{"id":113723,"date":"2026-10-07T08:17:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T00:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113723.html"},"modified":"2026-10-07T08:17:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T00:17:53","slug":"arm-%e5%b5%8c%e5%85%a5%e5%bc%8f-linux-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e-socket-%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%88%b0-tcp-%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91-echo-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113723.html","title":{"rendered":"ARM \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece Socket \u57fa\u7840\u5230 TCP \u5e76\u53d1 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u9644\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\u7801\u4e0e FAQ\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u9762\u5411\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u624b\u628a\u624b\u5e26\u4f60\u8d70\u901a\u4ece\u96f6\u5230\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u8986\u76d6 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u9009\u578b\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u3001Socket \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001TCP\/UDP \u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u3001poll \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 TCP \u5e76\u53d1 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6e90\u7801\u300114 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891 FAQ \u4e0e\u603b\u7ed3\u5c55\u671b\u3002\u5168\u6587\u4ee5\u300c\u80fd\u8dd1\u901a\u3001\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u300d\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u907f\u5f00\u65b0\u624b\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a CPU 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\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5230\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6784\u5efa\u65e2\u9ad8\u6548\u53c8\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u7684\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4f18\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u90fd\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2460 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<li>\u2461 \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li>\u2462 \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 Socket \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u2463 TCP Echo \u670d\u52a1\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1<\/li>\n<li>\u2464 \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5 UDP \u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u65f6\u5e8f\u540c\u6b65\u6848\u4f8b<\/li>\n<li>\u2465 Socket \u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u6280\u5de7<\/li>\n<li>\u2466 Select \u4e0e Poll \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u2467 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b Socket \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\u2468 \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u62a5\u9519\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u2469 \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/li>\n<li>\u246a \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u6218\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f TCP \u5e76\u53d1 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u246b \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898 FAQ<\/li>\n<li>\u246c \u5c55\u671b\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003<\/li>\n<li>\u246d \u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u2460 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u52a8\u624b\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u82b1\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u628a TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76d8\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u7701\u5f88\u591a\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u529b\u6c14\u3002TCP\/IP \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5c42\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u7684 HTTP\u3001MQTT\u3001Modbus \u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1bTCP \u548c UDP \u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1bIP\u3001ICMP\u3001ARP \u5c5e\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1b\u800c\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u5219\u843d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u3002\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u6570\u636e\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u6536\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u201d\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u5e27\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u578b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002TCP \u548c UDP \u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8bba\u3002TCP \u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u53d1\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cTCP \u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5934\u90e8\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u5c0f\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6296\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cTCP \u662f\u6d41\u5f0f\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7c98\u5305\u534a\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cUDP \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u62a5\u6216\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u654f\u611f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4f46 UDP \u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u4e71\u5e8f\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u4ee4\u8d70 TCP\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8d70 UDP\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u7f51\u5173\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u66f4\u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u786e\u4fdd\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u6e29\u6e7f\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4e0a\u62a5\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 UDP \u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5e26\u5bbd\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u578b\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u8651\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f MTU\uff08\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff09\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u901a\u5e38\u9ed8\u8ba4 MTU \u4e3a 1500 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u82e5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8d85\u8fc7\u6b64\u503c\u9700\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e22\u5305\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u6b21\u8f7d\u8377\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684 IP \u7f51\u6bb5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u9884\u671f\uff0cTCP \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u8981\u5360\u7528\u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3001\u6536\u53d1\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u9884\u671f\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u8bc4\u4f30\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u591f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u540e\u7eed\u662f\u9009 poll \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u505a\u9009\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n   \u7ef4\u5ea6<br \/>\n   TCP<br \/>\n   UDP<br \/>\n  <\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<td>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9700\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6536\u53d1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u6709\u91cd\u4f20\u4e0e\u786e\u8ba4<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5305\u4e71\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u63e1\u624b\u6709\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<td>\u56fa\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u53d1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4f20<\/td>\n<td>\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u4e0a\u62a5\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u5904\u7406\u7c98\u5305\u534a\u5305\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u8865\u507f\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u52a0\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u3001\u9891\u7387\u4f4e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d70 TCP\uff1b\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u3001\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5c11\u91cf\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d70 UDP\u3002\u62ff\u4e0d\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u9009 TCP\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u7701\u5fc3\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u5e26\u5bbd\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5207\u6362\u5230 UDP \u5e76\u81ea\u884c\u8865\u9f50\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4ece\u300c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u4e22\u5931\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u987a\u7740\u5206\u652f\u8d70\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u573a\u666f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .label text,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node rect,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node circle,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node .label,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-lxO8e5dtQys4CO6I :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;} <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5141\u8bb8\u4e22\u5931\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5141\u8bb8\u5c11\u91cf\u4e22\u5931\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9 UDP<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9 TCP<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e14\u9891\u7387\u4f4e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f\u74f6\u9888\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u8865\u507f\uff1a\u52a0\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u53d1\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6821\u51c6<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u7c98\u5305\u534a\u5305\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>\u987a\u7740\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u8d70\u4e00\u904d\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u56fa\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u53d1\u8fd9\u7c7b\u300c\u4e22\u4e86\u5c31\u8981\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8d70 TCP\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\u3001\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u4e0a\u62a5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u300c\u5076\u5c14\u4e22\u4e00\u5e27\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4f46\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8981\u4f4e\u300d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8d70 UDP \u5e76\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8865\u4e0a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u91cd\u53d1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u62ff\u4e0d\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u5bfc\u5411 TCP\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u9009 TCP\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u7701\u5fc3\u300d\u7684\u843d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u2461 \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<p>\u5de5\u6b32\u5584\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u5229\u5176\u5668\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u7801\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u6216 ip \u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>lsmod <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">grep<\/span> eth<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u672a\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u9700\u624b\u52a8 insmod \u5bf9\u5e94\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u914d\u7f6e IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9759\u6001 IP \u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5de5\u4e1a\u573a\u666f\u4ee5\u907f\u514d DHCP \u5931\u8d25\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65ad\u8fde\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ifconfig<\/span> eth0 <span class=\"token number\">192.168<\/span>.1.100 netmask <span class=\"token number\">255.255<\/span>.255.0 up<br \/>\nroute <span class=\"token function\">add<\/span> default gw <span class=\"token number\">192.168<\/span>.1.1<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u624b\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c IP \u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148 ping \u4e00\u4e0b\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e8c\u5c42\u94fe\u8def\u662f\u901a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c ping 192.168.1.1 \u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u5148\u522b\u6025\u7740\u67e5\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u7f51\u7ebf\u6ca1\u63d2\u597d\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u6ca1\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005 IP \u7f51\u6bb5\u5199\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cifconfig \u5728\u65b0\u7248\u5185\u6838\u91cc\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab ip \u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6548\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46 ip \u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ip<\/span> addr <span class=\"token function\">add<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">192.168<\/span>.1.100\/24 dev eth0<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ip<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">link<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">set<\/span> eth0 up<br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ip<\/span> route <span class=\"token function\">add<\/span> default via <span class=\"token number\">192.168<\/span>.1.1<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u7528\u7684 ping \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u5173\u548c\u5916\u7f51\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 netstat -tuln \u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf SYN\u3001ACK \u7b49\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0 ARP \u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u8def\u6216\u4ea4\u6362\u673a VLAN \u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u9010\u5c42\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u628a\u300c\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa \u2192 \u9a8c\u8bc1 \u2192 \u6392\u67e5\u300d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u5bf9\u7167\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 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polygon,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-VpwTvuU6PPo5gnN4 :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;} <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5426<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u662f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u786e\u8ba4\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>lsmod \u80fd\u770b\u5230 eth \u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>insmod \u52a0\u8f7d\u9a71\u52a8<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001 IP \u4e0e\u7f51\u5173<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>ping \u7f51\u5173 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u5173\u53ef\u8fbe\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7ebf\/\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\/VLAN<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>ping \u5916\u7f51\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>netstat \u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>tcpdump \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790 SYN\/ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u628a\u300c\u5148\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u518d IP\u3001\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u300d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e32\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8df3\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u9a71\u52a8\u6ca1\u52a0\u8f7d\u5c31\u6025\u7740\u914d IP\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c ifconfig \u62a5 SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such device\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u5361\u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6309\u56fe\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8d70\uff0c\u80fd\u5c11\u8e29\u5f88\u591a\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea ping \u7f51\u5173\u3002\u7f51\u5173\u901a\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e8c\u5c42\u548c\u4e09\u5c42\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u7f51\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u518d ping 8.8.8.8\uff08\u6216\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff09\u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u548c NAT \u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7528 traceroute \u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u8df3\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6574\u6761\u94fe\u8def\u90fd\u901a\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684 Socket \u7f16\u7a0b\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u2462 \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 Socket \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p>Socket \u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5728 C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a TCP Socket \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec socket\u3001bind\u3001listen \u548c accept \u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff09\u6216 socket \u548c connect\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e Socket \u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u9002\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u5730\u5740\u590d\u7528\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u56e0\\&#8221;Address already in use\\&#8221;\u62a5\u9519\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sock <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;socket creation failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> opt <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">setsockopt<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOL_SOCKET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SO_REUSEADDR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr_in<\/span> server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">memset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nserver_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nserver_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>s_addr <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> INADDR_ANY<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\nserver_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">bind<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;bind failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">listen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/  backlog \u8bbe\u4e3a 5 \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u65e0\u9700\u8fc7\u5927<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc backlog \u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u5b9c\u8bbe\u5f97\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u5185\u6838\u961f\u5217\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528 connect \u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u8bae\u52a0\u5165\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u77ac\u65ad\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u72af\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5fd8\u8bb0 memset \u6e05\u96f6 sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6e05\u96f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u91cc\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u5783\u573e\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 bind \u6216 connect \u884c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd bug \u6781\u96be\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc memset(&amp;server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr)) \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u662f\u5927\u7aef\uff08Big-Endian\uff09\uff0c\u800c x86\/ARM \u5c0f\u7aef\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 htons() \u8f6c\u6362\uff0cIP \u5730\u5740\u7528 inet_addr() \u6216 inet_pton() \u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 server_addr.sin_port = 8080\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6392\u67e5\u534a\u5929\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u6ca1\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u5bf9\u7167\u7406\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 svg{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .label{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .label text,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-74vdzqw8XpulbNE2 :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;} <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>socket() \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>setsockopt() \u8bbe\u7f6e SO_REUSEADDR<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>bind() \u7ed1\u5b9a IP \u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>listen() \u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>accept() \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>socket() \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>connect() \u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1 read\/write<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u7167\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u662f\u300c\u5148\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u518d\u76d1\u542c\u3001\u540e\u63a5\u53d7\u300d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u662f\u300c\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u300d\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\u90fd\u8981\u5148 socket()\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u2014\u2014socket\u3001bind\u3001listen\u3001accept\u3001connect \u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de -1 \u90fd\u8981\u53ca\u65f6 perror \u5e76\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u95f7\u5934\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u70b9\uff1aaccept \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5 Socket\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u76d1\u542c Socket \u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u624b\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a accept \u4e4b\u540e\u76d1\u542c Socket \u5c31\u5e9f\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u2014\u2014\u76d1\u542c Socket \u548c\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5 Socket \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u804c\u8d23\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u5b66 poll \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u65f6\u4f1a\u8f7b\u677e\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u4e86 Socket \u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u503c\u5f97\u4f60\u82b1\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u2014\u2014TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u65ad\u5f00\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 connect\u3001accept\u3001close \u8fd9\u4e9b API \u80cc\u540e\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u300c\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fde\u63a5\u56de\u6536\u300d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u4e32\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>  #mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq{font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq 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text{fill:#9370DB;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq g.stateGroup text{fill:#333;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq g.stateGroup .state-title{font-weight:bolder;fill:#131300;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq g.stateGroup rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq g.stateGroup line{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .transition{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .stateGroup .composit{fill:white;border-bottom:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .stateGroup .alt-composit{fill:#e0e0e0;border-bottom:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .state-note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .state-note text{fill:black;stroke:none;font-size:10px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .stateLabel .box{stroke:none;stroke-width:0;fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.5;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edgeLabel .label rect{fill:#ECECFF;opacity:0.5;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .edgeLabel .label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .label div .edgeLabel{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .stateLabel text{fill:#131300;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .node circle.state-start{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .node .fork-join{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .node circle.state-end{fill:#9370DB;stroke:white;stroke-width:1.5;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .end-state-inner{fill:white;stroke-width:1.5;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .node rect{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .node 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rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#f0f0f0;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagram-note text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagram-note .nodeLabel{color:black;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagram .edgeLabel{color:red;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq #dependencyStart,#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq #dependencyEnd{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq .statediagramTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IKmtdcP8elTx0Pkq :root{&#8211;mermaid-font-family:\\&#8221;trebuchet ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;} <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>connect() \u53d1\u9001 SYN<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 SYN+ACK\uff0c\u53d1\u9001 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u65f6\/\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>close() \u53d1\u9001 FIN<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 FIN\uff0c\u53d1\u9001 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\u5f85 2MSL \u540e\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>listen() \u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 SYN\uff0c\u56de\u590d SYN+ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 FIN\uff0c\u53d1\u9001 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>close() \u53d1\u9001 FIN<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u5230 ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff08SYN \u2192 SYN+ACK \u2192 ACK\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff08FIN \u2192 ACK \u2192 FIN \u2192 ACK\uff09<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>CLOSED<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>SYN_SENT<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>ESTABLISHED<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>FIN_WAIT_1<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>FIN_WAIT_2<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>TIME_WAIT<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>LISTEN<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>SYN_RCVD<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>CLOSE_WAIT<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>         <span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>LAST_ACK<\/p>\n<p><\/span> <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u7167\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u300c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1 SYN \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u56de SYN+ACK \u2192 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u518d\u56de ACK\u300d\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u5165 ESTABLISHED \u72b6\u6001\uff0cconnect \u548c accept \u624d\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u5219\u662f\u300c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u65b9\u53d1 FIN \u2192 \u5bf9\u7aef\u56de ACK \u2192 \u5bf9\u7aef\u518d\u53d1 FIN \u2192 \u4e3b\u52a8\u65b9\u56de ACK\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u65b9\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u9192\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6ce8\u610f TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff09\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a ACK \u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85 2MSL\uff08Maximum Segment Lifetime\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff09 \u540e\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a ACK \u80fd\u53ef\u9760\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fdf\u5230\u62a5\u6587\u5e72\u6270\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cTIME_WAIT \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\u53d7\u9650\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u300c\u8fde\u63a5 \u2192 \u65ad\u5f00 \u2192 \u518d\u8fde\u63a5\u300d\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u4e00\u7aef\u53e3\u4f1a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u505c\u7559\u5728 TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 bind \u65f6\u62a5 Address already in use\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u524d\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e SO_REUSEADDR \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528\u5904\u4e8e TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u91cd\u8fde\u65f6\u88ab\u5361\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u56de\u6536\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1aTIME_WAIT \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6301\u7eed\u7ea6 2 \u5206\u949f\uff082MSL\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5904\u4e8e TIME_WAIT \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 netstat -tuln \u6216 ss -tan \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u4e8e TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u91cf\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout \u7f29\u77ed\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 SO_LINGER \u63a7\u5236\u5173\u95ed\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f2\u76ee\u8c03\u5c0f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aTIME_WAIT \u662f TCP \u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u8981\u6b63\u89c6\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u7528 SO_REUSEADDR \u89e3\u51b3\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7528 tcp_fin_timeout \u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u56de\u6536\u8282\u594f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Socket \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u6218\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210 socket \u2192 setsockopt \u2192 bind \u2192 listen \u2192 accept \u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210 socket \u2192 connect \u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u4e0a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/* server_init.c \u2014\u2014 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef Socket \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b *\/<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;errno.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">SERVER_PORT<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">BACKLOG<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 1. socket()\uff1a\u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> server_sock <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;socket creation failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 2. setsockopt()\uff1a\u542f\u7528\u5730\u5740\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u62a5 Address already in use *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> opt <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">setsockopt<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOL_SOCKET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SO_REUSEADDR<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>opt<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 3. \u586b\u5145 sockaddr_in\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f memset \u6e05\u96f6 + htons \u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr_in<\/span> server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">memset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>s_addr <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> INADDR_ANY<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u672c\u5730\u63a5\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\n    server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>SERVER_PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 4. bind()\uff1a\u7ed1\u5b9a IP \u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">bind<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;bind failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 5. listen()\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0cbacklog \u4e0d\u5b9c\u8fc7\u5927 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">listen<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BACKLOG<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;listen failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[INFO] server listening on port %d, backlog=%d\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> BACKLOG<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 6. accept()\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u5373\u9000\u51fa\uff09 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr_in<\/span> client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">socklen_t<\/span> addr_len <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> client_sock <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">accept<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>addr_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;accept failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[INFO] client connected: %s:%d\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n           <span class=\"token function\">inet_ntoa<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ntohs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 7. \u6536\u5c3e\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5 Socket \u4e0e\u76d1\u542c Socket *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/* client_init.c \u2014\u2014 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef Socket \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u542b\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\uff09 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;string.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;errno.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;arpa\/inet.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">SERVER_IP<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;192.168.1.100\\&#8221;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">SERVER_PORT<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">MAX_RETRY<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">RETRY_DELAY<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span>   <\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u79d2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 1. socket()\uff1a\u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sock <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">socket<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SOCK_STREAM<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;socket creation failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 2. \u586b\u5145\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f memset \u6e05\u96f6 + htons\/inet_pton \u8f6c\u6362 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr_in<\/span> server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">memset<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_family <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_port <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">htons<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>SERVER_PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">inet_pton<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>AF_INET<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_IP<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>sin_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;inet_pton failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 3. connect()\uff1a\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u77ac\u65ad *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> retry <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>retry <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> MAX_RETRY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">connect<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">sockaddr<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_addr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[INFO] connected to %s:%d\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_IP<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;connect failed\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        retry<span class=\"token operator\">++<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>retry <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> MAX_RETRY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[WARN] retry %d\/%d after %d seconds&#8230;\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> retry<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> MAX_RETRY<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> RETRY_DELAY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>RETRY_DELAY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>retry <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;=<\/span> MAX_RETRY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[ERROR] connect to %s:%d failed after %d retries\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n               SERVER_IP<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> SERVER_PORT<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> MAX_RETRY<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 4. \u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u5728\u6b64\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e *\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* 5. \u6536\u5c3e\uff1a\u5173\u95ed Socket *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u7f16\u8bd1\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/span><br \/>\ngcc <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> server_init server_init.c<br \/>\ngcc <span class=\"token parameter variable\">-o<\/span> client_init client_init.c<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u7ec8\u7aef 1\uff1a\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/span><br \/>\n.\/server_init<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u7ec8\u7aef 2\uff1a\u518d\u542f\u52a8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/span><br \/>\n.\/client_init<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p># \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa<br \/>\n[INFO] server listening on port 8080, backlog=5<br \/>\n[INFO] client connected: 192.168.1.100:34567<\/p>\n<p># \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa<br \/>\n[INFO] connected to 192.168.1.100:8080<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u628a\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u5168\u90e8\u843d\u5730\uff1amemset \u6e05\u96f6 sockaddr_in\u3001htons\/inet_pton \u505a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3001SO_REUSEADDR \u89e3\u51b3\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\u3001backlog \u63a7\u5236\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u77ac\u65ad\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684 accept \u653e\u8fdb\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u7b2c\u2463\u8282\u7684 Echo \u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 TCP \u901a\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u2463 TCP Echo \u670d\u52a1\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1 TCP \u901a\u4fe1\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u539f\u6837\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u7684 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> client_sock <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">accept<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>server_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">continue<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token class-name\">ssize_t<\/span> bytes_read <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>bytes_read <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">write<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bytes_read<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u8dd1\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08accept \u540e\u963b\u585e\u5728 read\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406 read \u8fd4\u56de 0 \u6216 -1 \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bbe\u5907\u5047\u6b7b\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0cread \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u533a\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c &gt; 0\uff1a\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c == 0\uff1a\u5bf9\u7aef\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94 close \u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c &lt; 0\uff1a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408 errno \u5224\u65ad\u3002EAGAIN\/EWOULDBLOCK \u8868\u793a\u8d85\u65f6\u65e0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\uff1bEINTR \u8868\u793a\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u5219\u9700\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u7684 Echo \u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">echo_loop<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1024<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">ssize_t<\/span> bytes_read<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n        bytes_read <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>bytes_read <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u539f\u6837\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u8def\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">write<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> buffer<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bytes_read<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>bytes_read <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[INFO] client closed connection\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> EAGAIN <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> errno <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> EWOULDBLOCK<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[WARN] recv timeout, keep waiting\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">continue<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>errno <span class=\"token operator\">==<\/span> EINTR<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;[WARN] interrupted by signal, retry\\\\n\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">continue<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">\\&#8221;read error\\&#8221;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">close<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u628a\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad\u5f53\u4f5c\u300c\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u9519\u8bef\u300d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u300c\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u300d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u914d\u5408\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684 SO_RCVTIMEO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u5904\u7406\u534a\u5305\u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3002TCP \u662f\u6d41\u5f0f\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u6b21 read \u6070\u597d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d88\u606f\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u6216 TLV\uff08Type-Length-Value\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d 4 \u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5148\u8bfb\u957f\u5ea6\u518d\u8bfb\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u7aef\uff1a\u5148\u8bfb 4 \u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u518d\u8bfb\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token class-name\">uint32_t<\/span> msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token class-name\">ssize_t<\/span> n <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n <span class=\"token operator\">!=<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">sizeof<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u534a\u5305\uff1a\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bfb\u5168\uff0c\u9700\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bfb<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\nmsg_len <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ntohl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u518d\u8bfb msg_len \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6b63\u6587<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> payload <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token class-name\">size_t<\/span> total <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>total <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> msg_len<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/p>\n<p>   <\/span><br \/>\n    n <span class=\"token operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">read<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_sock<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> payload <span class=\"token operator\">+<\/span> total<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> msg_len <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> total<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">break<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    total <span class=\"token operator\">+=<\/span> n<span class><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u9762\u5411\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u624b\u628a\u624b\u5e26\u4f60\u8d70\u901a\u4ece\u96f6\u5230\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u8986\u76d6 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u9009\u578b\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u3001Socket \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001TCP\/UDP \u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u3001poll \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574 TCP \u5e76\u53d1 Echo \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6e90\u7801\u300114 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891 FAQ 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