{"id":113410,"date":"2026-10-06T09:40:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T01:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113410.html"},"modified":"2026-10-06T09:40:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T01:40:57","slug":"%e3%80%90%e4%b8%87%e5%ad%97%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e3%80%91%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e6%9c%9f%e6%9c%ab%e8%af%95%e9%a2%98%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90%e4%b8%8e%e6%a0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113410.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u3011\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u671f\u672b\u8bd5\u9898\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9\u7cbe\u8bb2\uff08\u5377\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u3010\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u3011\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u671f\u672b\u8bd5\u9898\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9\u7cbe\u8bb2&#xff08;\u5377\u4e00&#xff09;<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20261006014054-6ac451a6e98eb.jpg\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u8a00 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Operating System, OS&#xff09;\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8bfe\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u8003\u7814&#xff08;\u5982408\u7edf\u8003&#xff09;\u548c\u5927\u5382\u6821\u62db\u7b14\u8bd5\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8003\u91cd\u9547\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u5728\u671f\u672b\u590d\u4e60\u6216\u5907\u8003\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u201c\u5237\u9898-\u5bf9\u7b54\u6848\u201d\u7684\u6d45\u5c42\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9898\u76ee\u80cc\u540e\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u535a\u5ba2\u5c06\u5bf9\u300a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u300b\u671f\u672b\u7ecf\u5178\u8bd5\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u9898\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u5256\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5377\u4e00&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848&#xff0c;\u66f4\u5c06\u6bcf\u9053\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5207\u5165\u70b9&#xff0c;\u6a2a\u5411\u62d3\u5c55\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u7eb5\u5411\u6df1\u6316\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406&#xff0c;\u8865\u5145\u56fe\u89e3\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ca\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u3002\u5168\u6587\u8d85\u4e07\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u6536\u85cf\u3001\u70b9\u8d5e\u5e76\u53cd\u590d\u9605\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u590d\u4e60\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<li>\u5355\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u9898&#xff1a;\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u72d9\u51fb<\/li>\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u9898&#xff1a;\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u706b\u773c\u91d1\u775b<\/li>\n<li>\u586b\u7a7a\u9898&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u7b54\u9898&#xff1a;\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8868\u8fbe<\/li>\n<li>\u7efc\u5408\u9898&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u786c\u6838\u8ba1\u7b97<\/li>\n<li>\u671f\u672b\u590d\u4e60\u4e0e\u5907\u8003\u6307\u5357<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u5355\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u9898&#xff1a;\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u72d9\u51fb<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u662f( )\u3002 A. DOS\u7cfb\u7edf B. UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf C. Windows NT\u7cfb\u7edf D. OS\/2\u7cfb\u7edf \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011B<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u672c\u9898\u8003\u67e5\u7684\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u4f5c\u7b54&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u6670\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5206\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Time-Sharing OS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u6210\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7247&#xff08;Time Slice&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8f6e\u6d41\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u8054\u673a\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u591a\u8def\u6027\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\u3002UNIX\u662f\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u548c\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4ee3\u8868&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u767b\u5f55\u5e76\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DOS\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Disk Operating System&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982MS-DOS&#xff0c;\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5206\u65f6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Windows NT\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;\u867d\u7136\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5176\u5185\u6838\u67b6\u6784&#xff08;\u6df7\u5408\u5185\u6838\/\u5fae\u5185\u6838\u6f14\u8fdb&#xff09;\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684UNIX\u7eaf\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565&#xff08;\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff09;\u4e0a\u6709\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>OS\/2\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;IBM\u548c\u5fae\u8f6f\u65e9\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684PC\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u3011<\/h5>\n<li>\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;\u65e0\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027&#xff0c;\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387&#xff08;\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u6c42\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u5982UNIX&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u622a\u6b62\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027&#xff0c;\u5206\u4e3a\u786c\u5b9e\u65f6\u548c\u8f6f\u5b9e\u65f6&#xff08;\u5982VxWorks\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684OS&#xff08;\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u7684Windows 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11&#xff09;\u662f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u4e92\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u7684\u201c\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u8bd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u201c\u5206\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u7279\u6307UNIX\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f( )\u3002 A. \u52a8\u6001\u6027\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u6027 B. \u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027 C. \u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027 D. \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011A<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u672c\u9898\u8003\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff08;Process&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;Program&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9759\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u5927\u7279\u5f81&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u6027&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u6027&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6709\u7740\u201c\u521b\u5efa\u2192\u5c31\u7eea\u2192\u8fd0\u884c\u2192\u963b\u585e\u2192\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u5c31\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1\u6027&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u540c\u65f6\u63a8\u8fdb&#xff08;\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\u4ea4\u66ff&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f02\u6b65\u6027&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6309\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u6784\u6027&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u548cPCB&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757&#xff09;\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u9009\u9879B&#xff08;\u987a\u5e8f\u6027&#xff09;\u3001D&#xff08;\u5c01\u95ed\u6027&#xff09;\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5355\u9053\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5f15\u5165\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5c01\u95ed\u6027&#xff08;\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd&#xff09;\u548c\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027&#xff08;\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u5e76\u53d1 vs \u5e76\u884c\u3011<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1&#xff08;Concurrency&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u5355\u6838CPU\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u7684&#xff08;\u4ea4\u66ff\u5360\u7528CPU&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u884c&#xff08;Parallelism&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u591a\u6838CPU\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540d\u8a00\u8b66\u53e5&#xff1a;\u201c\u5e76\u53d1\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5e76\u884c\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u7269\u7406\u6267\u884c\u3002\u201d&#xff08;Rob Pike&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. \u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e0ePV\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u548cP\u3001V\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;( )\u3002 A. \u53ea\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e92\u65a5 B. \u53ea\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u540c\u6b65 C. \u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u548c\u540c\u6b65 D. \u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011C<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf&#xff08;Semaphore&#xff09;\u673a\u5236\u7531Dijkstra\u63d0\u51fa&#xff0c;\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u4e92\u65a5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5&#xff08;Mutual Exclusion&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e89\u593a\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e92\u65a5\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf mutex&#xff0c;\u521d\u503c\u4e3a 1\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u524d\u6267\u884c P(mutex)&#xff0c;\u79bb\u5f00\u540e\u6267\u884c V(mutex)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6b65&#xff08;Synchronization&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u534f\u4f5c\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c&#xff08;\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u751f\u4ea7&#xff0c;\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u6d88\u8d39&#xff09;\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540c\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf empty \u548c full&#xff0c;\u521d\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 0\u3002\u524d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6267\u884c V(S)&#xff0c;\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u6267\u884c P(S)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u8bb0\u5f55\u578b\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e0e\u6574\u578b\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6574\u578b\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5fd9\u7b49\u201d&#xff08;Busy Waiting&#xff09;\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5373\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 P \u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u6d4b\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u6d6a\u8d39CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3OS\u91c7\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u578b\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf&#xff0c;\u9664\u4e86\u6574\u578b\u503c value&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u94fe\u8868 list&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">typedef<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> value<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">process_control_block<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>list<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> semaphore<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ P\u64cd\u4f5c (wait)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">wait<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>semaphore <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>S<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>value<span class=\"token operator\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>value <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">block<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>list<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u963b\u585e\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u52a0\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ V\u64cd\u4f5c (signal)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">signal<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>semaphore <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>S<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>value<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>value <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">wakeup<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>S<span class=\"token operator\">-&gt;<\/span>list<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4ece\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;S-&gt;value \u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8868\u793a\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u963b\u585e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u9009\u9879D\u201c\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u5e72\u6270\u9879\u3002PV\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u800c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff08;\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c31\u7eea\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0aCPU&#xff09;\u662f\u7531\u8c03\u5ea6\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;Scheduler&#xff09; \u6839\u636e\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982RR\u3001SJF&#xff09;\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136PV\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u548c\u5524\u9192&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. \u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e( )\u3002 A. \u9009\u62e9\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f B. \u7528\u6237\u4f5c\u4e1a\u51c6\u5907\u5145\u5206 C. \u9009\u62e9\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5 D. \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011C<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff08;\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff09;\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff08;\u4f4e\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5916\u5b58\u540e\u5907\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5165\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf&#xff08;\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6570&#xff09;\u3001\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4ece\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4&#xff09;\u3001\u5e26\u6743\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u7ecf\u5178\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3011<\/h5>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7b97\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4f18\u70b9\u7f3a\u70b9\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">FCFS (\u5148\u6765\u5148\u670d\u52a1)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6309\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u95f4\u5148\u540e\u8c03\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5bf9\u77ed\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5229&#xff0c;\u5e73\u5747\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u65e0\u660e\u663e\u504f\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">SJF (\u77ed\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f18\u5148)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4f18\u5148\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5e73\u5747\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u77ed<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u957f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u201c\u9965\u997f\u201d&#xff0c;\u9700\u9884\u77e5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">HRRN (\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u4f18\u5148)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4 &#061; (\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4&#043;\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4)\/\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u517c\u987e\u957f\u77ed\u4f5c\u4e1a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9965\u997f<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u5ea6\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u201c\u5669\u68a6\u201d&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u6296\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6296\u52a8\u662f\u6307( )\u3002 A. \u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c4f\u5e55\u95ea\u70c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61 B. \u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5f53&#xff0c;\u5076\u7136\u9020\u6210\u4e3b\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61 C. \u7cfb\u7edf\u76d8\u6709\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u81f4\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61 D. \u88ab\u8c03\u51fa\u7684\u9875\u9762\u53c8\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u8c03\u5165\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u5165\u8c03\u51fa\u73b0\u8c61 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011D<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u6296\u52a8&#xff08;Thrashing&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u79f0\u98a0\u7c38&#xff09; \u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u9875\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u75c5\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u3002 \u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fc7\u591a&#xff0c;\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\u6570\u5c11\u4e8e\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6&#xff08;Working Set&#xff09; \u5927\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8868\u73b0&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6362\u5165\u6362\u51fa&#xff08;\u78c1\u76d8I\/O&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u6781\u5c11\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684CPU\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8dcc&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565&#xff1a;\u5f15\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u5316&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6302\u8d77&#xff08;Suspend&#xff09; \u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u964d\u4f4e\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u201c\u6296\u52a8\u201d\u548c\u201cBelady\u5f02\u5e38\u201d\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6296\u52a8\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u5d29\u6e83&#xff08;\u9891\u7e41\u6362\u9875&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Belady\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4f7f\u7528FIFO\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\u6570\u589e\u52a0&#xff0c;\u7f3a\u9875\u7387\u53cd\u800c\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53cd\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>6. \u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u5728\u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ece\u9875\u53f7\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u662f\u901a\u8fc7( )\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002 A. \u6bb5\u8868 B. \u9875\u8868 C. PCB D. JCB \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011B<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u9875&#xff08;Page&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\/\u9875\u6846&#xff08;Page Frame&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9875\u8868&#xff08;Page Table&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7b2c i \u9879\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u9875\u53f7 i \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7 b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\n<li>\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740 &#061; \u9875\u53f7 P &#043; \u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u91cf W\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u627e\u5230\u9875\u53f7 P \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7 b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740 &#061; \u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7 b \u00d7 \u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f &#043; \u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u91cf W\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;PCB\u4e0eJCB\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3011<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>PCB (Process Control Block&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757)&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>JCB (Job Control Block&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u5757)&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7b49&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bb5\u8868&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bb5\u53f7\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6bb5\u957f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>7. \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u5728\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6(\u6216\u76ee\u5f55)\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u662f&#xff08;&#xff09; A. \u5355\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 B. \u4e8c\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55 C. \u7eaf\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55 D. \u975e\u5faa\u73af\u56fe\u76ee\u5f55 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011D<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u540d\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u5355\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u540d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;MFD&#xff09;\u548c\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;UFD&#xff09;\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u540d\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4f46\u7528\u6237\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1a;\u73b0\u4ee3OS\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;\u5982Windows\/Linux&#xff09;\u3002\u5c42\u6b21\u6e05\u6670&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab&#xff08;\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u5faa\u73af\u56fe\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;Acyclic Graph Directory&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5728\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9&#xff08;\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6216\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\/\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>\u3010\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u201c\u975e\u5faa\u73af\u201d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af&#xff08;\u5982\u76ee\u5f55A\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55B&#xff0c;\u76ee\u5f55B\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55A&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u904d\u5386&#xff08;\u5982 rm -rf \u6216 find&#xff09;\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;\u5982ext4, NTFS&#xff09;\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4eab\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536&#xff09;\u4e25\u683c\u9632\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>8. SPOOLing\u6280\u672f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\u9b54\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 SPOOLing\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684()\u5206\u914d\u3002 A. \u72ec\u5360 B. \u5171\u4eab C. \u865a\u62df D. \u7269\u7406 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011C<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>SPOOLing&#xff08;Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line&#xff0c;\u5047\u8131\u673a\u6280\u672f&#xff09; \u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u201c\u865a\u62df\u6280\u672f\u201d\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u75db\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6253\u5370\u673a\u662f\u72ec\u5360\u8bbe\u5907&#xff0c;\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u5728\u6253\u5370&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0bB\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u548c\u6253\u5370\u673a\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848&#xff1a;\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df&#xff1a;\u8f93\u5165\u4e95\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e95\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u8bf7\u6c42\u6253\u5370\u65f6&#xff0c;OS\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u628a\u6253\u5370\u673a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b83&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e95\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u201c\u6253\u5370\u5b8c\u6210\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u53f0\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ece\u8f93\u51fa\u4e95\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u771f\u6b63\u9a71\u52a8\u6253\u5370\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u5229\u7528\u78c1\u76d8&#xff08;\u5171\u4eab\u8bbe\u5907&#xff09;\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u591a\u53f0\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6253\u5370\u673a&#xff0c;\u5c06\u72ec\u5360\u8bbe\u5907\u6539\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u4eab\u8bbe\u5907&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u800c\u8a00&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>9. \u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u907f\u514d&#xff1a;\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f()\u3002 A. \u5148\u4eba\u5148\u51fa\u7b97\u6cd5 B. \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5 C. \u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5 D. \u8d44\u6e90\u6309\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u6cd5 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011C<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u5904\u7406\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u9884\u9632&#xff08;Prevention&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u9759\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7834\u574f\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff1a;\u8d44\u6e90\u6309\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u6cd5&#xff08;\u7834\u574f\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u6761\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7533\u8bf7\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u7834\u574f\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u6761\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d&#xff08;Avoidance&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u524d&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;Banker\u2019s Algorithm&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u89e3\u9664&#xff08;Detection &amp; Recovery&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u6b7b\u9501\u53d1\u751f&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u56fe\u5316\u7b80&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0\u6b7b\u9501\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5265\u593a\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u89e3\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u5ffd\u7565&#xff08;Ostrich Algorithm&#xff0c;\u9e35\u9e1f\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5047\u88c5\u6ca1\u770b\u89c1\u3002\u50cfLinux\u548cWindows\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b7b\u9501\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u9884\u9632\u6210\u672c\u592a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u91cd\u542f\u5373\u53ef&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>\u3010\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u9898\u76ee\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u201c\u907f\u514d\u201d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u9009C&#xff08;\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u201c\u9884\u9632\u201d&#xff0c;\u5219\u9009D&#xff08;\u8d44\u6e90\u6309\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u6cd5&#xff09;\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u73a9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>10. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u4e0b\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u662f()\u3002 A. \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u53ef\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b B. \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ea\u53ef\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b C. \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u62e5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b D. \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u62e5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011C<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff1a;CPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff08;\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u800c\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u5806\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982\u6808\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757TCB&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u3010\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b vs \u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3011<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff08;ULT&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u5185\u6838\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5207\u6362\u5feb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff08;KLT&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7531OS\u5185\u6838\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5207\u6362\u9700\u8981\u9677\u5165\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u3002 \u73b0\u4ee3OS&#xff08;\u5982Linux\u7684NPTL&#xff0c;Windows&#xff09;\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u75281:1\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u9898&#xff1a;\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u706b\u773c\u91d1\u775b<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u800c&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002&#xff08; \u00d7 &#xff09; \u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6613\u9519\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6765\u53cd\u9a73\u201c\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u201d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a&#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u4f60\u5728\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u4e863\u4e2aWord\u6587\u6863&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u6253\u5f00\u4e865\u4e2aChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a97\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a WINWORD.EXE \u6216 chrome.exe \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u9759\u6001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684PCB\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u548c\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00&#xff08;\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u573a\u666f&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u5668&#xff08;ld&#xff09;\u6216\u6c47\u7f16\u5668&#xff08;as&#xff09;\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. V\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u9677\u9631<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 V\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u52a01\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u610f\u5473\u7740\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u52a01\u540e\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6&#xff0c;\u5219\u4ece\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u800c\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u3002&#xff08; \u00d7 &#xff09; \u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u88ab\u5524\u9192\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u963b\u585e\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u57cb\u4e86\u96f7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u62c6\u89e3 V(S) \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u903b\u8f91&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>S.value&#043;&#043; &#xff08;\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>if (S.value &lt;&#061; 0)&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u52a01\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;S.value \u662f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u963b\u585e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6392\u961f\u7b49&#xff0c;\u73b0\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u53eb\u9192\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5524\u9192\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u4ece\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217 S.list \u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;\u88ab\u53d6\u51fa\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece \u963b\u585e\u6001&#xff08;Blocked\/Waiting&#xff09; \u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a \u5c31\u7eea\u6001&#xff08;Ready&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5c31\u7eea\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85CPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u6267\u884cV\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ba9\u51faCPU&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u662f\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e14\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u907f\u5751&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019&#xff0c;\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5c31\u7eea\u6001&#xff0c;\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u6001&#xff08;\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u963b\u585e\u6001&#xff08;\u90a3\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. \u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684 hybrid \u67b6\u6784<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u9875\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6bb5\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u957f\u5904&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u9875\u5f0f\u548c\u6bb5\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3&#xff0c;\u5373\u7528\u5206\u6bb5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u914d\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u7528\u5206\u9875\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002&#xff08; \u221a &#xff09; \u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u63cf\u8ff0\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u660e\u767d\u6bb5\u5f0f\u548c\u9875\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5206\u9875&#xff08;Paging&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6781\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u788e\u7247&#xff1b;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u9875\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5355\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u6bb5&#xff08;Segmentation&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9&#xff1a;\u6bb5\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u4f4d&#xff08;\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7b26\u5408\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef&#xff0c;\u6781\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f&#xff08;Segmented Paging&#xff09;\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e4b\u9053&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u89d2&#xff08;\u903b\u8f91\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6309\u6bb5\u5212\u5206\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7b49&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff09;\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7269\u7406\u89c6\u89d2&#xff08;\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201c\u6bb5\u201d\u5185\u90e8\u518d\u6309\u9875\u5212\u5206\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e5f\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u9875\u6846\u3002\u8fd9\u6837&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e&#xff0c;\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u6bb5\u53f7 &#043; \u6bb5\u5185\u9875\u53f7 &#043; \u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;\u67e5\u6bb5\u8868\u5f97\u5230\u9875\u8868\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>        \\\\rightarrow<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.3669em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u67e5\u9875\u8868\u5f97\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>        \\\\rightarrow<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.3669em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u62fc\u63a5\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. \u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u540d<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u5728\u91c7\u7528\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5404\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002&#xff08; \u00d7 &#xff09; \u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u53ea\u8981\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u5373\u53ef&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ef\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u540d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u5355\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5f20\u4e09\u548c\u674e\u56db\u90fd\u60f3\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a report.txt \u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6811\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f20\u4e09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728 \/home\/zhangsan\/report.txt<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u56db\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728 \/home\/lisi\/report.txt<\/li>\n<li>\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u540d&#xff1a;\/projectA\/data.csv \u548c \/projectB\/data.csv\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u552f\u4e00\u9650\u5236&#xff1a;\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b (\u6587\u4ef6\u540d, _inode) \u6620\u5c04\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8868\u6216B&#043;\u6811&#xff0c;\u540c\u540d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u627e\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. \u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u5173\u6027&#xff08;Device Independence&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u5173&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u5173\u6027\u3002&#xff08; \u221a &#xff09; \u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u63cf\u8ff0\u6b63\u786e&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u79f0\u8bbe\u5907\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u5173\u6027\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42I\/O\u670d\u52a1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u5907\u540d&#xff08;\u5982 \/dev\/printer \u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa stdout&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u540d&#xff08;\u5982 HP_LaserJet_1020_USB_Port1&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u5907\u8868&#xff08;LUT&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5de8\u5927\u4f18\u52bf&#xff1a;\n<li>\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7e41\u5fd9\u7a0b\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u52a8\u6001\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u53f0\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>I\/O\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#xff08;Redirection&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9700\u4fee\u6539LUT&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4ece\u5c4f\u5e55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Linux\u4e2d\u7684 ls &gt; output.txt\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u586b\u7a7a\u9898&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u901a\u5e38&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u7531PCB(\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757)\u3001____\u3001____\u8fd9\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d ____ \u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7\u3002 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 \u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6bb5&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u96c6\u5408&#xff09;&#xff1b;PCB<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6bb5&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>PCB&#xff08;Process Control Block&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u8d26\u672c\u201d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff08;PID&#xff09;\u3001\u5904\u7406\u673a\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&#xff09;\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3001\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8868&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48PCB\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u5fd7&#xff1f; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5916\u5b58&#xff0c;\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801&#xff08;\u5982\u5171\u4eab\u5e93&#xff09;\u3002\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;OS\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684PCB\u3002OS\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u5efaPCB&#xff0c;\u64a4\u9500\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u6536PCB\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5904\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u7f16\u8f91\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;____&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;____\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 \u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1b;\u88c5\u5165\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u4ee5C\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7f16\u8f91&#xff08;Edit&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7f16\u5199 .c \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1&#xff08;Compile&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668&#xff08;\u5982GCC&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790&#xff0c;\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00&#xff0c;\u518d\u6c47\u7f16\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;.o \/ .obj&#xff09;\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5730\u5740\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;Link&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u94fe\u63a5\u5668&#xff08;Linker&#xff09;\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff08;\u5982 printf&#xff09;\u5408\u5e76&#xff0c;\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u88c5\u5165\u6a21\u5757&#xff08;.exe \/ ELF&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u88c5\u5165&#xff08;Load&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u88c5\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;Loader&#xff09;\u5c06\u88c5\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5165\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff08;\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c&#xff08;Execute&#xff09;&#xff1a;CPU\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53d6\u6307\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. UNIX\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u54f2\u5b66<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u5728UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001____\u3002 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 \u7279\u522b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>UNIX\/Linux\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u201d&#xff08;Everything is a file&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u6587\u672c\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548cinode\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u522b\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Special File&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Block Device&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982\u786c\u76d8 \/dev\/sda&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u5757\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Character Device&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5982\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u4e32\u53e3 \/dev\/tty&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6269\u5c55&#xff1a;\u8fd8\u6709\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;FIFO&#xff09;\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6&#xff08;Socket&#xff09;\u7b49\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;IPC&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. \u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u77f3<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 ____ \u6280\u672f\u628a\u72ec\u5360\u8bbe\u5907\u53d8\u6210\u80fd\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 \u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 SPOOLing<\/p>\n<h5>\u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u524d\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u5df2\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4fSPOOLing\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u4e95\/\u8f93\u51fa\u4e95&#xff1a;\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u533a&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u51b2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9884\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7f13\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u540e\u53f0\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u642c\u8fd0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e95\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff1a;\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u4e95\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. 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\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u5373\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u6b7b\u9501&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u7834\u574f\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u9884\u9632\u6b7b\u9501&#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u4e92\u65a5\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u7834\u574f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u4e92\u65a5\u7684&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u7834\u574f\u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u201d&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7533\u8bf7\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5206\u914d&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u5176\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6781\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u9965\u997f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7834\u574f\u201c\u4e0d\u5265\u593a\u201d&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528\u5265\u593a\u5f0f\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u91ca\u653e\u5df2\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f3a\u884c\u5265\u593a\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7834\u574f\u201c\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85\u201d&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u6cd5\u3002\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u5e8f\u53f7\u9012\u589e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u73af\u5f62\u7b49\u5f85\u94fe&#xff0c;\u4f46\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u9898&#xff1a;\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u786c\u6838\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<p>\u3010\u539f\u9898\u3011 \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u9875\u8868\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58&#xff1a; &#xff08;1&#xff09;\u5982\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u8981200ns&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 &#xff08;2&#xff09;\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 &#xff08;3&#xff09;\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5165\u8054\u60f3\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&#xff0c;90%\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5feb\u8868\u4e2d\u547d\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1f;&#xff08;\u5047\u8bbe\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u5feb\u8868\u9700\u898110ns&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>\u3010\u7b2c\u4e00\u95ee&#xff1a;\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3011<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 400ns \u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u5728\u672a\u5f15\u5165\u5feb\u8868&#xff08;TLB&#xff09;\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u9875\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;CPU\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u9875\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5e76\u62fc\u63a5\u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u5f62\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u8bbf\u95ee\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143&#xff0c;\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f&#xff1a; <span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>           T<\/p>\n<p>            a<\/p>\n<p>            c<\/p>\n<p>            c<\/p>\n<p>            e<\/p>\n<p>            s<\/p>\n<p>            s<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           T<\/p>\n<p>            m<\/p>\n<p>            e<\/p>\n<p>            m<\/p>\n<p>            o<\/p>\n<p>            r<\/p>\n<p>            y<\/p>\n<p>          \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>          2<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>          200<\/p>\n<p>          ns<\/p>\n<p>          \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>          2<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>          400<\/p>\n<p>          ns<\/p>\n<p>         T_{access} &#061; T_{memory} \\\\times 2 &#061; 200\\\\text{ns} \\\\times 2 &#061; 400\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>      <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ccess<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9694em;vertical-align: -0.2861em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">or<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2861em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">400<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<p>\u8003\u70b9\u63d0\u793a&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8003\u70b9&#xff0c;\u52a1\u5fc5\u7262\u8bb0\u201c\u67e5\u9875\u8868\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u3010\u7b2c\u4e8c\u95ee&#xff1a;\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u60e9\u7f5a\u3011<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 800ns \u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u968f\u7740\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u5927&#xff08;\u598264\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5355\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u73b0\u4ee3OS\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff08;\u5982x86\u76844\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u5c06\u9875\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u9875&#xff0c;\u5f62\u6210\u9875\u76ee\u5f55\u8868\u3001\u9875\u8868\u7b49\u591a\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbf\u5b58\u6b21\u6570&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u4e8e <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>         N<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u627e\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u9010\u7ea7\u67e5\u8868&#xff0c;\u5373\u9700\u8981 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         N<\/p>\n<p>        N<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58\u6765\u67e5\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         1<\/p>\n<p>        1<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         N<\/p>\n<p>         &#043;<\/p>\n<p>         1<\/p>\n<p>        N&#043;1<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u9898\u8ba1\u7b97&#xff1a;\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981 <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>         3<\/p>\n<p>         &#043;<\/p>\n<p>         1<\/p>\n<p>         &#061;<\/p>\n<p>         4<\/p>\n<p>        3 &#043; 1 &#061; 4<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>           T<\/p>\n<p>            a<\/p>\n<p>            c<\/p>\n<p>            c<\/p>\n<p>            e<\/p>\n<p>            s<\/p>\n<p>            s<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           T<\/p>\n<p>            m<\/p>\n<p>            e<\/p>\n<p>            m<\/p>\n<p>            o<\/p>\n<p>            r<\/p>\n<p>            y<\/p>\n<p>          \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>          (<\/p>\n<p>          3<\/p>\n<p>          &#043;<\/p>\n<p>          1<\/p>\n<p>          )<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>          200<\/p>\n<p>          ns<\/p>\n<p>          \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>          4<\/p>\n<p>          &#061;<\/p>\n<p>          800<\/p>\n<p>          ns<\/p>\n<p>         T_{access} &#061; T_{memory} \\\\times (3 &#043; 1) &#061; 200\\\\text{ns} \\\\times 4 &#061; 800\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>      <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ccess<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9694em;vertical-align: -0.2861em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">or<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2861em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">4<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">800<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u601d\u8003&#xff1a;\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u867d\u7136\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u9875\u8868\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4f46\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bbf\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u62ef\u6551\u6027\u80fd&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u95ee\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u8868\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u3010\u7b2c\u4e09\u95ee&#xff1a;TLB&#xff08;\u5feb\u8868&#xff09;\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u62ef\u6551\u3011<\/h4>\n<p>\u3010\u7b54\u6848\u3011 230ns \u3010\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3011 \u8054\u60f3\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668&#xff08;Associative Memory&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5728OS\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662fTLB&#xff08;Translation Lookaside Buffer&#xff0c;\u8f6c\u6362\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\/\u5feb\u8868&#xff09;\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TLB\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0e\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u5b58\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>TLB\u547d\u4e2d&#xff08;Hit&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>CPU\u5c06\u9875\u53f7\u9001\u5165TLB&#xff0c;\u7531\u4e8eTLB\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u5e76\u884c\u67e5\u627e&#xff08;\u76f8\u8054\u5b58\u50a8\u5668&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6781\u5feb\u627e\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5757\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u62fc\u63a5\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u8bbf\u95ee1\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u53d6\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;\u5173\u4e8eTLB\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u8ba1\u5165&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u6750\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u672c\u9898\u660e\u786e\u201c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u5feb\u8868\u9700\u898110ns\u201d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>            T<\/p>\n<p>             h<\/p>\n<p>             i<\/p>\n<p>             t<\/p>\n<p>           &#061;<\/p>\n<p>            T<\/p>\n<p>             T<\/p>\n<p>             L<\/p>\n<p>             B<\/p>\n<p>           &#043;<\/p>\n<p>            T<\/p>\n<p>             m<\/p>\n<p>             e<\/p>\n<p>             m<\/p>\n<p>             o<\/p>\n<p>             r<\/p>\n<p>             y<\/p>\n<p>           &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           10<\/p>\n<p>           ns<\/p>\n<p>           &#043;<\/p>\n<p>           200<\/p>\n<p>           ns<\/p>\n<p>           &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           210<\/p>\n<p>           ns<\/p>\n<p>          T_{hit} &#061; T_{TLB} &#043; T_{memory} &#061; 10\\\\text{ns} &#043; 200\\\\text{ns} &#061; 210\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>       <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3361em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">hi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9694em;vertical-align: -0.2861em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">or<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">y<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2861em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">10<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">210<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>TLB\u672a\u547d\u4e2d&#xff08;Miss&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>CPU\u5728TLB\u4e2d\u6ca1\u627e\u5230&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u67e5\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9898\u76ee\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u542b\u7684\u9677\u9631\/\u7b80\u5316&#xff1a;\u901a\u5e38\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff08;3\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff09;&#043; \u53d6\u6570\u636e&#xff08;1\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff09;&#061; 4\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u6750\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97TLB\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u56de\u9000\u5230\u5355\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u6a21\u578b&#xff08;\u5373\u67e51\u6b21\u9875\u8868&#043;1\u6b21\u53d6\u6570\u636e&#061;2\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005\u9898\u76ee\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u9875\u8868\u201d\u6307\u4ee3\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\u53cd\u63a8&#xff1a;\u7b54\u6848\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f230ns\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>\u516c\u5f0f&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>             0.9<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>             210<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             0.1<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>              T<\/p>\n<p>               m<\/p>\n<p>               i<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             230<\/p>\n<p>            0.9 \\\\times 210 &#043; 0.1 \\\\times T_{miss} &#061; 230<\/p>\n<p>         <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.9<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">210<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">mi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ss<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">230<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>             189<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             0.1<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>              T<\/p>\n<p>               m<\/p>\n<p>               i<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             230<\/p>\n<p>             \u21d2<\/p>\n<p>             0.1<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>              T<\/p>\n<p>               m<\/p>\n<p>               i<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             41<\/p>\n<p>             \u21d2<\/p>\n<p>              T<\/p>\n<p>               m<\/p>\n<p>               i<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>               s<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             410<\/p>\n<p>             ns<\/p>\n<p>            189 &#043; 0.1 \\\\times T_{miss} &#061; 230 \\\\Rightarrow 0.1 \\\\times T_{miss} &#061; 41 \\\\Rightarrow T_{miss} &#061; 410\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>         <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">189<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">mi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ss<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">230<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u21d2<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">mi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ss<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">41<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u21d2<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">mi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ss<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">410<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u6790410ns\u7684\u6784\u6210&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>           410<\/p>\n<p>           ns<\/p>\n<p>           &#061;<\/p>\n<p>           10<\/p>\n<p>           ns\u00a0(TLB\u67e5\u627e)<\/p>\n<p>           &#043;<\/p>\n<p>           200<\/p>\n<p>           ns\u00a0(\u67e5\u5355\u7ea7\u9875\u8868)<\/p>\n<p>           &#043;<\/p>\n<p>           200<\/p>\n<p>           ns\u00a0(\u53d6\u6570\u636e)<\/p>\n<p>          410\\\\text{ns} &#061; 10\\\\text{ns (TLB\u67e5\u627e)} &#043; 200\\\\text{ns (\u67e5\u5355\u7ea7\u9875\u8868)} &#043; 200\\\\text{ns (\u53d6\u6570\u636e)}<\/p>\n<p>       <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">410<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">10<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns\u00a0(TLB<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u67e5\u627e<\/span><span class=\"mord\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns\u00a0(<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u67e5\u5355\u7ea7\u9875\u8868<\/span><span class=\"mord\">)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns\u00a0(<\/span><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/span><span class=\"mord\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff1a;\u672c\u9898\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u60e9\u7f5a&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5176\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u67e5\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u9875\u8868\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684OS\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e66\u5199&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u5feb\u8868\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>              t<\/p>\n<p>              1<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             10<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             200<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             210<\/p>\n<p>             ns<\/p>\n<p>            t_1 &#061; 10 &#043; 200 &#061; 210\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>         <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7651em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3011em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">10<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">210<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u5feb\u8868\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>              t<\/p>\n<p>              2<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             10<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             200<\/p>\n<p>             (<\/p>\n<p>             \u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u8868<\/p>\n<p>             )<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             200<\/p>\n<p>             (<\/p>\n<p>             \u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n<p>             )<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             410<\/p>\n<p>             ns<\/p>\n<p>            t_2 &#061; 10 &#043; 200 (\\\\text{\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u8868}) &#043; 200 (\\\\text{\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807}) &#061; 410\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>         <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7651em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3011em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">10<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u8868<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">200<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">410<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u5e73\u5747\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4&#xff1a;<span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>             T<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             0.9<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>             210<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             0.1<\/p>\n<p>             \u00d7<\/p>\n<p>             410<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             189<\/p>\n<p>             &#043;<\/p>\n<p>             41<\/p>\n<p>             &#061;<\/p>\n<p>             230<\/p>\n<p>             ns<\/p>\n<p>            T &#061; 0.9 \\\\times 210 &#043; 0.1 \\\\times 410 &#061; 189 &#043; 41 &#061; 230\\\\text{ns}<\/p>\n<p>         <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.9<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">210<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">410<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">189<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">41<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6444em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">230<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">ns<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<h5>\u3010\u907f\u5751\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\u3011<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8003\u7814&#xff08;408&#xff09;\u6216\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u9898\u76ee\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u662f\u201c\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u201d\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86TLB&#xff0c;\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u5b58\u6b21\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7ea7\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e25\u8c28\u7248\u516c\u5f0f&#xff08;\u5047\u8bbe\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868&#xff09;&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>            T<\/p>\n<p>             h<\/p>\n<p>             i<\/p>\n<p>             t<\/p>\n<p>           &#061;<\/p>\n<p>            T<\/p>\n<p>             T<\/p>\n<p>             L<\/p>\n<p>   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class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal 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   T<\/p>\n<p>             m<\/p>\n<p>             e<\/p>\n<p>             m<\/p>\n<p>           (<\/p>\n<p>           \u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p>           )<\/p>\n<p>          T_{miss} &#061; T_{TLB} &#043; 3 \\\\times T_{mem} (\\\\text{\u67e5\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868}) &#043; T_{mem} (\\\\text{\u53d6\u6570\u636e})<\/p>\n<p>       <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">mi<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">ss<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">L<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7278em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u67e5\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1389em\">T<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.1389em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord cjk_fallback\">\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565&#xff1a;\u505a\u672c\u6821\u671f\u672b\u9898\u65f6&#xff0c;\u52a1\u5fc5\u53c2\u8003\u8001\u5e08\u5e73\u65f6\u7ed9\u7684\u4f8b\u9898\u548c\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e73\u65f6\u4f8b\u9898\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u53ea\u7b972\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5c31\u63092\u6b21\u7b97&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7edf\u8003\u9898&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u591a\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7ea7\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u671f\u672b\u590d\u4e60\u4e0e\u5907\u8003\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5957\u300a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u300b\u671f\u672b\u8bd5\u9898&#xff08;\u4e00&#xff09;\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u4e60\u8109\u7edc\u548c\u5e94\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<h4>1. \u6784\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31&#xff0c;\u62d2\u7edd\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc<\/h4>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u529f\u80fd&#xff08;\u5904\u7406\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3&#xff09;\u662f\u9aa8\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u673a\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002\u8981\u641e\u61c2\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\u3001PV\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9\u7ec3\u751f\u4ea7\u8005-\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3001\u8bfb\u8005-\u5199\u8005\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u9910&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u5206\u914d&#xff08;\u5206\u533a&#xff09; <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>        \\\\rightarrow<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.3669em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u5206\u914d&#xff08;\u5206\u9875\u3001\u5206\u6bb5&#xff09; <span class=\"katex--inline\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><\/p>\n<p>         \u2192<\/p>\n<p>        \\\\rightarrow<\/p>\n<p>     <\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.3669em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58&#xff08;\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u9875\u3001\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff09;\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u624b\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u6838\u5fc3\u662fI\/O\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff08;\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001DMA\u3001\u901a\u9053&#xff09;\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. \u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8fa8\u6790\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u6781\u5ea6\u559c\u6b22\u8003\u67e5\u76f8\u4f3c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\u683c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b vs \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u5e76\u53d1 vs \u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6b65 vs \u4e92\u65a5<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u9875 vs \u5206\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li>\u6b7b\u9501\u9884\u9632 vs \u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u7c7b\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff08;OPT, FIFO, LRU, CLOCK&#xff09;\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u53caBelady\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u653b\u514b\u8ba1\u7b97\u9898\u201c\u4e09\u5ea7\u5927\u5c71\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>OS\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u9898\u5957\u8def\u56fa\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u62ff\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u753b\u7518\u7279\u56fe&#xff0c;\u8ba1\u7b97\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5e26\u6743\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362&#xff1a;\u7ed9\u5b9a\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6c42\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u9875\u8868\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u78c1\u76d8\u8c03\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u8ba1\u7b97\u78c1\u5934\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u78c1\u9053\u6570\u3002\u6ce8\u610fSCAN\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u4e22\u5206\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<h4>4. \u89c4\u8303\u7b54\u9898&#xff0c;\u8e29\u70b9\u5f97\u5206<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u7b54\u9898&#xff1a;\u5206\u70b9\u4f5c\u7b54&#xff08;1. 2. 3.&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5148\u5199\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba&#xff0c;\u518d\u5199\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5b57\u8ff9\u5de5\u6574&#xff0c;\u6761\u7406\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/li>\n<li>PV\u64cd\u4f5c\u9898&#xff1a;\n<li>\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u53ca\u521d\u503c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5199\u660e\u7269\u7406\u542b\u4e49&#xff08;\u5982 mutex&#061;1&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u4e92\u65a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u533a&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u8981\u5b8c\u6574&#xff08;cobegin &#8230; coend&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>P\u64cd\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728V\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d&#xff08;\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7533\u8bf7\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5148\u7533\u8bf7\u540c\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf&#xff0c;\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u4e92\u65a5\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u6781\u6613\u6b7b\u9501&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa Max\u3001Allocation\u3001Need\u3001Available \u8868\u683c&#xff0c;\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5199\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bed \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5e94\u4ed8\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u66f4\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8d85\u4e07\u5b57\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790&#xff0c;\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u6253\u901a\u4efb\u7763\u4e8c\u8109&#xff0c;\u5728\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59&#xff0c;\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f60\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u8def\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u89c9\u5f97\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9&#xff0c;\u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u8d5e\u3001\u6536\u85cf\u3001\u5173\u6ce8&#xff01;\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u9646\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u300a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u300b\u5377\u4e8c\u81f3\u5377\u5341\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790&#xff0c;\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85&#xff01;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u3011\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u671f\u672b\u8bd5\u9898\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9\u7cbe\u8bb2&#xff08;\u5377\u4e00&#xff09; \u524d\u8a00 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff08;Operating System, OS&#xff09;\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8bfe\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u8003\u7814&#xff08;\u5982408\u7edf\u8003&#xff09;\u548c\u5927\u5382\u6821\u62db\u7b14\u8bd5\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8003\u91cd\u9547\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u5728\u671f\u672b\u590d\u4e60\u6216\u5907\u8003\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u201c\u5237\u9898-\u5bf9\u7b54\u6848\u201d\u7684\u6d45\u5c42\u9636\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9898\u76ee\u80cc\u540e\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u3002 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