{"id":113293,"date":"2026-10-05T22:17:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T14:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113293.html"},"modified":"2026-10-05T22:17:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T14:17:11","slug":"linux%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9aroot%e3%80%81sudo-%e5%92%8c%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%bb%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113293.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1aroot\u3001sudo \u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f root<\/h3>\n

root \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237，\u4e5f\u53eb\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6743\u9650\u8303\u56f4：\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3；\u800c root \u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e，\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

1. root \u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6：UID 0<\/h4>\n

\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6，\u7528 UID \u8868\u793a\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID \u4ece 1000 \u5f00\u59cb，\u800c root \u7684 UID \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 0\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237，\u770b\u7684\u662f UID \u662f\u5426\u4e3a 0，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a root \u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237，\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u7684 UID \u4e0d\u662f 0，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

2. root \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4<\/h4>\n

root \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762：\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6，\u5305\u62ec \/etc \u4e0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6；\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u675f\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1；\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6，\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e，\u6302\u8f7d\u78c1\u76d8，\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709 root \u505a\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 root<\/h4>\n

su \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528：su（switch user）\u7528\u4e8e\u5207\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6267\u884c su – root \u540e，\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165 root \u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u53d8\u6210 root \u8eab\u4efd，\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4ece $ \u53d8\u6210 #，\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4ee5 root \u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c，\u76f4\u5230\u8f93\u5165 exit \u624d\u9000\u56de\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e0b su \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237
\nwhoami
\n# \u8f93\u51fa：yourname
\n\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u7528\u6237（\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 root \u5bc6\u7801）
\nsu – root
\n\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u540e，\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u6210
\nwhoami
\n\u8f93\u51fa：root
\n\u7528\u5b8c\u9000\u51fa，\u56de\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237
\nexit<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，su \u5207\u6362\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301 root \u8eab\u4efd，\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u5927；\u800c sudo \u53ea\u5bf9\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743，\u7528\u5b8c\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d\u666e\u901a\u8eab\u4efd，\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

root \u7684\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927，\u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 root \u767b\u5f55，\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u592a\u9ad8\u3002\u6572\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u641e\u574f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f60\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6，\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u63d0\u793a\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3，\u800c root \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c，\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u6389\u3002\u800c\u4e14 root \u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u6709\u4e8c\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4，\u5220\u4e86\u5c31\u5220\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64，Ubuntu \u548c Linux Mint \u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c06 root \u8d26\u6237\u9501\u5b9a，\u4e0d\u8bbe\u5bc6\u7801，\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528 sudo \u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743\u3002sudo \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f：\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee5 root \u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u5c31\u6062\u590d\u666e\u901a\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u5b89\u5168，\u53c8\u4e0d\u7528\u957f\u671f\u5f00\u7740 root\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo \u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u80fd\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u7528 sudo，\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u89c4\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 sudo，\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u7528\u5b83\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u6709\u63d0\u6743\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u5728 Ubuntu \u548c Linux Mint \u4e2d，\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4，\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u80fd\u7528 sudo；\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u540e\u6765\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5728 sudo \u7ec4\u91cc，\u5373\u4f7f\u77e5\u9053\u5bc6\u7801，\u6267\u884c sudo \u4e5f\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u300c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5728 sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c06\u88ab\u62a5\u544a\u300d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4，sudo \u7684\u6743\u9650\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6388\u4e88\u7684，\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e sudo \u8ba4\u8bc1\u5462？\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355，\u628a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5728 Ubuntu \u548c Linux Mint \u4e2d，sudo \u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63d0\u6743\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

# \u5148\u7528\u6709 sudo \u6743\u9650\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u6267\u884c，\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4
\nsudo usermod -aG sudo \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u52a0\u5165\u6210\u529f
\ngroups \u7528\u6237\u540d
\n\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u5e94\u5305\u542b sudo，\u4f8b\u5982：\u7528\u6237\u540d : \u7528\u6237\u540d sudo
\n\u5207\u6362\u56de\u8be5\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237，\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 sudo
\nsudo whoami
\n\u8f93\u5165\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u8f93\u51fa：root<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 sudo \u7ec4，\u662f\u7ed9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u901a sudo \u6743\u9650\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u8bb0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5，\u4e00\u6761 usermod \u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f，\u6bd4\u5982\u60f3\u8ba9\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1，\u628a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 sudo \u7ec4\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4，\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u914d\u7f6e\u514d\u5bc6 sudo \u65f6，\u624d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9：\u4e00\u662f usermod -aG \u4e2d\u7684 -a \u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0，\u52a1\u5fc5\u5e26\u4e0a，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u628a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664；\u4e8c\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e，\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55（\u6216\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u518d\u767b\u5f55）\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002\u53e6\u5916，\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6，\u4f46\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 visudo \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7f16\u8f91，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5，\u907f\u514d\u5199\u9519\u5bfc\u81f4 sudo \u5168\u90e8\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4，\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u514d\u5bc6 sudo，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528 visudo \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7f16\u8f91，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5，\u907f\u514d\u5199\u9519\u5bfc\u81f4 sudo \u5168\u90e8\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u514d\u5bc6 sudo：<\/p>\n

# \u7528 visudo \u6253\u5f00 sudoers \u6587\u4ef6（\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5）
\nsudo visudo
\n\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c，\u8ba9\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u514d\u5bc6\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4
\n\u7528\u6237\u540d ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
\n\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u540e，\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c sudo \u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801
\nsudo whoami
\n\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa：root<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u542b\u4e49：\u7528\u6237\u540d \u662f\u8981\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237；\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a ALL \u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c；(ALL) \u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4；NOPASSWD: ALL \u8868\u793a\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u514d\u5bc6\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6700\u540e\u7684 ALL \u6362\u6210\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4，\u4f8b\u5982 NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/apt\u3002\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u7684\u662f，NOPASSWD \u867d\u7136\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u66f4\u4f4e，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u62ff\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u6743\u9650，\u5c31\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5 root \u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u786e\u8ba4，\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 su \u5207\u6362\u6210 root？\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f Linux Mint（\u57fa\u4e8e Ubuntu），\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86 root \u8d26\u6237，\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9 root \u8bbe\u5bc6\u7801\u3002su \u547d\u4ee4\u8981\u5207\u6362\u6210 root，\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 root \u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f46 root \u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u5bc6\u7801，\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u8f93\u4ec0\u4e48，\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u300c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u574f\u4e86\u3002Ubuntu \u548c Mint \u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f：\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 root，\u800c\u662f\u7528 sudo \u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f：su – root \u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d8\u6210 root，\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301 root \u8eab\u4efd，\u76f4\u5230\u4f60 exit，\u98ce\u9669\u5927，\u5bb9\u6613\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c；\u800c sudo \u53ea\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u7528 root \u6743\u9650，\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u5230\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237，\u5b89\u5168，\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 Mint \u628a root \u9501\u4e86，\u903c\u4f60\u8d70 sudo \u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u60f3\u7528 root \u6743\u9650\u600e\u4e48\u529e？\u7528 sudo -i \u5373\u53ef：<\/p>\n

sudo -i<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801 123456，\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165 root shell，\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4f1a\u4ece $ \u53d8\u6210 #\u3002\u7528\u5b8c\u6572 exit \u9000\u56de\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u975e\u8981\u8ba9 su \u80fd\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9 root \u8bbe\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801：<\/p>\n

sudo passwd root<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u7136\u540e\u7ed9 root \u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801，\u8bbe\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e su – root \u5c31\u80fd\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a，\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a：\u4e00\u662f\u7834\u574f\u4e86 Mint \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1；\u4e8c\u662f root \u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5bc6\u7801，\u5c31\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981，sudo \u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u65b0\u624b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5751<\/h4>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b0\u624b\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u7684\u5751，\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u7559\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751：su \u548c sudo \u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002su \u662f\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237，su – root \u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 root \u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f46 Mint \u4e2d root \u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u7801，\u6240\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u800c sudo \u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u4e0d\u662froot \u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7528 su \u5931\u8d25，\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u9519\u4e86，\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7528\u9519\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5751：sudo \u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u6743\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u662f shell \u5185\u7f6e\u7684，\u6bd4\u5982 cd，sudo cd \u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548，\u56e0\u4e3a cd \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b，sudo \u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u8981\u7528 sudo -i \u8fdb\u5165 root shell \u518d\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5751：root \u7684 PATH \u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684 PATH \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84，\u800c root \u7684 PATH \u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6267\u884c，sudo \u4e4b\u540e\u53cd\u800c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651，\u9632\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab root \u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5751：\u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u610f\u7528 sudo \u6267\u884c\u4ece\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002sudo \u52a0\u811a\u672c\u7b49\u4e8e\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c，\u811a\u672c\u91cc\u5199\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u811a\u672c\u5185\u5bb9，\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u6267\u884c，\u80fd\u4e0d\u7528 sudo \u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5751：chmod 777 \u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u89e3\u836f\u3002\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898，\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f chmod 777，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u4e8b，\u4f46\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7b49\u4e8e\u628a\u6240\u6709\u95e8\u90fd\u6253\u5f00\u4e86，\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u6700\u5c0f\u5fc5\u8981\u6743\u9650，\u6bd4\u5982 755 \u6216 644\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u7406\u89e3 root \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb<\/h4>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a root \u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u628a\u4e07\u80fd\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u95e8，\u4f46\u4f60\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u62ff\u5728\u624b\u91cc，\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u501f\u4e00\u4e0b，\u7528\u5b8c\u5c31\u8fd8\u56de\u53bb\u3002sudo \u5c31\u662f\u501f\u94a5\u5319\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709 root，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528 root\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h3>\n

\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u662f\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6 UID，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6 GID\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f52\u5230\u4e00\u8d77，\u65b9\u4fbf\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 sudo \u7ec4，\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4，\u52a0\u5165\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u63d0\u6743\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5f00\u59cb，\u9010\u6b65\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u5220\u9664：groupadd \u548c groupdel<\/h4>\n

groupadd \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a dev \u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\nsudo groupadd dev
\n\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a GID（\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6），\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d
\nsudo groupadd -g 2000 dev
\n\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4（GID \u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e 1000，\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1）
\nsudo groupadd -r sysgroup<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49：-g \u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a GID，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e 1000 \u7684 GID；-r \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4，\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u7684 GID \u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e 1000，\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u540e\u53f0\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 root \u6743\u9650，\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u8981\u52a0 sudo\u3002<\/p>\n

groupdel \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u540d\u4e3a dev \u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\nsudo groupdel dev<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 groupdel \u65f6\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9：\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7ec4\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7ec4（\u4e3b\u7ec4），\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664，\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u300ccannot remove the primary group of user\u300d，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\u6539\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4，\u6216\u8005\u5148\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7528\u6237；\u4e8c\u662f\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u7528\u6237，\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728，\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4；\u4e09\u662f\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d，\u5220\u9664\u524d\u52a1\u5fc5\u786e\u8ba4\u7ec4\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u7528\u6237\u7684\u521b\u5efa：useradd<\/h4>\n

useradd \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a zhangsan \u7684\u7528\u6237，\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7ec4\u4e3a dev
\nsudo useradd -g dev zhangsan
\n\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55
\nsudo useradd -d \/home\/zhangsan -m zhangsan
\n\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a UID
\nsudo useradd -u 1500 zhangsan<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570：-g \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4（\u521d\u59cb\u7ec4），\u4e3b\u7ec4\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a，\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ec4；-d \u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84；-m \u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa；-u \u6307\u5b9a UID，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e 1000 \u7684 UID\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，useradd \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u7801，\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55，\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408 passwd \u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5220\u9664：userdel<\/h4>\n

userdel \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237 zhangsan（\u4fdd\u7559\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6）
\nsudo userdel zhangsan
\n\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6
\nsudo userdel -r zhangsan<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570：-r \u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u4e00\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0 -r，\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u540e，\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc，\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u524d\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u7559\u4e0b\u5b64\u513f\u8fdb\u7a0b；\u540c\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u7528\u6237，\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f：id<\/h4>\n

id \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID\u3001GID \u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f
\nid
\n\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f
\nid zhangsan<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837：uid=1000(zhangsan) gid=1000(zhangsan) groups=1000(zhangsan),27(sudo)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d uid \u662f\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6，gid \u662f\u4e3b\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6，groups \u5217\u51fa\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 id \u547d\u4ee4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4，\u6bd4\u5982\u67e5\u770b sudo \u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 groups \u5217\u8868\u4e2d，\u5c31\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u6743\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f：usermod<\/h4>\n

usermod \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027，\u6bd4\u5982\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3001\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001UID \u7b49\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u628a\u7528\u6237 zhangsan \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 sudo \u7ec4（-a \u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0，\u52a1\u5fc5\u5e26\u4e0a）
\nsudo usermod -aG sudo zhangsan
\n\u628a\u7528\u6237 zhangsan \u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3a dev
\nsudo usermod -g dev zhangsan
\n\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55
\nsudo usermod -d \/home\/newhome -m zhangsan<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570：-aG \u4e2d -a \u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0（append），-G \u8868\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4，\u4e24\u8005\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4，\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7ec4；\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5199 -G \u800c\u4e0d\u5199 -a，\u4f1a\u628a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664，\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4，\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u3002-g \u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u7ec4；-d \u914d\u5408 -m \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u8fc1\u79fb\u539f\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e，\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55（\u6216\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u518d\u767b\u5f55）\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f：getent<\/h4>\n

getent \u547d\u4ee4：\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93（\u5982 \/etc\/passwd\u3001\/etc\/group）\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u89c4\u8303，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5e93（\u5982 LDAP）\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f（\u6765\u81ea \/etc\/passwd）
\ngetent passwd
\n\u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\ngetent passwd zhangsan
\n\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f（\u6765\u81ea \/etc\/group）
\ngetent group
\n\u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\ngetent group dev<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d，passwd \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u300c\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d:x:UID:GID:\u63cf\u8ff0:\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55:\u767b\u5f55shell\u300d，group \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u300c\u7ec4\u540d:\u5bc6\u7801\u5360\u4f4d:GID:\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5217\u8868\u300d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 getent，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7ec4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684 UID\u3001GID \u548c\u6210\u5458\u6784\u6210，\u662f\u6392\u67e5\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc，\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a Linux \u4e2d\u7684 root \u7528\u6237\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u68b3\u7406\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u89e3 root \u7684\u6743\u9650\u8fb9\u754c，\u8fd8\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u6df1\u5165\u8bb2\u89e3 Linux \u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u5206，\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u3001chmod \u548c chown \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f rootroot \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237，\u4e5f\u53eb\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6743\u9650\u8303\u56f4：\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3；\u800c root \u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e，\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u30021. root \u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6：UID 0\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6，\u7528 UID \u8868\u793a\u3002\u666e\u901a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,43,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-113293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux","tag-43","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1aroot\u3001sudo \u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 - 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