{"id":113483,"date":"2026-10-06T14:42:37","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113483.html"},"modified":"2026-10-06T14:42:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:42:37","slug":"python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113483.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5143\u7ec4，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u627e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

alist =<\/span> [<\/span>'zhangsan'<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 90<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u60f3\u62ff\u5230 90，\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5728\u4e0b\u6807 2 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u53f7 \u2192 \u5b66\u751f
\n\u59d3\u540d \u2192 \u6210\u7ee9
\n\u8d26\u53f7 \u2192 \u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a key \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ec0\u4e48 value\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u5916，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u6216\u8005\u673a\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u4ee5\u540e，\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u628a\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u4e60：<\/p>\n

\u5b57\u5178
\n\u6587\u4ef6
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199
\n\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801
\nwith<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n

Python \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u5b58\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u952e\u503c\u5bf9，\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n

key \u2192 value<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 key，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 value\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc：<\/p>\n

id \u2192 1
\nname \u2192 zhangsan<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/h2>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> dict<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

key : value<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694，\u4e0d\u540c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5982\u679c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u591a\u884c：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'score'<\/span>:<\/span> 90<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u67e5\u627ekey<\/h2>\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a key \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

'id'<\/span> in<\/span> student<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>'id'<\/span> in<\/span> student)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'score'<\/span> in<\/span> student)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u662f：<\/p>\n

True
\nFalse<\/p>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u901a\u8fc7key\u83b7\u53d6value<\/h2>\n

\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 [] \u6839\u636e key \u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 value\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>student[<\/span>'id'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>student[<\/span>'name'<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

1
\nzhangsan<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 [] \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u548c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f88\u50cf，\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u9762：<\/p>\n

alist[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 2 \u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u9762：<\/p>\n

student[<\/span>'id'<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 'id' \u662f key\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7ed9\u5b57\u5178\u65b0\u589e\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7d20<\/h2>\n

\u5b57\u5178\u65b0\u589e\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 [] \u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c key \u539f\u6765\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728：<\/p>\n

student[<\/span>'score'<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 90<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c key \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728：<\/p>\n

student[<\/span>'score'<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6765\u7684 value\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u2192 \u65b0\u589e
\nkey \u5df2\u5b58\u5728 \u2192 \u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/h2>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pop() \u6309\u7167 key \u5220\u9664：<\/p>\n

student.<\/span>pop(<\/span>'score'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u6574\u4e2a：<\/p>\n

'score' : 90<\/p>\n

\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e03\u3001\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178<\/h2>\n

\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

for<\/span> key in<\/span> student:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>key,<\/span> student[<\/span>key]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a key，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7：<\/p>\n

student[<\/span>key]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u627e\u5230 value\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'id'<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'score'<\/span>:<\/span> 80<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> key in<\/span> student:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>key,<\/span> student[<\/span>key]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u516b\u3001keys()\u3001values()\u3001items()<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 key，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

student.<\/span>keys(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a dict_keys \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709 value：<\/p>\n

student.<\/span>values(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6 key \u548c value：<\/p>\n

student.<\/span>items(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u8bb0：<\/p>\n

keys() \u2192 \u6240\u6709 key
\nvalues() \u2192 \u6240\u6709 value
\nitems() \u2192 \u6240\u6709 key-value<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u5b57\u5178\u7684key？<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684：<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709 Python \u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 key\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b57\u5178\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868，\u6240\u4ee5 key \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

hash<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

hash<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>
\nhash<\/span>(<\/span>3.14<\/span>)<\/span>
\nhash<\/span>(<\/span>'hello'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nhash<\/span>(<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>
\nhash<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u80fd：<\/p>\n

hash<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 key\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 key\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5143\u7ec4：<\/p>\n

\u5143\u7ec4 \u2192 \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 \u2192 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a key
\n\u5217\u8868 \u2192 \u53ef\u53d8 \u2192 \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a key<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7528？<\/h2>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

key \u2192 value<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

student =<\/span> {<\/span>
\n 'name'<\/span>:<\/span> 'zhangsan'<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 'score'<\/span>:<\/span> 90<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7：<\/p>\n

student[<\/span>'name'<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u548c\u5217\u8868\u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u673a\u91cd\u542f\u4e4b\u540e，\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u7b49\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u7535\u8111\u91cc\u7684：<\/p>\n

txt
\nexe
\ndll
\njpg
\ngif
\nmp4
\nppt
\ndocx<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n

\u7535\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u591a，\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

D:\\\\program\\\\qq\\\\Bin\\\\QQ.exe<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc：<\/p>\n

D:<\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u76d8\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u9762\u7684：<\/p>\n

program
\nqq
\nBin<\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

Windows \u4e0b\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u5199：<\/p>\n

\\\\<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

\/<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 \/ \u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

D:\\\\program\\\\qq\\\\Bin\\\\QQ.exe<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u76d8\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55，\u518d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u51fa\u53d1\u5bfb\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u56db\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

Python \u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

open<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a：<\/p>\n

r \u2192 \u8bfb
\nw \u2192 \u5199
\na \u2192 \u8ffd\u52a0\u5199<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6253\u5f00\u6210\u529f，open() \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61，\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u4e4b\u540e，\u7528\u5b8c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5173\u95ed：<\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nf.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5374\u4e0d\u5173\u95ed，\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\u5e76\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136 Python \u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f46\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a，\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73\u65f6\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236，\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u517b\u6210\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u516d\u3001\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

w<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'w'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>write(<\/span>'hello'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a hello \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n

w \u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

open<\/span>(<\/span>'test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'w'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'a'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>write(<\/span>'world'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a，\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u653e\u5230\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

w \u2192 \u8986\u76d6\u5199
\na \u2192 \u8ffd\u52a0\u5199
\nr \u2192 \u8bfb<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5206\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u516b\u3001\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

r<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

result =<\/span> f.<\/span>read(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

read() \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u591a\u884c\u6587\u672c，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> line in<\/span> f:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>line,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u4f1a\u591a\u7a7a\u884c？<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9047\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728：<\/p>\n

\\\\n<\/p>\n

\u800c print() \u9ed8\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u4f1a\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>line)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u591a\u51fa\u7a7a\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210：<\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>line,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53d6\u6d88 print() \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u6362\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u3001readlines()<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n

f.<\/span>readlines(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

lines =<\/span> f.<\/span>readlines(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>lines)<\/span><\/p>\n

f.<\/span>close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e2d\u6587，\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0：<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38
\n\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e，\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709：<\/p>\n

GBK
\nUTF-8<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f，\u8981\u548c Python \u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f UTF-8，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5199：<\/p>\n

f =<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>'utf8'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801？<\/h2>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f：<\/p>\n

UTF-8<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5374\u6309\u7167：<\/p>\n

GBK<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u4e00\u4e32\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u540e，\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u540e\u78b0\u5230：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e2d\u6587
\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u51fa\u9519
\n\u6253\u5f00\u663e\u793a\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u60f3\u5230：<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u3001with\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h2>\n

\u6bcf\u6b21：<\/p>\n

open<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u518d：<\/p>\n

close(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

with<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

with<\/span> open<\/span>(<\/span>'d:\/test.txt'<\/span>,<\/span> 'r'<\/span>,<\/span> encoding=<\/span>'utf8'<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> f:<\/span>
\n lines =<\/span> f.<\/span>readlines(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>lines)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53 with \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e，\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6，\u8fd9\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u7701\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e24\u5927\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u5b57\u5178：<\/p>\n

key
\nvalue
\nkeys()
\nvalues()
\nitems()
\nin
\npop()<\/p>\n

\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f：<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 key \u627e value<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u662f\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

open()
\nread()
\nwrite()
\nreadlines()
\nclose()
\nwith<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u6253\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

r \u2192 \u8bfb
\nw \u2192 \u8986\u76d6\u5199
\na \u2192 \u8ffd\u52a0\u5199<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u628a\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u770b，Python \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb：<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf
\n \u2193
\nif \/ for \/ while
\n \u2193
\n\u51fd\u6570
\n \u2193
\nlist \/ tuple
\n \u2193
\ndict
\n \u2193
\n\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u540e\u9762\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97，\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u903b\u8f91，\u5e76\u628a\u6570\u636e\u771f\u6b63\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5143\u7ec4，\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u627e\u6570\u636e\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u5982：
\nalist [zhangsan, 20, 90]\u60f3\u62ff\u5230 90，\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5728\u4e0b\u6807 2 \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002
\n\u4f8b\u5982：
\n\u5b66\u53f7 \u2192 \u5b66\u751f
\n\u59d3\u540d \u2192 \u6210\u7ee9
\n\u8d26\u53f7 \u2192 \u4fe1\u606f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a key \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ec0\u4e48 value\u201d\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u3002
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