{"id":113821,"date":"2026-10-07T16:41:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T08:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113821.html"},"modified":"2026-10-07T16:41:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T08:41:10","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e5%86%99%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%9c%80%e5%b0%8f%e5%bc%95%e5%af%bc%e6%89%87%e5%8c%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113821.html","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\uff08\u4e00\uff09\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n\n\u6211\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u76f4\u8fbe<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
\u300a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u4e13\u680f<\/b><\/font><\/td>\n\u70b9\u51fb\u8fdb\u5165<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u300a\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u300b\u4e13\u680f<\/b><\/font><\/td>\n\u70b9\u51fb\u8fdb\u5165<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838（\u4e00）：\u6700\u5c0f\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a<\/h2>\n

\u4f60\u6309\u4e0b\u7535\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU \u9192\u8fc7\u6765，\u5e72\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5148\u53bb\u8dd1 BIOS\u3002BIOS \u662f\u710a\u5728\u4e3b\u677f ROM \u91cc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u51fa\u5382\u5199\u6b7b，\u6389\u7535\u4e0d\u4e22\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u786c\u4ef6\u70b9\u4e00\u904d，\u7136\u540e\u628a\u78c1\u76d8\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u7684 512 \u5b57\u8282\u642c\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58 0x7c00，\u8df3\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8df3\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e4b\u540e，\u8dd1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d2\u8d77，\u8fd9 512 \u5b57\u8282\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5730\u76d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8981\u505a\u7684，\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u5757\u5730\u76d8\u4e0a，\u8ba9\u5c4f\u5e55\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a A\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u957f：512 \u5b57\u8282\u88c5\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4e1c\u897f，\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u6247\u533a；16 \u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u591f\u7528，\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5207\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f；\u6c47\u7f16\u5199\u7740\u592a\u7d2f，\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u6362\u6210 C\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u540e\u662f\u5206\u9875\u3001\u662f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9 8 \u884c\u6c47\u7f16\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5de5\u524d：\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u4e00\u884c\u641e\u5b9a：sudo apt install nasm qemu-system-x86（Fedora \u7528 dnf）\u3002<\/p>\n

Windows \u53bb nasm.us \u548c qemu.org \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u5305，\u88c5\u5b8c\u628a\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0\u8fdb PATH\u3002\u6ce8\u610f Windows \u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709 make\u3001rm \u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4，\u540e\u9762\u7528 Makefile \u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7，\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u6572\u90a3\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1：nasm -v \u548c qemu-system-i386 –version，\u80fd\u6253\u51fa\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u5c31\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u770b\u7ed3\u679c：\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a A<\/h3>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u8fd9\u51e0\u884c：<\/p>\n

[bits 16]
\n[org 0x7c00]<\/p>\n

start:
\n mov ah, 0x0e
\n mov al, 'A'
\n int 0x10
\n jmp $<\/p>\n

times 510 – ($ – $$) db 0
\ndw 0xaa55<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u6210 boot.asm，\u6572\u4e24\u6761\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

nasm -f<\/span> bin boot.asm -o<\/span> os.img
\nqemu-system-i386 -drive<\/span> format<\/span>=<\/span>raw,file=<\/span>os.img<\/p>\n

\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a A\u3002 \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u5148\u7ed9\u5230\u8fd9\u3002 \u5148\u6572\u4e0b\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u773c，\u518d\u56de\u6765\u8bfb\u539f\u7406，\u5b8c\u5168\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u2014\u2014\u4e0b\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u62c6\u5f00\u8bb2，\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e24\u884c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u5929\u4e66\u7684 times \u548c dw\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u624b\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b58\u8d77\u6765（\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7）<\/h4>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u6bcf\u6b21\u624b\u6572，\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb Makefile \u7684\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

AS = nasm
\nQEMU = qemu-system-i386<\/p>\n

all: os.img<\/p>\n

os.img: boot.asm
\n$(AS) -f bin boot.asm -o os.img<\/p>\n

run: os.img
\n$(QEMU) -drive format=raw,file=os.img<\/p>\n

clean:
\nrm -f os.img<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u540e\u6572 make \u5c31\u7f16\u8bd1，\u6572 make run \u5c31\u8fd0\u884c，\u6572 make clean \u5c31\u6e05\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6761：\u5192\u53f7\u524d\u9762\u662f\u540d\u5b57，\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u662f\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e1c\u897f，\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u7528 Tab \u5f00\u5934\u3002run: os.img \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u8981\u8dd1 run，\u5f97\u5148\u6709 os.img"\u3002<\/p>\n

（rm \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u662f Linux \u5199\u6cd5，Windows \u4e0b\u8981\u7528 Git Bash \u6216\u8005 MSYS2 \u624d\u80fd\u8dd1\u3002）<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8fd9 8 \u884c，\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u770b<\/h3>\n

[bits 16]：\u544a\u8bc9\u6c47\u7f16\u5668，\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u6709 16 \u4f4d<\/h4>\n

CPU \u521a\u4e0a\u7535\u662f\u5b9e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u8ba4 16 \u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u884c\u662f\u5199\u7ed9 nasm \u770b\u7684，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5668\u7801，\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8bf4"\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309 16 \u4f4d\u7f16\u8bd1"\u3002<\/p>\n

[org 0x7c00]：\u544a\u8bc9\u6c47\u7f16\u5668，\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4f\u5728\u54ea<\/h4>\n

\u5148\u8bf4 0x \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e73\u65f6\u6570\u6570\u7528\u5341\u8fdb\u5236，\u9022\u5341\u8fdb\u4e00\u3002\u7535\u8111\u7528\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236，\u9022\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u6709 0 \u5230 9 \u5341\u4e2a，\u4e0d\u591f\u5341\u516d\u4e2a\u7528，\u5c31\u62ff\u5b57\u6bcd\u9876\u4e0a：A=10\u3001B=11\u3001C=12\u3001D=13\u3001E=14\u3001F=15\u3002<\/p>\n

0x \u662f\u8bb0\u53f7，\u8868\u793a"\u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u4e32\u662f\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236"\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6362\u7b97\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f 1，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f 16，\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u662f 256，\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\u662f 4096\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e58 16：<\/p>\n\n\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u600e\u4e48\u7b97\u5341\u8fdb\u5236<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
0x10<\/td>\n1\u00d716<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0x41<\/td>\n4\u00d716 + 1<\/td>\n65（\u5b57\u7b26 A）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0x100<\/td>\n1\u00d7256<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0x400<\/td>\n4\u00d7256<\/td>\n1024（1K）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0x7c00<\/td>\n7\u00d74096 + 12\u00d7256<\/td>\n31744<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

0x7c00 \u5c31\u662f BIOS \u653e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u5b83\u4e0d\u968f\u4f60\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c [org 0x7c00] \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f：\u544a\u8bc9 nasm"\u6211\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5728 0x7c00"，\u540e\u9762\u6240\u6709\u8ddf\u5730\u5740\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u70b9\u7b97\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u53ea\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u5740，\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5199\u9519\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u65f6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f7\u3002<\/p>\n

mov ah, 0x0e \u548c mov al, 'A'：\u5f80\u683c\u5b50\u91cc\u653e\u6570<\/h4>\n

\u6307\u4ee4\u5e72\u6d3b\u5f97\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u653e\u4e1c\u897f\u3002CPU \u91cc\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u53eb\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668，\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u53ea\u7528\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a：AH \u548c AL\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u4fe9\u662f AX \u7684\u4e24\u534a\u2014\u2014AX \u662f 16 \u4f4d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u7528，\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u53eb AH（H = High），\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u53eb AL（L = Low）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5957\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u4e71\u7801，\u662f Intel \u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219：\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf，\u52a0\u5bbd\u5c31\u6362\u524d\u7f00，\u62c6\u534a\u5c31\u52a0\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u5bb6\u65cf8\u4f4d16\u4f4d32\u4f4d64\u4f4d\u6765\u5386<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/td>\nAH\/AL<\/td>\nAX<\/td>\nEAX<\/td>\nRAX<\/td>\n\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/td>\nBH\/BL<\/td>\nBX<\/td>\nEBX<\/td>\nRBX<\/td>\n\u57fa\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/td>\nCH\/CL<\/td>\nCX<\/td>\nECX<\/td>\nRCX<\/td>\n\u8ba1\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/td>\nDH\/DL<\/td>\nDX<\/td>\nEDX<\/td>\nRDX<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u56db\u4e2a\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3001\u56db\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf，\u8bb0\u4f4f"\u52a0\u5bbd\u6362\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u62c6\u534a\u52a0\u540e\u7f00"\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5c31\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002（SI\u3001DI\u3001SP\u3001BP \u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b，\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709 8 \u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u534a，\u53ea\u6709 16／32／64 \u4e09\u79cd\u5bbd\u5ea6，\u7528\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u8bf4\u3002）<\/p>\n

mov \u5c31\u662f move，\u653e\u6570：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • mov ah, 0x0e：\u628a 14 \u653e\u8fdb\u53d6 AH\u3002<\/li>\n
  • mov al, 'A'：\u628a\u5b57\u7b26 A \u653e\u8fdb AL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4f46 CPU \u4e0d\u8ba4"A"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6，\u53ea\u8ba4\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7ed9\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u8fc7\u53f7，\u53eb ASCII，\u5927\u5199 A \u662f 65\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 'A' \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u6cd5，nasm \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u4f1a\u66ff\u4f60\u6362\u6210 65\u2014\u2014\u5199 'A'\u3001\u5199 0x41\u3001\u5199 65，\u7f16\u51fa\u6765\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56de\u5934\u770b\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u5f20\u8868：0x41 = 4\u00d716 + 1 = 65\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    int 0x10：\u558a BIOS \u5e72\u6d3b<\/h4>\n

    int \u662f interrupt，\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u6267\u884c\u5230\u5b83，CPU \u4f1a\u8df3\u53bb BIOS \u7684 10 \u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u6bb5\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，BIOS \u91cc\u65e9\u5c31\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48，\u662f\u770b\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684：<\/p>\n

  • \u5148\u770b AH \u91cc\u662f\u51e0\u30020x0e \u8868\u793a"\u5728\u5149\u6807\u5904\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26"\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u518d\u770b AL \u91cc\u662f\u51e0\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u662f 0x41，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 A\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e8e\u662f\u628a A \u5199\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a，\u7136\u540e\u8df3\u56de\u6765，\u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e24\u6761 mov \u662f\u5728\u6309 BIOS \u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6446\u53c2\u6570，int 0x10 \u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u53eb\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a，\u540e\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u8981\u8ddf\u5b83\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

    jmp $：\u539f\u5730\u6253\u8f6c<\/h4>\n

    jmp \u662f jump，\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002$ \u8868\u793a"\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740"，jmp $ \u5c31\u662f\u8df3\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5934\u4e0a，\u539f\u5730\u6253\u8f6c，\u6c38\u8fdc\u505c\u5728\u8fd9\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u53e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u3002 \u4e0d\u52a0\u7684\u8bdd，CPU \u6267\u884c\u5b8c int 0x10 \u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70，\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u8fdb\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u533a\u3001\u8d70\u51fa\u8fd9 512 \u5b57\u8282，\u8dd1\u8fdb\u4e00\u7247\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cc，\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u597d 512 \u5b57\u8282<\/h3>\n

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5230 jmp $ \u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\u6570\u4e00\u4e0b\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u56db\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7f16\u51fa\u6765\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282：<\/p>\n\n\u6c47\u7f16\u673a\u5668\u7801\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    mov ah, 0x0e<\/td>\nB4 0E<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mov al, 'A'<\/td>\nB0 41<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    int 0x10<\/td>\nCD 10<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    jmp $<\/td>\nEB FE<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u4e00\u5171 8 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6c47\u7f16\u662f\u4eba\u770b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5，\u673a\u5668\u7801\u662f CPU \u8bfb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002nasm \u5e72\u7684\u6d3b\u5c31\u662f\u67e5\u8868\u7ffb\u8bd1：\u6bcf\u6761\u6c47\u7f16\u6362\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u8282，\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u4e00\u6761，\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u82b1\u6837\u3002\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f88\u76f4\u767d\u2014\u2014\u7f16\u53f7\u52a0\u6570\u636e：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • B4 \u662f"\u5f80 AH \u653e\u6570"\u7684\u7f16\u53f7，0E \u662f\u653e\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u6570<\/li>\n
    • B0 \u662f"\u5f80 AL \u653e\u6570"\u7684\u7f16\u53f7，41 \u662f\u90a3\u4e2a A<\/li>\n
    • CD \u662f"\u4e2d\u65ad"\u7684\u7f16\u53f7，10 \u662f\u558a 10 \u53f7<\/li>\n
    • EB \u662f"\u8df3\u8f6c"\u7684\u7f16\u53f7，FE \u8868\u793a\u5f80\u56de\u8df3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      8 \u5b57\u8282，\u79bb 512 \u8fd8\u5dee 504 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u800c\u8fd9 504 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a7a\u7740\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a BIOS \u8ba4\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6247\u533a，\u662f\u770b\u672b\u5c3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u5e72\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684：<\/p>\n

      times 510 – ($ – $$) db 0
      \ndw 0xaa55<\/p>\n

      \u62c6\u5f00\u770b：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • $$ \u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740（\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u662f 0x7c00）<\/li>\n
      • $ \u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740（\u5199\u5230\u54ea\u7b97\u5230\u54ea）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u6240\u4ee5 $ – $$ \u5c31\u662f"\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282"\u3002510 – ($ – $$) \u5c31\u662f"\u8fd8\u5dee\u591a\u5c11\u80fd\u51d1\u5230 510"\u3002\u800c times N db 0 \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u628a db 0 \u91cd\u590d N \u904d"，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u586b N \u4e2a\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5408\u8d77\u6765：\u4e00\u76f4\u586b\u96f6，\u586b\u5230\u7b2c 510 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7136\u540e dw 0xaa55 \u5199\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282，\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u7b2c 510\u3001511 \u4e24\u683c\u5360\u6ee1，\u51d1\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 512\u3002<\/p>\n

        0xaa55 \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6309\u5c0f\u7aef\u5b58\u653e，\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f 55 AA\u3002BIOS \u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a，\u53ea\u770b\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u4e0d\u662f 55 AA：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u662f \u2192 \u628a\u8fd9 512 \u5b57\u8282\u642c\u5230 0x7c00，\u8df3\u8fdb\u53bb\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n
        • \u4e0d\u662f \u2192 \u5f53\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u4e1c\u897f，\u8df3\u8fc7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u884c\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u4e86：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • times …：\u6491\u6ee1 512 \u5b57\u8282，\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6247\u533a\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574<\/li>\n
          • dw 0xaa55：\u8d34\u5408\u683c\u8bc1，\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83 BIOS \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7406\u4f60<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f"\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a"\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u4e49：\u6b63\u597d 512 \u5b57\u8282，\u672b\u5c3e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f 55 AA，\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u6700\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n

            \u56db\u3001\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5751<\/h3>\n

            \u4e00\u3001\u5fd8\u4e86 jmp $\u3002 CPU \u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u51b2\u8fdb\u6570\u636e\u533a，\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9690\u853d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f"\u62a5\u9519"，\u662f"\u8dd1\u98de"\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4e8c\u3001\u5fd8\u4e86 times \u6216\u8005 dw 0xaa55\u3002 \u5c11\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a，BIOS \u90fd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed1\u5c4f，\u800c\u662f\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u2014\u2014\u770b\u89c1\u8fd9\u53e5\u63d0\u793a，\u5148\u56de\u6765\u67e5\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4e09\u3001[org] \u5199\u9519\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u8fd8\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765，\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8，\u6240\u6709\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u9519\u4f4d\u3002\u5148\u8bb0\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n

            \u4e94\u3001\u4e07\u4e00\u6ca1\u51fa\u73b0 A<\/h3>\n

            \u522b\u6025\u7740\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u5148\u5206\u6e05\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u5bf9\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b，\u5206\u5f00\u67e5\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9<\/h4>\n

            stat<\/span> -c%s os.img<\/p>\n

            \u5e94\u8be5\u8f93\u51fa 512\u3002\u4e0d\u662f 512，\u5c31\u662f times \u6216 dw \u90a3\u4e24\u884c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u518d\u770b\u672b\u5c3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282：<\/p>\n

            od -A<\/span> x -t<\/span> x1z os.img |<\/span> tail<\/span> -2<\/span><\/p>\n

            0001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa >…………..U.<
            \n000200<\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5730\u5740：0x1f0 \u662f\u7b2c 496 \u5b57\u8282，\u5f80\u540e\u6570 14 \u4e2a\u96f6\u6b63\u597d\u5230\u7b2c 510 \u5b57\u8282\u2014\u2014\u7136\u540e 55 aa\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u5b57\u8282\u4e0d\u662f 55 aa，BIOS \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n

            （\u987a\u4fbf，hexdump \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684 Linux \u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u88c5\u3002od \u662f coreutils \u81ea\u5e26\u7684，\u4efb\u4f55 Linux \u4e0a\u90fd\u6709，\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528 od\u3002\u60f3\u770b\u7eaf\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 od -A x -t x1 os.img | tail -2\u3002）<\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：QEMU \u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n

            QEMU \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u58f0\u4e0d\u542d：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u5b83\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd \u2192 \u5b83\u6ca1\u8ba4 55 AA，\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5b83\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bf4，\u7a97\u53e3\u505c\u5728\u90a3 \u2192 \u5b83\u8ba4\u4e86，\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\u770b<\/h4>\n

              \u60f3\u770b\u66f4\u7ec6\u7684，\u628a QEMU \u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u5668\u6302\u4e0a：<\/p>\n

              qemu-system-i386 -drive<\/span> format<\/span>=<\/span>raw,file=<\/span>os.img -monitor<\/span> stdio<\/p>\n

              \u51fa\u73b0 (qemu) \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u540e，\u4f9d\u6b21\u6572：<\/p>\n

              xp\/2hx 0x7dfe \u2192 \u770b\u90a3\u4e24\u683c，\u5e94\u8be5\u662f 0xaa55
              \nxp\/8xb 0x7c00 \u2192 \u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801，\u5e94\u8be5\u662f 8 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282
              \nxp\/4hx 0xb8000 \u2192 \u770b\u663e\u5b58\u6700\u5f00\u5934（BIOS \u7684\u6a2a\u5e45）<\/p>\n

              \u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8bdd，\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4f1a\u56de：<\/p>\n

              00007dfe: 0xaa55 0x0000<\/p>\n

              \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u4f1a\u56de：<\/p>\n

              00007c00: 0xb4 0x0e 0xb0 0x41 0xcd 0x10 0xeb 0xfe<\/p>\n

              \u8fd9 8 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282，\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u5f20\u8868\u91cc\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801，\u539f\u6837\u8eba\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u3002\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c，\u8bf4\u660e\u7f16\u8bd1\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u5269\u4e0b\u8981\u67e5\u7684\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6700\u540e：A \u5230\u5e95\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u54ea<\/h4>\n

              \u5b9e\u6d4b\u63d0\u793a：\u5728 QEMU \u91cc\u8dd1，A \u4e0d\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a BIOS \u5148\u6253\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a2a\u5e45，\u5149\u6807\u65e9\u5c31\u88ab\u63a8\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86，A \u843d\u5728\u5149\u6807\u505c\u4f4f\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e（\u5b9e\u6d4b\u5728\u7b2c 8 \u884c\u7b2c 0 \u5217，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d34\u7740\u5de6\u8fb9，\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c）\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7167\u7740"\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2"\u627e，\u53ef\u80fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u6cbf\u7740\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e00\u5217\u4ece\u4e0a\u5f80\u4e0b\u626b，\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u516d\u3001\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u8def<\/h3>\n

              512 \u5b57\u8282，8 \u884c\u6c47\u7f16，\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a A\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u548c\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8bf4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4f46 512 \u5b57\u8282\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5c0f\u2014\u2014\u88c5\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838，\u751a\u81f3\u88c5\u4e0d\u4e0b\u51e0\u53e5\u50cf\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8bfb\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f"\u4e24\u6bb5\u5f0f\u5f15\u5bfc"\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u8def\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u4e86，\u63a5\u7740\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u89c1\u3002<\/b><\/font> \"\u8bf7\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u6211\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u76f4\u8fbe\u300a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u4e13\u680f\u70b9\u51fb\u8fdb\u5165\u300a\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u300b\u4e13\u680f\u70b9\u51fb\u8fdb\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838（\u4e00）：\u6700\u5c0f\u5f15\u5bfc\u6247\u533a
              \n\u4f60\u6309\u4e0b\u7535\u6e90\u3002
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