/h5>\n

            \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u91cf\u7ea7：\u4e07\u6761\u4ee5\u4e0a | \u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6848：LoRA+MLP\u5c42\u5fae\u8c03<\/p>\n

            \u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570：rank=64\u3001alpha=64\u3001\u65e0dropout\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7387=5e-5\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6e\u6570=2~3\u8f6e<\/p>\n

            5.2 \u9ad8\u9891\u8e29\u5751\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n
          • \n

            \u5fae\u8c03\u540e\u8fc7\u62df\u5408：\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3loss\u6781\u4f4e\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u6548\u679c\u6781\u5dee\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u589e\u5927dropout\u3001\u964d\u4f4erank\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6e\u6570\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            QLoRA\u5fae\u8c03\u6548\u679c\u5dee：\u591a\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u7d2f\u79ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5b66\u4e60\u7387\u4e0b\u8c03\u81f31e-4~2e-4\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u4ec5\u91cf\u5316\u4e3b\u5e72\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u663e\u5b58\u6ea2\u51faOOM：\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u542f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u7d2f\u79ef\u3001\u964d\u4f4ebatch_size\u3001\u5f00\u542fQLoRA\u5206\u9875\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6\u91cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u6a21\u578b\u9057\u5fd8\u901a\u7528\u80fd\u529b：\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u4e25\u683c\u51bb\u7ed3\u4e3b\u5e72\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u91cf\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u63a7\u5236LoRA\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            \u516d\u3001\u573a\u666f\u9009\u578b：LoRA\u548cQLoRA\u5230\u5e95\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u9009？<\/h3>\n

            6.1 \u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9 \u6807\u51c6LoRA（FP16）<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \n

              \u786c\u4ef6\u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u8db3（16G+\u663e\u5b58\u663e\u5361）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u5fae\u8c03\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u63a8\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f（7B\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u901f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              6.2 \u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9 QLoRA（4bit）<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • \n

                \u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650（8G\/12G\u6d88\u8d39\u7ea7\u663e\u5361）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u5fae\u8c03\u5927\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u6a21\u578b（13B\/34B\/70B）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u5bf9\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u8bc1\u843d\u5730\u53ef\u884c\u6027；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u4e2a\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u56e2\u961f\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u843d\u5730\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u5c55\u671b<\/h3>\n

                LoRA\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u79e9\u65c1\u8def\u8bad\u7ec3\u91cd\u6784\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u8303\u5f0f，\u4ee5\u6781\u4f4e\u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u914d，\u517c\u987e\u6548\u679c\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027，\u6210\u4e3a\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6807\u6746；QLoRA\u5219\u5728LoRA\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a，\u901a\u8fc7NF4\u91cf\u5316+\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3+\u663e\u5b58\u5206\u9875\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u5316，\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u58c1\u5792，\u8ba9\u767e\u4ebf\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u4ece\u5de5\u4e1a\u843d\u5730\u89d2\u5ea6，\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5fae\u8c03\u9009LoRA，\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5fae\u8c03\u9009QLoRA\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u652f\u6301\u6743\u91cd\u878d\u5408\u3001\u65e0\u63a8\u7406\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u9002\u914d\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41LLM\u6846\u67b6，\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u843d\u5730\u6700\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u672a\u6765PEFT\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u5411\u66f4\u4f4e\u538b\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u9002\u914d\u65b9\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3，\u4f46LoRA\/QLoRA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u5fae\u8c03\u6280\u672f，\u4ecd\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u5360\u636e\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u843d\u5730\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d，\u662f\u6240\u6709AI\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u9644\u5f55：\u5e38\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • \n

                  PEFT（Hugging Face）：\u5b98\u65b9LoRA\/QLoRA\u5fae\u8c03\u5de5\u5177\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  bitsandbytes：\u91cf\u5316\u8bad\u7ec3\u6838\u5fc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  transformers：\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u8c03\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  trl：\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u8c03\u3001RLHF\u914d\u5957\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u539f\u521b\u58f0\u660e：\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u539f\u521b\u6280\u672f\u5e72\u8d27，\u4e13\u6ce8\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u843d\u5730\u5b9e\u6218，\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7981\u6b62\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u3001RAG\u5b9e\u6218\u6559\u7a0b，\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6536\u85cf！<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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