{"id":113255,"date":"2026-10-05T20:09:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T12:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113255.html"},"modified":"2026-10-05T20:09:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T12:09:05","slug":"mutex-%e4%b8%8e-lock_guard-unique_lock%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%ab%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a3%e7%a1%ae%e5%8a%a0%e9%94%81%e5%a7%bf%e5%8a%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113255.html","title":{"rendered":"mutex \u4e0e lock_guard \/ unique_lock\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u9501\u59ff\u52bf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u5b8c std::thread \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898：\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u78b0\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6162\u4e00\u70b9\u300d，\u800c\u662f\u300c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u503c\u300d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u539f\u7406\u8bb2\u8d77，\u628a std::mutex \u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3001RAII \u9501\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u6b21\u9501\u591a\u628a\u65f6\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u914d\u4e0a\u80fd\u8dd1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u7d2f\u52a0，\u7ed3\u679c\u968f\u673a<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5408\u7406：8 \u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5404\u52a0 10 \u4e07\u6b21，\u671f\u671b 80 \u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <thread><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <vector><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

long<\/span> long<\/span> g_value =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> unsynchronized_add<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u53cd\u4f8b，\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199：g_value += 1 \u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u300c\u8bfb – \u6539 – \u5199\u300d\u4e09\u6b65，<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u503c，\u5404\u81ea\u52a0 1 \u518d\u5199\u56de \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u589e\u88ab\u541e\u6389<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 100000<\/span>;<\/span> ++<\/span>i)<\/span> g_value +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> race_demo<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>vector<<\/span>std::<\/span>thread><\/span> pool;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 8<\/span>;<\/span> ++<\/span>i)<\/span> pool.<\/span>emplace_back<\/span>(<\/span>unsynchronized_add)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>auto<\/span>&<\/span> t :<\/span> pool)<\/span> t.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ g_value \u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e 800000，\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837 \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709 main()，\u662f\u7eaf\u5c55\u793a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5b83\u914d\u771f\u5b9e\u8f93\u51fa，\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa：\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53cd\u590d\u8dd1，\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 79 \u4e07\u300180 \u4e07\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u968f\u673a\u503c，\u5076\u5c14\u8fd8\u80fd\u300c\u78b0\u5de7\u300d\u7b49\u4e8e 80 \u4e07\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u300d\u6bd4\u7a33\u5b9a\u9519\u8bef\u66f4\u5371\u9669\u3002\u672c\u5730\u6d4b\u5341\u6b21\u90fd\u5bf9，\u538b\u529b\u4e00\u5927\u5c31\u51fa\u9519，\u800c\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u590d\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5047\u8bbe：\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b，\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u4f1a\u5077\u5077\u6539\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e8e\u662f g_value += 1 \u88ab\u62c6\u6210\u300c\u8bfb\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u2192 \u52a0 1 \u2192 \u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u300d\u4e09\u6b65，\u4e2d\u95f4\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63d2\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89（data race），\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7b97\u9519，\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89 \u2014 cppreference（\u300c\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc）<\/p>\n

std::mutex：\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n

std::mutex \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5951\u7ea6\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c：<\/p>\n\n\u63a5\u53e3\u884c\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\u65f6<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
lock()<\/td>\n\u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u62ff\u5230\u9501；\u5df2\u6301\u9501\u8005\u518d\u8c03\u5373\u4e3a UB<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25（\u5931\u8d25\u4e00\u822c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6b7b\u9501）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
try_lock()<\/td>\n\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b，\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de false，\u4e0d\u963b\u585e<\/td>\n\u8fd4\u56de false<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unlock()<\/td>\n\u91ca\u653e\u9501；\u672a\u6301\u9501\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u662f UB<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b A \u7ebf\u7a0b B mutex \u72b6\u6001
\n \u2502 \u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2502 lock() \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u2502 \u88ab A \u6301\u6709 \u2502
\n \u2502 <\u4e34\u754c\u533a: \u8bfb value_ \/ \u6539 \/ \u5199\u56de> \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
\n \u2502 \u2502 lock() \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4e2d
\n \u2502 unlock() \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
\n \u2502 \u2502 <\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5f00\u59cb> \u2502 \u88ab B \u6301\u6709 \u2502
\n \u2502 \u2502 unlock() \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25ba \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
\n \u7a7a\u95f2<\/p>\n

\u624b\u5199 lock() \/ unlock() \u57fa\u672c\u5fc5\u9519\u3002\u770b\u53cd\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

#<\/span>include<\/span> <mutex><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <stdexcept><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

std::<\/span>mutex g_mtx;<\/span>
\nbool<\/span> g_should_fail =<\/span> false<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

void<\/span> manual_lock_unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n g_mtx.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u53cd\u4f8b，\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199（\u8fdd\u53cd Core Guidelines CP.20 \/ CP.50）：<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4e2d\u95f4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u629b\u5f02\u5e38，unlock() \u5c31\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7 \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u628a\u9501\u6c38\u4e45\u6cc4\u6f0f，<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5168\u90e8\u6c38\u8fdc\u963b\u585e\u5728 lock() \u4e0a，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u300c\u83ab\u540d\u5361\u6b7b\u300d<\/span>
\n if<\/span> (<\/span>g_should_fail)<\/span> throw<\/span> std::<\/span>runtime_error{<\/span>"boom"<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
\n g_mtx.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u300c\u5fd8\u4e86\u5199 unlock\u300d，\u800c\u5728**unlock \u548c lock \u4e4b\u95f4\u9694\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u8c03\u7528**\u3002\u4f60\u6ca1\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u8d70\u5230 unlock，\u9664\u975e\u8ba9\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u515c\u5e95\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f RAII：\u628a\u9501\u7ed1\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0a，\u6790\u6784\u5373\u89e3\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：std::mutex \u2014 cppreference\u3001C++ Core Guidelines \u00b7 CP.20（\u7528 RAII，\u4e0d\u8981\u88f8 lock\/unlock）<\/p>\n

lock_guard：\u6700\u7701\u4e8b\u7684 RAII \u9501<\/h3>\n

std::lock_guard \u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u6863：\u6784\u9020\u5373\u52a0\u9501，\u6790\u6784\u5373\u89e3\u9501，\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ counter_guard.cpp \u2014 \u7f16\u8bd1: g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -O2 -pthread counter_guard.cpp -o counter_guard<\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <cstdio><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <mutex><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <thread><\/span><\/span>
\n#<\/span>include<\/span> <vector><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

class<\/span> Counter<\/span> {<\/span>
\n long<\/span> long<\/span> value_{<\/span>0<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
\n mutable<\/span> std::<\/span>mutex mtx_;<\/span> \/\/ mutable：value() \u662f const \u51fd\u6570，\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u52a0\u9501<\/span><\/p>\n

public<\/span>:<\/span>
\n void<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>long<\/span> long<\/span> delta)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>lock_guard<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>mtx_}<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u5373\u9501，\u6790\u6784\u5373\u89e3\u9501<\/span>
\n value_ +=<\/span> delta;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

long<\/span> long<\/span> value<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> {<\/span>
\n const<\/span> std::<\/span>lock_guard<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>mtx_}<\/span>;<\/span>
\n return<\/span> value_;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n constexpr<\/span> int<\/span> kThreads =<\/span> 8<\/span>;<\/span>
\n constexpr<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span> kPerThread =<\/span> 100000<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

Counter counter;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>vector<<\/span>std::<\/span>thread><\/span> pool;<\/span>
\n pool.<\/span>reserve<\/span>(<\/span>kThreads)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> kThreads;<\/span> ++<\/span>i)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n pool.<\/span>emplace_back<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>counter]<\/span> {<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>long<\/span> long<\/span> k =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> k <<\/span> kPerThread;<\/span> ++<\/span>k)<\/span> counter.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>auto<\/span>&<\/span> t :<\/span> pool)<\/span> t.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

const<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span> expected =<\/span> kThreads *<\/span> kPerThread;<\/span>
\n const<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span> actual =<\/span> counter.<\/span>value<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7d2f\u52a0\u7ed3\u679c = %lld\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> actual)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u671f\u671b\u503c = %lld\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> expected)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4 = %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> actual ==<\/span> expected ?<\/span> "\u662f"<\/span> :<\/span> "\u5426"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d2f\u52a0\u7ed3\u679c = 800000
\n\u671f\u671b\u503c = 800000
\n\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4 = \u662f<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5f00\u5934\u90a3\u6bb5\u88ab\u541e\u6389\u81ea\u589e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u6bd4，\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u53e5 lock_guard\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6c38\u8fdc\u786e\u5b9a，\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u52a0\u9501\u8981\u4e70\u7684\u4e1c\u897f：\u628a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6362\u6210\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ec6\u8282：<\/p>\n

  • lock_guard \u5bf9\u8c61\u8981 const\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684，\u52a0 const \u8868\u660e\u300c\u6211\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u300d，\u4e5f\u9632\u6b62\u8bef\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c0f\u3002{ } \u62ec\u4f4f\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e34\u754c\u533a；\u9501\u6301\u6709\u8d8a\u4e45，\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f97\u8d8a\u4e45\u3002\u4e0a\u9762 value() \u91cc\u300c\u9501 \u2192 \u8bfb \u2192 \u8fd4\u56de\u300d\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5199\u6cd5，\u7edd\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u6301\u9501\u671f\u95f4\u505a printf\u3001\u6587\u4ef6 IO \u6216\u5206\u914d\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n
  • mutable std::mutex \u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684：value() \u662f const \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570，\u800c lock() \u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u72b6\u6001，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b mutable\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u903b\u8f91\u5e38\u91cf\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：std::lock_guard \u2014 cppreference<\/p>\n

    lock_guard \u7684\u5c40\u9650\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u786e：\u4e0d\u80fd\u624b\u52a8 unlock\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u5f97\u6362\u4e0b\u4e00\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n

    unique_lock：\u66f4\u8d35，\u4f46\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u80fd\u505a<\/h3>\n

    std::unique_lock \u662f\u300c\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u7248\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u5185\u90e8\u591a\u5b58\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5426\u6301\u6709\u9501\u300d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7，\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4 lock_guard \u7565\u5927\u3001\u7565\u6162\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u300c\u80fd\u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u9501\u7684 lock_guard\u300d，\u5176\u5b9e\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u70b9\u5f00\u9500\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u5e26\u6765\u7684；\u6362\u6765\u7684\u662f\u56db\u4ef6 lock_guard \u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b：<\/p>\n\n\u80fd\u529b\u5199\u6cd5<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501（\u53ea\u5305\u88c5，\u5148\u4e0d\u9501）<\/td>\nstd::unique_lock<std::mutex> l{m, std::defer_lock};<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5c1d\u8bd5\u52a0\u9501（\u5931\u8d25\u4e0d\u963b\u585e）<\/td>\nstd::unique_lock<std::mutex> l{m, std::try_to_lock};<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u624b\u52a8 unlock() \/ lock()<\/td>\n\u968f\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/td>\nstd::unique_lock<std::mutex> b{std::move(a)};<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u8fd9\u662f unique_lock \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u7531（std::condition_variable::wait \u8981\u6c42\u5b83）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u662f std::defer_lock + std::lock \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408，\u5b83\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u539f\u5b50\u5730\u9501\u4f4f\u591a\u628a\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u300cA \u9501 B\u3001B \u9501 A\u300d\u6b7b\u9501：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ unique_lock_demo.cpp \u2014 \u7f16\u8bd1: g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -O2 -pthread unique_lock_demo.cpp -o unique_lock_demo<\/span>
    \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <cstdio><\/span><\/span>
    \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <mutex><\/span><\/span>
    \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <thread><\/span><\/span>
    \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <utility><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    class<\/span> Account<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n long<\/span> long<\/span> balance_;<\/span>
    \n mutable<\/span> std::<\/span>mutex mtx_;<\/span><\/p>\n

    public<\/span>:<\/span>
    \n explicit<\/span> Account<\/span>(<\/span>long<\/span> long<\/span> init)<\/span> :<\/span> balance_{<\/span>init}<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

    long<\/span> long<\/span> balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n const<\/span> std::<\/span>lock_guard<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>mtx_}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n return<\/span> balance_;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    friend<\/span> void<\/span> transfer<\/span>(<\/span>Account&<\/span> from,<\/span> Account&<\/span> to,<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span> amount)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4e00\u6b21\u9501\u4e24\u628a：\u7528 std::lock \u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u5199\u300c\u5148\u9501 from \u518d\u9501 to\u300d<\/span>
    \nvoid<\/span> transfer<\/span>(<\/span>Account&<\/span> from,<\/span> Account&<\/span> to,<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span> amount)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>unique_lock<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock_from{<\/span>from.<\/span>mtx_,<\/span> std::<\/span>defer_lock}<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ea\u5305\u88c5，\u4e0d\u52a0\u9501<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>unique_lock<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock_to{<\/span>to.<\/span>mtx_,<\/span> std::<\/span>defer_lock}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>lock_from,<\/span> lock_to)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8981\u4e48\u4e24\u628a\u90fd\u62ff\u5230，\u8981\u4e48\u4e00\u628a\u90fd\u4e0d\u6301\u6709<\/span>
    \n from.<\/span>balance_ -=<\/span> amount;<\/span>
    \n to.<\/span>balance_ +=<\/span> amount;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n Account a{<\/span>1000<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n Account b{<\/span>500<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8f6c\u8d26\u524d: a = %lld, b = %lld\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> a.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> b.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8f6c\u8d26：\u82e5\u624b\u5199\u300c\u5148\u9501 A \u518d\u9501 B\u300d，\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b7b\u9501<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>thread t1{<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>a,<\/span> &<\/span>b]<\/span> {<\/span> transfer<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b,<\/span> 100<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>thread t2{<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>a,<\/span> &<\/span>b]<\/span> {<\/span> transfer<\/span>(<\/span>b,<\/span> a,<\/span> 30<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n t1.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n t2.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u8f6c\u8d26\u540e: a = %lld, b = %lld\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> a.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> b.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u603b\u989d\u5b88\u6052: %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>a.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> +<\/span> b.<\/span>balance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> ==<\/span> 1500<\/span> ?<\/span> "\u662f"<\/span> :<\/span> "\u5426"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ unique_lock \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u9501，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>mutex gate;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>unique_lock<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>gate,<\/span> std::<\/span>defer_lock}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"defer_lock \u4e4b\u540e owns_lock() = %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> lock.<\/span>owns_lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> "true"<\/span> :<\/span> "false"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n lock.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u624b\u52a8 lock \u4e4b\u540e owns_lock() = %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> lock.<\/span>owns_lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> "true"<\/span> :<\/span> "false"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>unique_lock<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> handed_over{<\/span>std::<\/span>move<\/span>(<\/span>lock)<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"move \u4e4b\u540e: \u539f\u5bf9\u8c61 %s, \u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61 %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n lock.<\/span>owns_lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> "true"<\/span> :<\/span> "false"<\/span>,<\/span> handed_over.<\/span>owns_lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> "true"<\/span> :<\/span> "false"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8f6c\u8d26\u524d: a = 1000, b = 500
    \n\u8f6c\u8d26\u540e: a = 930, b = 570
    \n\u603b\u989d\u5b88\u6052: \u662f
    \ndefer_lock \u4e4b\u540e owns_lock() = false
    \n\u624b\u52a8 lock \u4e4b\u540e owns_lock() = true
    \nmove \u4e4b\u540e: \u539f\u5bf9\u8c61 false, \u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61 true<\/p>\n

    \u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • std::lock(l1, l2) \u5185\u90e8\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5168\u62ff\u6216\u5168\u4e0d\u62ff\u300d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5，\u6807\u51c6\u8981\u6c42\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u8f6c\u8d26\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u5361\u4f4f\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u300c\u5148\u9501 A \u518d\u9501 B\u300d\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\u6c38\u8fdc\u6b63\u786e，\u4e00\u4e0a\u5e76\u53d1\u5c31\u662f\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743\u540e，\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 owns_lock() \u53d8\u6210 false，\u89e3\u9501\u8d23\u4efb\u4e00\u5e76\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u300c\u628a\u9501\u4ea4\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u4e5f\u662f condition_variable \u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u524d\u63d0：wait \u9700\u8981\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\u91ca\u653e\u9501，\u9192\u6765\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：std::unique_lock \u2014 cppreference\u3001std::lock（\u591a\u9501\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d）\u3001C++ Core Guidelines \u00b7 CP.21 \/ CP.22 \/ CP.50<\/p>\n

      try_lock \u4e0e timed_mutex：\u7b49\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31\u8d70\u4eba<\/h3>\n

      \u6709\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u7b49\u9501，\u6bd4\u5982\u300c\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e27\u300d\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u5faa\u73af，\u6216\u8005\u300c\u8d85\u65f6\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\u300d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7528 std::timed_mutex：<\/p>\n

      \/\/ try_lock.cpp \u2014 \u7f16\u8bd1: g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -O2 -pthread try_lock.cpp -o try_lock<\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <atomic><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <chrono><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <cstdio><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <mutex><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <thread><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>timed_mutex gate;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u2460 \u6ca1\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6，try_lock \u7acb\u523b\u6210\u529f（\u5b83\u662f\u300c\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u300d，\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u7b49\u4e0b\u53bb\u300d）<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> bool<\/span> idle_ok =<\/span> gate.<\/span>try_lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6ca1\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89: try_lock() -> %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> idle_ok ?<\/span> "\u62ff\u5230"<\/span> :<\/span> "\u6ca1\u62ff\u5230"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n if<\/span> (<\/span>idle_ok)<\/span> gate.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u2461 \u6709\u4eba\u6301\u9501\u65f6，try_lock_for \u5230\u70b9\u5c31\u653e\u5f03，\u7edd\u4e0d\u65e0\u9650\u7b49<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>atomic<<\/span>bool<\/span>><\/span> holder_ready{<\/span>false<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>thread holder{<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>gate,<\/span> &<\/span>holder_ready]<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n gate.<\/span>lock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n holder_ready.<\/span>store<\/span>(<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>this_thread::<\/span>sleep_for<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>chrono::<\/span>milliseconds{<\/span>500<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6545\u610f\u5360\u4f4f 500ms<\/span>
      \n gate.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      while<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>holder_ready.<\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> std::<\/span>this_thread::<\/span>yield<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7b49\u6301\u9501\u8005\u5c31\u7eea<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> bool<\/span> busy_ok =<\/span> gate.<\/span>try_lock_for<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>chrono::<\/span>milliseconds{<\/span>50<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6709\u4eba\u6301\u9501: try_lock_for(50ms) -> %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> busy_ok ?<\/span> "\u62ff\u5230"<\/span> :<\/span> "\u8d85\u65f6\u653e\u5f03"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n if<\/span> (<\/span>busy_ok)<\/span> gate.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      holder.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> bool<\/span> after_ok =<\/span> gate.<\/span>try_lock_for<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>chrono::<\/span>milliseconds{<\/span>50<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6301\u9501\u8005\u9000\u51fa\u540e: try_lock_for(50ms) -> %s\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> after_ok ?<\/span> "\u62ff\u5230"<\/span> :<\/span> "\u8d85\u65f6\u653e\u5f03"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n if<\/span> (<\/span>after_ok)<\/span> gate.<\/span>unlock<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6ca1\u4eba\u7ade\u4e89: try_lock() -> \u62ff\u5230
      \n\u6709\u4eba\u6301\u9501: try_lock_for(50ms) -> \u8d85\u65f6\u653e\u5f03
      \n\u6301\u9501\u8005\u9000\u51fa\u540e: try_lock_for(50ms) -> \u62ff\u5230<\/p>\n

      \u6ce8\u610f\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c：\u8d85\u65f6\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u5931\u8d25，\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u8fd9 50ms \u5185\u6ca1\u62ff\u5230\u300d\u3002try_lock_for \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426 unlock，\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7740\u6ca1\u6301\u6709\u7684\u9501\u8c03\u7528 unlock，\u90a3\u662f UB\u3002<\/p>\n

      std::mutex \u5bb6\u65cf\u8be5\u9009\u54ea\u4e2a：<\/p>\n\n\u7c7b\u578b\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u9501\u652f\u6301\u8d85\u65f6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      std::mutex<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u62e9，\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      std::recursive_mutex<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u300c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u300d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      std::timed_mutex<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2713 try_lock_for \/ try_lock_until<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u300c\u7b49\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31\u8d70\u4eba\u300d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      std::recursive_timed_mutex<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u96c6，\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6781\u5c11\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      std::shared_mutex（C++17）<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u9501<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u5173\u4e8e std::recursive_mutex，\u8bf4\u53e5\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684：\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u9501（\u5185\u90e8\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570），\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u80fd\u6551\u6d3b\u300c\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u987a\u624b\u52a0\u9501\u300d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f46\u9012\u5f52\u9501\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5b83\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u300c\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u8fb9\u754c\u6ca1\u5212\u6e05\u695a\u300d\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b，\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf（invariant）\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u4e2d\u9014\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u6210\u54c1\u72b6\u6001，\u522b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u770b\u4e0d\u5230，\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5199\u9519\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u7684\u573a\u5408\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u300c\u8981\u517c\u5bb9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u597d\u7684\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u63a5\u53e3\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf7\u6539\u6210：\u53ea\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u52a0\u4e00\u6b21\u9501，\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6362\u6210\u300c\u5047\u8bbe\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5df2\u6301\u9501\u300d\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：std::timed_mutex\u3001std::recursive_mutex\u3001std::shared_mutex（C++17）<\/p>\n

      \u4e09\u79cd RAII \u9501\u600e\u4e48\u9009<\/h3>\n\n\u7ef4\u5ea6lock_guardunique_lockscoped_lock（C++17）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u52a0\u9501\u65f6\u673a<\/td>\n\u6784\u9020\u5373\u9501<\/td>\n\u53ef\u9009 defer_lock \/ try_to_lock \/ adopt_lock<\/td>\n\u6784\u9020\u5373\u9501<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u624b\u52a8 unlock \/ lock<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u80fd\u5426\u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u80fd\u5426\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n\u2713 \u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5b83<\/td>\n\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u4e00\u6b21\u9501\u591a\u628a<\/td>\n\u9700\u914d std::lock + adopt_lock<\/td>\n\u2713 \u914d std::lock<\/td>\n\u2713 \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570（\u5185\u90e8\u7528\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n\u6700\u5c0f（\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709）<\/td>\n\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u662f\u5426\u6301\u6709\u300d\u6807\u5fd7 + \u5c11\u91cf\u5206\u652f<\/td>\n\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u4e34\u754c\u533a，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u5b83<\/td>\n\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf \/ \u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u9501 \/ \u8f6c\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u6743<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u9501 2 \u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u9009\u578b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：\u80fd\u7528 lock_guard \u5c31\u7528 lock_guard，\u4e00\u6b21\u8981\u9501\u591a\u628a\u5c31\u7528 scoped_lock，\u53ea\u6709\u9700\u8981 defer_lock\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u6216\u8005\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u624d\u4e0a unique_lock\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a unique_lock \u529f\u80fd\u591a\u5c31\u65e0\u8111\u7528\u5b83，\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u662f\u6709\u6210\u672c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：std::scoped_lock \u2014 cppreference\u3001C++ Core Guidelines \u00b7 CP.20 \/ CP.50<\/p>\n

      \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7edf\u8ba1\u5668<\/h3>\n

      \u628a\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e32\u8d77\u6765，\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u62a5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1：<\/p>\n

      \/\/ stats.cpp \u2014 \u7f16\u8bd1: g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -O2 -pthread stats.cpp -o stats<\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <cstdio><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <map><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <mutex><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <string><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <thread><\/span><\/span>
      \n#<\/span>include<\/span> <vector><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      class<\/span> Stats<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>map<<\/span>std::<\/span>string,<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span>><\/span> counts_;<\/span>
      \n mutable<\/span> std::<\/span>mutex mtx_;<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span>:<\/span>
      \n void<\/span> record<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>string&<\/span> key)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> std::<\/span>lock_guard<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>mtx_}<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n ++<\/span>counts_[<\/span>key]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4e34\u754c\u533a：\u8bfb\u6539\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u5bb9\u5668<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      std::<\/span>map<<\/span>std::<\/span>string,<\/span> long<\/span> long<\/span>><\/span> snapshot<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> const<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> std::<\/span>lock_guard<<\/span>std::<\/span>mutex><\/span> lock{<\/span>mtx_}<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n return<\/span> counts_;<\/span> \/\/ \u62f7\u4e00\u4efd\u51fa\u53bb，\u9501\u5185\u4e0d\u505a\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n constexpr<\/span> int<\/span> kThreads =<\/span> 4<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n constexpr<\/span> int<\/span> kPerThread =<\/span> 10000<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n const<\/span> std::<\/span>vector<<\/span>std::<\/span>string><\/span> keys{<\/span>"cpu"<\/span>,<\/span> "mem"<\/span>,<\/span> "disk"<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      Stats stats;<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>vector<<\/span>std::<\/span>thread><\/span> pool;<\/span>
      \n pool.<\/span>reserve<\/span>(<\/span>kThreads)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> kThreads;<\/span> ++<\/span>i)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n pool.<\/span>emplace_back<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>stats,<\/span> &<\/span>keys]<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> k =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> k <<\/span> kPerThread;<\/span> ++<\/span>k)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n stats.<\/span>record<\/span>(<\/span>keys[<\/span>static_cast<\/span><<\/span>std::<\/span>size_t><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>k)<\/span> %<\/span> keys.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>auto<\/span>&<\/span> t :<\/span> pool)<\/span> t.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      long<\/span> long<\/span> total =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> auto<\/span>&<\/span> [<\/span>key,<\/span> n]<\/span> :<\/span> stats.<\/span>snapshot<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ C++17 \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"%s = %lld\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> key.<\/span>c_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> n)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n total +=<\/span> n;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n std::<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u603b\u8ba1 = %lld（\u671f\u671b %d）\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> total,<\/span> kThreads *<\/span> kPerThread)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      cpu = 13336
      \ndisk = 13332
      \nmem = 13332
      \n\u603b\u8ba1 = 40000（\u671f\u671b 40000）<\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u6bb5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6284\u8d70\u7684\u5199\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

    • snapshot() \u5728\u9501\u5185\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u9501\u5916\u904d\u5386\u3002\u6301\u9501\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u591f\u4e00\u6b21 map \u62f7\u8d1d，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u6301\u9501 + \u5faa\u73af + \u56db\u6b21 printf\u300d\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u8d8a\u77ed，\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8，\u8fd9\u662f\u52a0\u9501\u4f18\u5316\u91cc\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u62db\u3002<\/li>\n
    • record() \u91cc\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21 ++counts_[key]\u3002std::map \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u548c\u6811\u65cb\u8f6c，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210；\u6362\u6210 std::unordered_map \u8fd8\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6ce8\u610f rehash \u4f1a\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5931\u6548\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u9501\u5916\u62ff\u7740\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411 map \u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • std::mutex \u2014 cppreference：\u4e09\u5927\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bed\u4e49，\u6ce8\u610f lock \u5bf9\u5df2\u6301\u9501\u8005\u8c03\u7528\u662f UB<\/li>\n
      • std::lock_guard \/ std::unique_lock \/ std::scoped_lock：\u4e09\u79cd RAII \u9501\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6e05\u5355，\u9009\u578b\u524d\u5bf9\u7740\u770b\u4e00\u904d<\/li>\n
      • std::lock：\u591a\u9501\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bf4\u660e，defer_lock \u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u642d\u6863<\/li>\n
      • C++ \u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b \u2014 cppreference：\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3001happens-before\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5b9a\u4e49，\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9501\u80fd\u4fee\u597d\u5b83\u300d\u7684\u5fc5\u8bfb\u9879<\/li>\n
      • C++ Core Guidelines \u00b7 \u5e76\u53d1\u7bc7（CP）：CP.20\u3001CP.21\u3001CP.22\u3001CP.50 \u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u9501\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u786c\u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u6536\u4e2a\u5c3e<\/h3>\n

        \u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u300c\u8bfb-\u6539-\u5199\u300d\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c，\u9501\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u3002\u4e09\u6761\u89c4\u77e9\u503c\u5f97\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765：\u9501\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528 RAII（lock_guard \u9ed8\u8ba4\u3001scoped_lock \u9501\u591a\u628a\u3001unique_lock \u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u624d\u7528），\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed，\u7edd\u4e0d\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u91cc\u505a IO \u6216\u957f\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529f\u592b\u5728\u5212\u8fb9\u754c，\u4e0d\u5728\u6311\u9501\u578b\u3002\u9501\u578b\u9009\u9519\u9876\u591a\u6162\u4e00\u70b9，\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u9519\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u9501\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89，\u540e\u8005\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u96be\u67e5\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bb2\u5b8c std::thread \u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898：\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u78b0\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6162\u4e00\u70b9\u300d，\u800c\u662f\u300c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u503c\u300d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u539f\u7406\u8bb2\u8d77，\u628a std::mutex \u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3001RAII \u9501\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u6b21\u9501\u591a\u628a\u65f6\u7684\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u914d\u4e0a\u80fd\u8dd1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
        \n\u4e0d\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u7d2f\u52a0，\u7ed3\u679c\u968f\u673a
        \n\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5408\u7406：<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12806,55,3169],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-113255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-12806","tag-c","tag-3169"],"yoast_head":"\nmutex \u4e0e lock_guard \/ unique_lock\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u9501\u59ff\u52bf - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/113255.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"mutex \u4e0e lock_guard \/ unique_lock\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u9501\u59ff\u52bf - 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