{"id":113617,"date":"2026-10-07T00:09:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113617.html"},"modified":"2026-10-07T00:09:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:09:35","slug":"linux-%e5%88%9d%e5%a7%8b%e5%8c%96%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%ef%bc%88init-system%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113617.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08init system\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf（init system）\u662f Linux \u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7531\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 1\u3002\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u627f\u62c5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u3001\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

systemd \u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3001\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5957\u4ef6\u3002\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd \u662f\u5957\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u636e PID 1，\u627f\u62c5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u5957\u4ef6\u5176\u4f59\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u914d\u5957\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u522b\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5305\u542b systemctl\u3001journalctl\u3001systemd\u2011networkd\u3001systemd\u2011resolved\u3001systemd\u2011logind\u3001systemd\u2011udevd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5747\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236，\u5404\u81ea\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u4efb\u52a1，\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u5e95\u5c42\u5e93\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4ea7\u7269\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf ELF \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u540c\u65f6\u9644\u5e26 .service\u3001.target \u7b49\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u53c2\u6570，\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002PID 1 \u7684 systemd \u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6309\u9700\u6d3e\u751f\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5957\u4ef6\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6574\u5957\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6253\u5305\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305，\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u9762\u5e38\u5c06\u6574\u5957\u5957\u4ef6\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a systemd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u6bd4，SysVinit\u3001runit\u3001OpenRC\u3001s6 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u540c\u6837\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0e\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\u5168\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5b98\u65b9\u56fa\u5b9a\u5206\u7c7b\u6e05\u5355，\u4f9d\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u6027，\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u7c7b\u522b\u6570\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868\u9879\u76ee<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u4e3b\u6d41\u53ef\u7528<\/td>\n\u7ea6 5\u20136 \u79cd<\/td>\nsystemd\u3001OpenRC\u3001runit\u3001s6\/s6\u2011rc\u3001dinit\u3001SysVinit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5e73\u53f0\u4e13\u7528<\/td>\n\u7ea6 3\u20134 \u79cd<\/td>\nprocd（OpenWrt）\u3001BusyBox init\u3001finit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5386\u53f2\/\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027<\/td>\n\u82e5\u5e72<\/td>\nUpstart\u3001Initng\u3001Epoch\u3001ginitd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u975e Linux \u5e73\u53f0<\/td>\n\u82e5\u5e72<\/td>\nlaunchd（macOS）\u3001SMF（Solaris）\u3001BSD rc.d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n\n\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u914d\u53d1\u884c\u7248\/\u5e73\u53f0\u7279\u6027\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
systemd<\/td>\nFedora\u3001RHEL \u7cfb\u3001openSUSE\u3001Arch\u3001Debian\u3001Ubuntu<\/td>\nLinux \u751f\u6001\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6； \u96c6\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u91c7\u96c6\u3001cgroup \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u6a21\u5757； \u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5e7f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SysVinit<\/td>\nSlackware\u3001Devuan\u3001antiX\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u6d41 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248<\/td>\n\u57fa\u4e8e \/etc\/inittab \u4e0e \/etc\/init.d \u811a\u672c\u673a\u5236； \u91c7\u7528\u4e32\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f；\u67b6\u6784\u900f\u660e，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8001\u65e7\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u6559\u5b66\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OpenRC<\/td>\nGentoo（\u9ed8\u8ba4）\u3001Alpine\u3001Artix\u3001Devuan<\/td>\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684 Shell \u811a\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668； \u4e0d\u66ff\u6362\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u751f\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001DNS\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6； \u67b6\u6784\u8f7b\u91cf，\u9879\u76ee\u7ef4\u62a4\u5468\u671f\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
runit<\/td>\nVoid Linux（\u9ed8\u8ba4）\u3001antiX\u3001Debian\/Devuan \u53ef\u9009<\/td>\n\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u67b6\u6784； \u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u80fd\u529b； \u914d\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91\u7b80\u6d01，\u65e0\u590d\u6742\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f；\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u7cbe\u7b80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s6 \/ s6\u2011rc<\/td>\nArtix\u3001Gentoo \u53ef\u9009\u3001antiX<\/td>\n\u57fa\u4e8e s6 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e0e s6\u2011rc \u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u5efa； \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u62c6\u5206\u7cbe\u7ec6，\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u7c92\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s6\u201166<\/td>\nGentoo \u53ef\u9009\u3001antiX<\/td>\ns6\/s6\u2011rc \u9ad8\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5\u7ec4\u4ef6； \u7b80\u5316\u539f\u751f\u914d\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u4fdd\u7559\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dinit<\/td>\nArtix\u3001antiX\u3001Debian\/Devuan \u53ef\u9009<\/td>\n\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u67b6\u6784；\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8； \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e systemctl \u517c\u5bb9\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Upstart<\/td>\n\u65e7\u7248 Ubuntu\u3001RHEL\/CentOS 6<\/td>\n\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u578b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf； \u5df2\u88ab systemd \u66ff\u4ee3，\u4ec5\u5b58\u91cf\u8001\u65e7\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u7f72\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
procd<\/td>\nOpenWrt<\/td>\n\u9762\u5411\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BusyBox init<\/td>\n\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux\u3001\u65e9\u671f Alpine<\/td>\n\u4f53\u79ef\u6781\u5c0f，\u529f\u80fd\u7cbe\u7b80； \u9002\u914d\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
finit<\/td>\n\u90e8\u5206\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\/\u8f7b\u91cf Linux<\/td>\n\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf，\u80fd\u529b\u805a\u7126\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u975e Linux \u5e73\u53f0\u65b9\u6848（\u53c2\u8003）<\/h3>\n\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u9002\u914d\u5e73\u53f0\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
launchd<\/td>\nmacOS \/ iOS \/ Darwin<\/td>\n\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u5bf9 systemd \u67b6\u6784\u5b58\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMF<\/td>\nSolaris \/ illumos<\/td>\n\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd，\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b8c\u5584<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSD rc.d<\/td>\nFreeBSD \/ OpenBSD \/ NetBSD<\/td>\nBSD \u4f53\u7cfb\u4f20\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u975e systemd \u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f9d\u636e<\/h3>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u67b6\u6784\u5c42\u9762<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f：systemd \u6574\u5408 journald\u3001logind\u3001networkd\u3001resolved\u3001udevd\u3001timesyncd \u7b49\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u9879\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5355\u4f53\u67b6\u6784，\u5f31\u5316\u4e86 Unix \u4f53\u7cfb\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u804c\u8d23\u8fb9\u754c：PID 1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u627f\u8f7d\u5927\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u63a7\u804c\u8d23，\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927，\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u66f4\u5e7f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u9879\u76ee\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4f53：systemd \u957f\u671f\u7531 Red Hat \u4f01\u4e1a\u56e2\u961f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f00\u53d1\u8fed\u4ee3，\u793e\u533a\u81ea\u6cbb\u5c5e\u6027\u8f83\u5f31，\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6cbb\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u9002\u914d\u5c42\u9762<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f：journald \u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u50a8，\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7 grep \u7b49\u6587\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u89e3\u6790，\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e13\u5c5e journalctl \u5de5\u5177，\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u751f\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u9501\u5b9a：GNOME\u3001Flatpak\u3001Snap\u3001cloud\u2011init\u3001LXD \u7b49\u4e3b\u6d41\u7ec4\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9002\u914d systemd \u67b6\u6784，\u975e systemd \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9700\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e13\u5c5e\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42，\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\u7279\u6027：systemd \u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b8c\u6574，\u540e\u53f0\u5e38\u9a7b\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u591a，\u5728\u8001\u65e7\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u6781\u7b80\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7cfb\u7edf\u900f\u660e\u5ea6：\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e SysVinit\u3001runit\u3001s6 \u7b49\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u67b6\u6784，systemd \u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u7ea7\u66f4\u9ad8，\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76f4\u89c2\u6027\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7248\u672c\u8fed\u4ee3\u53d8\u66f4：2026 \u5e74 systemd \u65b0\u589e\u53ef\u9009 birthDate \u5b57\u6bb5；v259 \u7248\u672c\u5c06 systemd\u2011sysv\u2011generator\u3001systemd\u2011sysv\u2011install \u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u9057\u7559\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u505c\u6b62\u652f\u6301 SysV \u811a\u672c；v260 \u7248\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u79fb\u9664 SysV \u811a\u672c\u9002\u914d\u80fd\u529b，\u540c\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u57fa\u7840\u8fd0\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56，\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u4e3a Linux \u5185\u6838 5.10\u3001glibc 2.34\u3001OpenSSL 3.0\u3001Python 3.9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      systemd \u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n

      systemd \u6210\u4e3a Linux \u751f\u6001\u4e3b\u6d41\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf，\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u9879\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u9002\u914d\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u5ea6\u673a\u5236：\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u6821\u9a8c，\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e SysVinit \u4e32\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347 70%\u201380%\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u7edf\u4e00\u8fd0\u7ef4\u63a5\u53e3：\u901a\u8fc7 systemctl \u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u91cf\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ba1\u7406，\u64cd\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u80fd\u529b：\u539f\u751f\u96c6\u6210 cgroup \u673a\u5236，\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u989d\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5907：\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301 socket \u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u70ed\u63d2\u62d4\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u901a\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u9002\u914d：\u4e0a\u6e38\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u4f18\u5148\u63d0\u4f9b systemd unit \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u751f\u6001\u517c\u5bb9\u8986\u76d6\u5ea6\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u7248\u672c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5173\u952e\u66f4\u65b0：systemd v259（2026 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03）\u5b9e\u73b0 journald \u65e5\u5fd7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u3001\u79fb\u9664 TPM 1.2 \u9002\u914d\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5168\u9762\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3 nftables\u3001cgroup v2 \u652f\u6301 HugeTLB \u8bb0\u8d26\u3001\u6269\u5c55 Varlink IPC \u63a5\u53e3\u80fd\u529b；v260 \u7248\u672c\u5b8c\u6210 SysV \u811a\u672c\u9002\u914d\u5f7b\u5e95\u79fb\u9664\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u4f9d\u8d56\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

        SysV init \u8bde\u751f\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3，\u4e32\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4f9d\u9760\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c，\u542f\u52a8\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b，\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u914d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\u3002Linux \u793e\u533a\u53d1\u8d77\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u9769\u65b0，\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d6\u4ee3 SysVinit，\u540e\u7eed\u4e5f\u4e0e systemd \u5c55\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5176\u4e2d Upstart\u3001OpenRC\u3001runit\u3001s6 \u56db\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u83b7\u5f97\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u5173\u6ce8，\u540e\u7eed\u4ec5\u7559\u5b58\u4e8e\u5c0f\u4f17\u751f\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

        Upstart<\/h4>\n

        2006 \u5e74，Canonical \u5f00\u53d1 Upstart，\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u578b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u8131\u79bb\u56fa\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c，\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u542c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5e94\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u201c\u786c\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n
        • \u201c\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u7ebf\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1 Nginx \u542f\u52a8<\/li>\n
        • \u201cUSB \u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u5165\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u9a71\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u542f\u52a8\u673a\u5236，\u5c06 Ubuntu 6.10~14.10 \u7684\u5f00\u673a\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347 30%\u201350%\u3002<\/p>\n

          # \/etc\/init\/myservice.conf \u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
          \nstart on filesystem or net-device-up IFACE<\/span>=<\/span>eth0
          \nstop on runlevel [<\/span>06]<\/span>
          \nexec<\/span> \/usr\/bin\/myapp<\/p>\n

          Ubuntu \u5728\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u684c\u9762\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927，\u5c06 Upstart \u63a8\u5411\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002Red Hat\u3001Debian \u793e\u533a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6f5c\u529b，Lennart Poettering \u4e5f\u66fe\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5177\u5907\u521b\u610f\u30022010\u20132013 \u5e74\u5927\u91cf Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90e8\u7f72 Upstart，Google\u3001Facebook \u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u7fa4\u6709\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u843d\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u9879\u76ee\u505c\u6b62\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u56e0\u7d20：<\/p>\n

        • \u529f\u80fd\u8fb9\u754c\u6709\u9650，\u4ec5\u8986\u76d6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406，\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001udev \u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757；systemd \u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u6574\u5408\u5168\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
        • 2014 Debian \u6295\u7968\u786e\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528 systemd（287:146），Debian \u751f\u6001\u8fde\u5e26 Ubuntu \u5207\u6362\u81f3 systemd\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u751f\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94，\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u4f18\u5148\u7f16\u5199 .service \u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u518d\u7ef4\u62a4 Upstart job \u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n

          Upstart 2014 \u5e74\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u8fed\u4ee3，Canonical \u7ec8\u6b62\u9879\u76ee\u7ef4\u62a4，\u4ec5\u5b58\u91cf\u8001\u65e7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

          OpenRC<\/h4>\n

          OpenRC \u57fa\u4e8e SysVinit \u6539\u9020，\u4fdd\u7559 \/etc\/init.d\/ Shell \u811a\u672c\u4f53\u7cfb，\u65b0\u589e\u4f9d\u8d56\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f（respawn）\u80fd\u529b\u3002OpenRC \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a PID 1 \u8fd0\u884c，\u4f9d\u6258 SysVinit \u6216 BusyBox init \u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

          Gentoo \u81ea 2007 \u5e74\u8d77\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 OpenRC，Alpine Linux \u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

          #!\/sbin\/openrc-run<\/span>
          \n# \/etc\/init.d\/nginx OpenRC \u670d\u52a1\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
          \ndepend<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
          \n need net # \u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u7eea<\/span>
          \n use logger # \u53ef\u9009\u4f9d\u8d56\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
          \n ebegin "Starting nginx"<\/span>
          \n start\u2011stop\u2011daemon –start<\/span> –exec<\/span> \/usr\/sbin\/nginx
          \n eend $?<\/span>
          \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

          OpenRC \u9075\u5faa\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fb9\u754c\u7ea6\u675f，\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763，\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001cgroup \u4ea4\u7531\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u5177\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684 systemd \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u90e8\u80fd\u529b，Ubuntu\u3001Fedora\u3001Debian \u7b49\u901a\u7528\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9009\u62e9 systemd\u3002OpenRC \u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4，\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e Gentoo \u4e0e Alpine \u751f\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

          runit<\/h4>\n

          runit \u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u6781\u7b80\u67b6\u6784：<\/p>\n

        • Stage 1：PID 1 \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n
        • Stage 2：\u52a0\u8f7d supervision \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n
        • Stage 3：\u5173\u673a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d44\u6e90\u6e05\u7406<\/li>\n

          \u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u5e94\u72ec\u7acb\u76ee\u5f55，\u5305\u542b run\u3001finish\u3001check \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c，\u65e0\u590d\u6742\u914d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e0e DSL，\u4f9d\u9760 Shell \u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

          Void Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 runit，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u4f53\u79ef\u63a7\u5236\u5728 200 MB \u4ee5\u5185，\u542f\u52a8\u8017\u65f6\u77ed\u3002<\/p>\n

          \/etc\/sv\/my\u2011app\/run
          \n#!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
          \n# runit \u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
          \nexec<\/span> \/usr\/bin\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

          \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u8fc7\u811a\u672c\u5185\u68c0\u6d4b\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

          #!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
          \n# runit \u4f9d\u8d56\u68c0\u6d4b\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
          \nsv check postgresql ||<\/span> exit<\/span> 1<\/span>
          \nexec<\/span> \/usr\/bin\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

          \u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c \/etc\/sv\/my\u2011app\/log\/run<\/p>\n

          #!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
          \nexec<\/span> svlogd -tt<\/span> \/var\/log\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

          runit \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763，\u65e5\u5fd7\u9700\u8981\u642d\u914d svlogd，\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u7531\u811a\u672c\u987a\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236，cgroup \u80fd\u529b\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9002\u914d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237，\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd0\u7ef4\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u66f4\u591a，\u901a\u7528\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u91c7\u7528\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u9650；\u5728 Docker\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u573a\u666f\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

          s6<\/h4>\n

          s6 \u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a runit \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u65b9\u6848，\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u6784\u5efa\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a，\u5177\u5907\u786e\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u6545\u969c\u5904\u7406，s6\u2011rc \u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u51c6\u5219，\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u5b58\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u95e8\u69db\u3002systemd \u7684 [Unit]\u3001[Service]\u3001[Install] \u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6e\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002s6 \u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f，\u5982 Artix Linux \u53ef\u9009 s6 \u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9009\u578b\u8f6c\u5411 systemd \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/h4>\n
        • \u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u5339\u914d：2010\u20132014 Linux \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u684c\u9762\u7aef\u5feb\u901f\u666e\u53ca，\u884c\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u964d\u4f4e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
        • Red Hat \u5546\u4e1a\u652f\u6301：Fedora \u7387\u5148\u9ed8\u8ba4\u642d\u8f7d systemd，RHEL \u8ddf\u8fdb，\u4e91\u5382\u5546 AWS\u3001Azure \u968f\u4e4b\u9002\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n
        • Debian 2014 \u6295\u7968\u51b3\u8bae\u91c7\u7528 systemd，Ubuntu\u3001Linux Mint \u7b49\u884d\u751f\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u8ddf\u968f\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u751f\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94：<\/li>\n
            \n
          • \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e26 .service \u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
          • \u6587\u6863\u3001\u793e\u533a\u95ee\u7b54\u8d44\u6e90\u56f4\u7ed5 systemctl \u79ef\u7d2f<\/li>\n
          • Docker\u3001Kubernetes\u3001Prometheus \u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u539f\u751f\u96c6\u6210 systemd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u975e systemd \u73af\u5883\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5927\u91cf\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42，\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n

            systemd \u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba<\/h4>\n

            systemd \u7684\u96c6\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba，\u8ba8\u8bba\u5185\u5bb9\u6307\u5411\u5176\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6574\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4e0e\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf Unix \u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u8def\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002systemd \u5c06 journald\u3001networkd\u3001udevd\u3001logind \u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6574\u5408，\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u91cf\u8f83\u5927，\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u9879\u53ef\u7528\u80fd\u529b：\u77ac\u65f6 oneshot \u670d\u52a1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u4e0e\u9650\u6d41\u3001\u539f\u751f cgroup v2 \u652f\u6301，SSD \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u79d2\u7ea7\u542f\u52a8\u3002Devuan\u3001Artix \u7b49\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u642d\u8f7d systemd \u7684\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6848，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5404\u65b9\u6848\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n

            runit<\/h5>\n

            \u4e3a antiX 26 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6848，\u793e\u533a\u9002\u914d\u6210\u719f\u3002\u67b6\u6784\u6781\u7b80，\u540e\u53f0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u5c11，\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u4f4e\u3002\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u7b80\u5316\u8c03\u5ea6\u903b\u8f91，\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\u3001\u4f4e\u914d\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u7b80\u6d01，\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u4e8e s6 \u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e dinit \u65b9\u6848，\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

            SysVinit<\/h5>\n

            \u91c7\u7528\u4e32\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u673a\u5236，\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5168\u91cf\u670d\u52a1\u811a\u672c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e \/etc\/init.d \u76ee\u5f55，\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u8ffd\u6eaf，\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u94fe\u8def\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u9002\u914d\u65e0\u9ad8\u901f\u542f\u52a8\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u4fa7\u91cd\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8001\u65e7\u8bbe\u5907\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

            dinit \/ s6\u2011rc \/ s6\u201166<\/h5>\n

            dinit \u547d\u4ee4\u4ea4\u4e92\u903b\u8f91\u9002\u914d systemd \u4f7f\u7528\u4e60\u60ef，\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7279\u6027\u5b8c\u5584，\u4f46\u5bf9\u8001\u65e7\u786c\u4ef6\u65e0\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u589e\u76ca\u3002s6\u2011rc \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u62c6\u5206\u7cbe\u7ec6，\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u63a7，\u4f46\u914d\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219\u590d\u6742，\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002s6\u201166 \u7b80\u5316\u539f\u751f s6 \u914d\u7f6e\u903b\u8f91，\u4ecd\u9ad8\u4e8e runit \u8fd0\u7ef4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u5236\u5f00\u53d1\u573a\u666f，\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u57fa\u7840\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u786c\u4ef6\u9002\u914d\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h4>\n

            \u5185\u5b58 \u2264 512 MB\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8f7b\u5ea6\u529e\u516c\u4e0e\u6302\u673a\u573a\u666f，runit \u9002\u914d\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u597d；\u8d85\u8001\u65e7\u786c\u4ef6\u4e14\u6cbf\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4f53\u7cfb，\u53ef\u91c7\u7528 SysVinit；\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u9ad8\u9636\u5b9a\u5236\u573a\u666f，\u53ef\u9009\u7528 dinit\u3001s6\u2011rc\u3001s6\u201166\u3002<\/p>\n

            Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0e\u6f14\u8fdb\u5386\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

            \u622a\u81f3 2026 \u5e74，\u5168\u7403\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d，\u6709 15 \u4e2a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u672a\u642d\u8f7d systemd，\u5176\u4f59\u8d85 90% \u7684 Linux \u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u91c7\u7528 systemd \u67b6\u6784\u3002Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e3a SysVinit \u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

            SysVinit \u67b6\u6784\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h4>\n

            SysVinit \u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf Unix \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u67b6\u6784，\u903b\u8f91\u4e3a\u8bfb\u53d6 \/etc\/inittab \u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u9002\u914d 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9759\u6001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f，\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u9879\u5c40\u9650：\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u542f\u52a8\u8017\u65f6\u53ef\u8fbe\u6570\u5206\u949f；\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u53f7\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u63a7，\u65e0\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u673a\u5236；\u786c\u4ef6\u70ed\u63d2\u62d4\u9002\u914d\u80fd\u529b\u7f3a\u5931，\u5916\u8bbe\u63a5\u5165\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5f02\u5e38；\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u914d\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u4e91\u52a8\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u573a\u666f\u30022010 \u5e74\u540e，\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u9700\u6c42，\u884c\u4e1a\u5f62\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u8fed\u4ee3\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

            systemd \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\u6210\u5386\u7a0b<\/h4>\n

            systemd \u7531 Lennart Poettering \u4e0e Kay Sievers \u4e8e 2010 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03，2011 \u5e74\u8d77\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9002\u914d：Fedora（2011）\u3001Arch（2012）\u3001RHEL\/SUSE（2014）\u3001Debian\/Ubuntu（2015）\u3002\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u3001Socket \u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u4f9d\u8d56\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u542f\u673a\u5236，\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u8017\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e 70%\u201380%\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，systemd \u9010\u6b65\u6574\u5408\u591a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u67b6\u6784：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • journald：\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • resolved：\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u63a7\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • networkd：\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • logind：\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u63a7\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • udevd：\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • timesyncd：\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
            • homed：\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u8be5\u96c6\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf Unix \u5355\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5355\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u67b6\u6784，\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4e3b\u6d41\u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u90e8\u7f72\u5f62\u6001<\/h4>\n

              \u672a\u91c7\u7528 systemd \u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5747\u91c7\u7528\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

                \n
              • OpenRC：Gentoo\u3001Alpine\u3001Artix \u9ed8\u8ba4\u67b6\u6784，\u57fa\u4e8e Shell \u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f9d\u8d56\u8c03\u5ea6，\u4e0d\u66ff\u6362\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u751f\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u9002\u914d\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u975e systemd \u65b9\u6848，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u955c\u50cf\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
              • runit：Void Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u67b6\u6784，\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u6bb5\u5f0f\u6781\u7b80\u67b6\u6784，\u65e0\u590d\u6742\u914d\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f，\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u505c\u7ba1\u7406，\u4fa7\u91cd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
              • dinit：Chimera Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u67b6\u6784，\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u67b6\u6784，\u5e73\u8861\u6781\u7b80\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6574\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
              • s6：\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u7763\u5957\u4ef6，\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u573a\u666f，\u6781\u5c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                systemd \u751f\u6001\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6210\u56e0<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • \u4f01\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6491：Red Hat \u4e3b\u5bfc systemd \u5f00\u53d1\u8fed\u4ee3，\u4f9d\u6258\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u4f53\u7cfb，\u63a8\u52a8 Fedora\u3001RHEL \u7cfb\u5217\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f18\u5148\u9002\u914d，\u5f15\u9886\u4f01\u4e1a Linux \u751f\u6001\u8fed\u4ee3\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u751f\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94：\u4e3b\u6d41\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9002\u914d\u540e，\u4e0a\u6e38\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b systemd unit \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u5f62\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u9002\u914d\u4f53\u7cfb，\u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u51fa\u73b0\u517c\u5bb9\u9002\u914d\u58c1\u5792\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56：GNOME \u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u539f\u751f\u4f9d\u8d56 logind \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u975e systemd \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9700\u72ec\u7acb\u7ef4\u62a4 elogind \u5206\u652f，\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u7eed\u9002\u914d\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u4e0a\u8ff0\u56e0\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u95ed\u73af\u751f\u6001，\u63a8\u52a8 systemd \u6210\u4e3a Linux \u684c\u9762\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u9002\u914d\u6210\u672c<\/h4>\n

                  2026 \u5e74\u975e systemd \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5c5e\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42\u9002\u914d\u4e3b\u6d41\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001，\u4ea7\u751f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c：<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u9002\u914d：\u901a\u8fc7 elogind \u5206\u652f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u9002\u914d GNOME\u3001KDE Plasma \u684c\u9762\u4f1a\u8bdd\u80fd\u529b，\u9700\u6301\u7eed\u79fb\u690d\u4e0a\u6e38\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u9002\u914d：\u65e9\u671f\u901a\u8fc7 eudev \u5206\u652f\u66ff\u4ee3 systemd \u6574\u5408\u7684 udev \u7ec4\u4ef6，Gentoo \u7b49\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e8e 2022 \u5e74\u505c\u6b62\u7ef4\u62a4 eudev，\u5207\u6362\u81f3 systemd\u2011utils\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \"\u65e0 \u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u7b80\u5316\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u903b\u8f91，\u4f46\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u517c\u5bb9\u9002\u914d\u9700\u6c42，\u6574\u4f53\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u672a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u67b6\u6784\u573a\u666f\u9002\u914d\u8fb9\u754c<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • \u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u573a\u666f：OpenRC \u9002\u914d\u7684 Alpine \u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u955c\u50cf，runit \u9002\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u6781\u81f4\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907，\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u52bf\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u81ea\u4e3b\u53ef\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f：\u65e0\u684c\u9762\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u8fd0\u7ef4\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f7b\u91cf\u5316\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f：systemd \u4f9d\u6258\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u751f\u6001\u517c\u5bb9\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5382\u5546\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u901a\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • \u6280\u672f\u5b66\u4e60\u573a\u666f：\u975e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91，\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u751f\u6001\u6700\u7ec8\u683c\u5c40<\/h4>\n

                      systemd \u5b8c\u6210 Linux \u901a\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u751f\u6001\u666e\u53ca，\u5360\u636e\u8d85 90% \u90e8\u7f72\u4efd\u989d，\u8be5\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8ba8\u8bba\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u62c6\u5206\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f\u5dee\u5f02\u5c55\u5f00，\u65e0\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u4e1a\u5b9a\u8bba\u300215 \u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u975e systemd \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e3a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u9009\u578b\u7ed3\u679c，\u901a\u8fc7\u6301\u7eed\u6295\u5165\u517c\u5bb9\u9002\u914d\u6210\u672c，\u7ef4\u6301\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

                      systemd \u4f53\u91cf\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\u9002\u914d<\/h3>\n

                      \u662f\u5426\u91c7\u7528 systemd，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u3002Linux \u5185\u6838\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0，\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u79fb\u9664 systemd \u5168\u5957\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u684c\u9762\u8fd0\u884c\u9700\u8981\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u7535\u6e90\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u80fd\u529b，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e13\u5c5e\u4e8e systemd\u3002\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531 seatd\u3001elogind \u627f\u62c5；\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u7528 networkmanager\u3001dhcpcd\u3001iwd；\u7535\u6e90\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 acpid；\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u90e8\u7f72\u5404\u7c7b syslog \u5b9e\u73b0；\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u7531 OpenRC\u3001runit\u3001dinit\u3001s6\u2011rc \u7ba1\u7406；\u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 PAM \u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5e94\u6267\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u3002ChromeOS \u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u7ea7\u53d1\u884c\u7248，\u672a\u91c7\u7528 systemd，\u5b8c\u6210\u9762\u5411\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001Buildroot \u5b9a\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6781\u7b80\u811a\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a PID 1，\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u5b8c\u6574\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5957\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9 systemd \u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002GNOME \u5bf9 logind\u3001userdb\u3001systemd \u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56，\u5df2\u7ecf\u79fb\u9664 ConsoleKit \u4e0e elogind \u7684\u9002\u914d\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd0\u884c GNOME \u7684\u975e systemd \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8865\u4e01\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\u3002KDE \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56，\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8e BSD \u5e73\u53f0；\u5176\u884d\u751f\u767b\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5668 PLM \u589e\u52a0 systemd \u7ed1\u5b9a，SDDM \u672c\u4f53\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u5c0f\u4f17\u684c\u9762\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4fdd\u6301\u514b\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5927，\u5355\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d，\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e1a\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u4ea4\u7531 Nomad\u3001Kubernetes\u3001Temporal \u7b49\u4e0a\u5c42\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u627f\u62c5\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u673a\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u3002\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\u5185\u90e8，\u5b8c\u6574 systemd \u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u591a\u6570\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528，runit \u8fd9\u7c7b\u8f7b\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u5951\u5408\u5bb9\u5668\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u4e0d\u540c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

                      # systemd .service \u5355\u5143\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
                      \n[<\/span>Unit]<\/span>
                      \nDescription<\/span>=<\/span>My Network Service
                      \nAfter<\/span>=<\/span>network.target<\/p>\n

                      [<\/span>Service]<\/span>
                      \nExecStartPre<\/span>=<\/span>\/usr\/local\/bin\/setup.sh ;<\/span># \u542f\u52a8\u524d\u7f6e\u51c6\u5907\u811a\u672c<\/span>
                      \nExecStart<\/span>=<\/span>\/usr\/bin\/my\u2011app –config<\/span> \/etc\/my\u2011app.conf ;<\/span># \u4e3b\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
                      \nExecStopPost<\/span>=<\/span>\/usr\/local\/bin\/cleanup.sh ;<\/span># \u505c\u6b62\u540e\u6e05\u7406\u811a\u672c<\/span>
                      \nRestart<\/span>=<\/span>on\u2011failure ;<\/span># \u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u542f\u7b56\u7565<\/span>
                      \n#!\/sbin\/openrc-run<\/span>
                      \n# OpenRC \u670d\u52a1\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>
                      \ndepend<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n need net
                      \n after firewall
                      \n}<\/span>
                      \ndescription<\/span>=<\/span>"\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b"<\/span>
                      \ncommand<\/span>=<\/span>"\/usr\/bin\/my\u2011daemon"<\/span>
                      \ncommand_args<\/span>=<\/span>"–port 8080 –log \/var\/log\/my.log"<\/span>
                      \npidfile<\/span>=<\/span>"\/run\/${RC_SVCNAME}<\/span>.pid"<\/span><\/p>\n

                      start_pre<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n checkpath –directory<\/span> –owner<\/span> myuser:mygroup \/run\/my\u2011daemon
                      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                      stop_post<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n einfo "\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u505c\u6b62，\u6b63\u5728\u6e05\u7406\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6…"<\/span>
                      \n rm<\/span> -f<\/span> \/tmp\/my\u2011daemon.lock
                      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                      runit \u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5b8c\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

                      #!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
                      \n# \/etc\/sv\/my\u2011app\/run runit \u670d\u52a1\u4e3b\u811a\u672c<\/span>
                      \nexec<\/span> \/usr\/bin\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

                      \u4f9d\u8d56\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

                      #!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
                      \nsv check postgresql ||<\/span> exit<\/span> 1<\/span>
                      \nexec<\/span> \/usr\/bin\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

                      \u65e5\u5fd7\u63a5\u6536\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

                      #!\/bin\/sh<\/span>
                      \n# \/etc\/sv\/my\u2011app\/log\/run<\/span>
                      \nexec<\/span> svlogd -tt<\/span> \/var\/log\/my\u2011app<\/p>\n

                      systemd \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7edf\u8ba1\u53e3\u5f84\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u884c\u6570\u7ea6 60 \u4f59\u4e07\u884c；\u5728\u901a\u7528\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90e8\u7f72，journald\u3001logind\u3001udevd\u3001dbus \u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5408\u8ba1\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u5728 100 MB \u4ee5\u5185，\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002Fedora \u5e76\u4e0d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u5168\u90e8 systemd \u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u9009\u88c5\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u5404\u81ea\u5b58\u5728\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u80f6\u6c34\u811a\u672c\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf，\u914d\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f\u7edf\u4e00，\u4e0a\u6e38\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6；\u540c\u65f6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347，\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6d89，\u4f8b\u5982\u4f11\u7720\u903b\u8f91\u540c\u65f6\u7531 systemd \u548c acpid \u63a5\u7ba1\u65f6，\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u53d1\u4e0e\u94a9\u5b50\u6267\u884c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u80fd\u529b\u62c6\u5206\u81f3\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u9879\u76ee，\u5404\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fed\u4ee3\u5468\u671f\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb；\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5b8c\u6210\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9002\u914d\u4e0e\u7c98\u5408，\u7ef4\u62a4\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42，\u6574\u4f53\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u79fb，\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u4f20\u7edf Unix \u201cDo One Thing Well\u201d \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f，\u5728\u591a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u684c\u9762\u3001\u70ed\u63d2\u62d4\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7535\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7c98\u5408\u811a\u672c\u4e32\u8054\u5404\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002systemd \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u5904\u7406\u6574\u5957\u95ee\u9898，\u4ee5\u5185\u90e8\u8026\u5408\u66ff\u6362\u5916\u90e8\u811a\u672c\u8026\u5408\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u5de5\u7a0b\u8def\u7ebf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e1a\u52a1\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u793e\u533a\u5bf9 systemd \u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8986\u76d6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8026\u5408\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7b49\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a，\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 systemd，\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f9d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7ec4\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf，\u4ec5\u6539\u53d8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u629b\u5f00\u5177\u4f53\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8be5\u5957\u4ef6，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f2a\u547d\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n

                      \u4e13\u4e1a\u4e66\u7c4d<\/h4>\n

                      systemd \u4e13\u9879\u4e66\u7c4d<\/h5>\n
                        \n
                      • \u300aLinux Service Management Made Easy with systemd\u300b（Packt, 2022），Donald A. Tevault \u8457\u3002\u8986\u76d6 unit \u914d\u7f6e\u3001cgroups \u7ba1\u7406\u3001journald \u8fd0\u7ef4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9，\u9002\u914d Linux \u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5b66\u4e60\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u300aHow Linux Works: What Every Superuser Should Know\u300b（No Starch Press, \u7b2c 3 \u7248），Brian Ward \u8457\u3002\u89e3\u6790 Linux \u542f\u52a8\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fed\u4ee3\u5386\u7a0b\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7efc\u5408\u4e66\u7c4d<\/h5>\n
                          \n
                        • \u300aUNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook\u300b（\u7b2c 5 \u7248），Evi Nemeth \u7b49\u8457\u3002\u5305\u542b SysVinit \u4e0e systemd \u67b6\u6784\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u300a\u9e1f\u54e5\u7684 Linux \u79c1\u623f\u83dc：\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u4e60\u7bc7\u300b（\u7b2c 4 \u7248）\u3002\u8bb2\u89e3 SysV init \u811a\u672c\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u914d\u7f6e\u3001systemd target \u673a\u5236，\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u5165\u95e8\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u300aLinux Essentials\u300b（Sybex, 2012），Roderick W. Smith \u8457\u3002\u8bb0\u5f55 SysV init \u5411 systemd \u8fc7\u6e21\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u6f14\u8fdb\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n\n\u8d44\u6e90\u540d\u79f0\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                          systemd \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n<https:\/\/systemd.io><\/td>\n\u5305\u542b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u8303\u3001unit \u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fed\u4ee3\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          runit \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/td>\nhttp:\/\/smarden.org\/runit\/<\/td>\n\u67b6\u6784\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u7b54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          s6 \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/skarnet.org\/software\/s6\/<\/td>\ns6\u3001s6\u2011rc\u3001s6\u201166 \u5168\u5957\u6280\u672f\u89c4\u8303<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          dinit \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/davmac.org\/projects\/dinit\/<\/td>\n\u90e8\u7f72\u6307\u5357\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          OpenRC Wiki<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/wiki.gentoo.org\/wiki\/OpenRC<\/td>\nGentoo \u7ef4\u62a4\u7684 OpenRC \u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6bd4 Wiki<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/wiki.gentoo.org\/wiki\/Comparison_of_init_systems<\/td>\n13 \u7c7b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u7ef4\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u77e9\u9635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          Rocky Linux \u5b98\u65b9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6587\u6863<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/docs.rockylinux.org\/zh\/books\/admin_guide\/16\u2011about\u2011sytemd\/<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u6587\u4f53\u7cfb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6559\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          Void Linux runit \u6587\u6863<\/td>\nhttps:\/\/docs.voidlinux.org\/config\/services\/index.html<\/td>\nrunit \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u90e8\u7f72\u5b9e\u8df5\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                          Artix Linux Wiki<\/td>\n<https:\/\/wiki.artixlinux.org><\/td>\n\u591a\u7c7b\u975e systemd \u65b9\u6848\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                          \u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u7ea7\u9605\u8bfb<\/h4>\n

                          \u4f18\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u300aHow Linux Works\u300b\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ae0\u8282\u3001Gentoo \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u72b6\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u732e，\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

                          systemd \u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60<\/h5>\n

                          \u4f18\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u3001\u4e13\u9879\u6280\u672f\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001systemd.io \u5b98\u65b9\u89c4\u8303\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Lennart Poettering \u5b98\u65b9\u535a\u5ba2：https:\/\/0pointer.de\/blog\/，\u6536\u5f55 systemd \u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • freedesktop.org \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：https:\/\/freedesktop.org\/wiki\/Software\/systemd\/，\u9610\u8ff0 systemd \u5b98\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            \u975e systemd \u65b9\u6848\u5b9e\u6218\u5b66\u4e60<\/h5>\n

                            \u4f18\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u591a\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u6bd4\u535a\u6587\u3001\u5404\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u3001Artix Linux \u5b9e\u6218\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n

                            \u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8303\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76<\/h5>\n

                            \u7ed3\u5408 systemd \u5b98\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6587\u6863\u3001s6 \u67b6\u6784\u89c4\u8303\u3001Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u624b\u518c，\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

                            \n

                            Reference<\/h2>\n
                              \n
                            • \n

                              \u5341\u5e74\u4ecd\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11！\u5acc\u5b83\u80cc\u79bb Unix \u54f2\u5b66，\u53c8\u5f97\u7528\u5b83\u641e\u5b9a 90%\u7684 Linux \u673a\u5668_Dinit_\u670d\u52a1_\u7cfb\u7edf https:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/1003282458_411876<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Dinit \u6784\u5efa\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5357 – \u6280\u672f\u6808 https:\/\/jishuzhan.net\/article\/2083345841326014466<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Linux init \u7cfb\u7edf：dinit, openrc, runit, s6 \u7684\u533a\u522b – petercao – \u535a\u5ba2\u56ed https:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/bluestorm\/p\/19473457<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Linux \u4e2d\u7684 systemd \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5462？ – \u77e5\u4e4e https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/652421219<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Linux \u7a76\u7adf\u9700\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 systemd \u8fd9\u4e48\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4e1c\u897f？ – \u77e5\u4e4e https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/664897021<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              One Program Controls How 90% of Linux Machines Boot https:\/\/canartuc.medium.com\/one-program-controls-how-90-of-linux-machines-boot-3f1504fc7f1d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              The Complete Map of Linux Init Systems in 2026: systemd, OpenRC, runit, s6, dinit https:\/\/gnutoday.com\/linux-init-systems-complete-map-2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Boot Process with Systemd in Linux – GeeksforGeeks https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/linux-unix\/boot-process-with-systemd-in-linux\/<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Systemd Targets Boot Modes Linux Explained: Complete Guide 2026 https:\/\/www.linuxteck.com\/systemd-targets-boot-modes-linux-explained\/<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316 – Hello-Embedded-Linux https:\/\/heygoda.github.io\/Hello-Embedded-Linux\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316.html<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \n
                                \n
                              • 15 Systemd-Free Linux Distributions https:\/\/itsfoss.com\/systemd-free-distros\/<\/li>\n
                              • The Best Linux Distributions Without systemd – TheFastCode https:\/\/www.thefastcode.com\/en-usd\/article\/the-best-linux-distributions-without-systemd<\/li>\n
                              • Best Linux Distros Without systemd in 2026 https:\/\/linuxstans.com\/best-linux-distros-without-systemd\/<\/li>\n
                              • No systemd – Resources against systemd and alternatives https:\/\/nosystemd.org\/<\/li>\n
                              • Linux distributions without systemd – Without Systemd https:\/\/without-systemd.org\/wiki\/index_php\/Linux_distributions_without_systemd\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Linux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u8ff0
                                \n\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf（init system）\u662f Linux \u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7531\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 1\u3002\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u627f\u62c5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u3001\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 systemd \u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3001\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5957\u4ef6\u3002\/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd \u662f\u5957\u4ef6\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f&<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12928],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-113617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-init-system"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08init system\uff09 - 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