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class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2806em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.2806em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0528em\">\u03b2<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8804em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f0f(2) \u4e2d\u65e0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9879\u3001\u65e0\u6dd8\u6c70\u9879\u3001\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u6027\u72b6\u9891\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002&#034;\u6dd8\u6c70&#034;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5728\u672c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.2 \u547d\u9898 1&#xff1a;\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u547d\u9898 1&#xff08;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027&#xff09; \u82e5\u521d\u59cb\u9891\u7387 p(0)&gt;0 \u4e14 \u03b2 \u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u6b63\u503c&#xff0c;\u5219\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3 t&#xff0c;\u5747\u6709 p(t)&gt;0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u660e&#xff1a;\u7531\u5f0f(2)&#xff0c;\u82e5 p&gt;0 \u4e14 \u03b2 \u6709\u9650&#xff0c;\u5219\u5206\u5b50 p(1&#043;\u03b2)&gt;0&#xff0c;\u5206\u6bcd 1&#043;\u03b2p&gt;1&gt;0&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64 p_{t&#043;1}&gt;0\u3002\u7531\u6570\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u6709\u9650 t&#xff0c;p(t)&gt;0\u3002\u25a1<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u9898\u8868\u660e&#xff0c;\u5f31\u52bf\u6027\u72b6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0&#034;\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3&#034;\u5728\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3\u5185\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5728\u6743\u91cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u96f6\u6f02\u79fb\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u4ecd\u5177\u5907\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6027\u72b6\u6743\u91cd\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f52\u96f6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u9690\u6027\u6709\u5bb3\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u3001\u591a\u8868\u578b\u5171\u5b58\u73b0\u8c61&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u6027\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5206\u5bf8&#xff1a;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1 p(t)&gt;0&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1 p(t) \u4e0d\u8d8b\u8fd1\u96f6\u3002\u5f53 \u03b2&lt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;p(t) \u53ef\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u5feb\u901f\u8d8b\u8fd1 0\u3002\u6545&#034;\u4e0d\u5f52\u96f6&#034;\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e&#034;\u4e0d\u5371\u9669&#034;\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.3 \u547d\u9898 2&#xff1a;\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5f0f(2) \u505a\u5dee\u5206\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4e16\u4ee3\u95f4\u9694 \u0394t &#061; 1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u91cf\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394p\u2248p(1\u2212p)(\u03b2\u22121)Ne\\\\Delta p \\\\approx \\\\frac{p(1-p)(\\\\beta-1)}{N_e}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 2.263em;vertical-align: -0.836em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.427em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.314em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.109em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0528em\">\u03b2<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.836em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d N_e \u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u9898 2&#xff08;\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b&#xff09; \u79cd\u7fa4\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7531\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4 \u03b2 \u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21 N_e \u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u5f0f(3) \u53ef\u5f97\u5982\u4e0b\u63a8\u8bba&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba 1&#xff08;\u65e0\u4e8c\u503c\u5206\u754c&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#034;\u9002\u5e94\/\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94&#034;\u7684\u4e8c\u503c\u5206\u754c\u3002\u03b2 \u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u4efb\u610f \u03b2\u22601 \u5747\u5bf9\u5e94\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba 2&#xff08;\u6bd4\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u82e5\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ee1\u8db3 b\u2081\/a\u2081 &#061; b\u2082\/a\u2082&#xff0c;\u5219\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6027\u72b6\u9891\u7387\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7f29\u653e\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u79cd\u7fa4\u603b\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u9891\u7387\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;\u6d3b\u5f97\u957f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u52a0\u901f\u6f14\u5316&#xff1b;\u751f\u5f97\u591a&#xff0c;\u624d\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u201c\u957f\u5bff\u800c\u4e0d\u7e41\u6b96&#xff0c;\u6743\u91cd\u7167\u65e7\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba 3&#xff08;\u6162\u901f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53 \u03b2 \u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e 1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u4efb\u610f\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u505c\u6ede\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba 4&#xff08;\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u901f\u7387\u89e3\u8026&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7531 \u03b2\u22121 \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7531 |\u03b2\u22121| \u4e0e N_e \u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb&#xff1a;\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53ef\u56e0\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u901f\u7387&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e5f\u53ef\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8bba 5&#xff08;N_e \u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u65e2\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u5668\u3002N_e \u8d8a\u5927&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4ee3\u9891\u7387\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c0f&#xff1b;\u5f53 N_e \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.4 \u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u8fa8\u6790<\/h4>\n<h4>2.5 \u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f0f(2) \u7684\u9891\u7387\u8fed\u4ee3\u516c\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898&#xff0c;\u672c\u8282\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Python \u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u811a\u672c\u3002\u811a\u672c\u5bf9 \u03b2 \u53d6 0.5\u30011.0\u30011.5 \u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62&#xff0c;\u7ed8\u5236 p(t) \u968f\u65f6\u95f4&#xff08;\u4e16\u4ee3&#xff09;\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u68c0\u9a8c\u547d\u9898 1&#xff08;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027&#xff09;\u4e0e\u547d\u9898 2&#xff08;\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2.5.1 \u5b8c\u6574\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> numpy <span class=\"token keyword\">as<\/span> np<br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import<\/span> matplotlib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>pyplot <span class=\"token keyword\">as<\/span> plt<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><br \/>\nT <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span>            <span class=\"token comment\"># \u6a21\u62df\u4e16\u4ee3\u6570<\/span><br \/>\np0 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\"># \u521d\u59cb\u9891\u7387 p(0)<\/span><br \/>\nbeta_list <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0.5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1.0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1.5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\"># \u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4 \u03b2 \u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u53d6\u503c<\/span><br \/>\nN_e <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1000<\/span>         <span class=\"token comment\"># \u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21&#xff08;\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u9898 2 \u7684\u901f\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff09;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u5f0f(2) \u9891\u7387\u8fed\u4ee3 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">iterate_frequency<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">&#034;&#034;&#034;\u6309\u5f0f(2) p_{t&#043;1} &#061; p_t(1&#043;\u03b2) \/ (1&#043;\u03b2\u00b7p_t) \u8fed\u4ee3 T \u4ee3&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u9891\u7387\u5e8f\u5217\u3002&#034;&#034;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n    p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>empty<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> p0<br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> t <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>t <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> beta <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> p<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u547d\u9898 1 \u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#061;&#061;&#061; \u547d\u9898 1 \u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027 &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> beta <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> beta_list<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> iterate_frequency<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u68c0\u67e5\u4efb\u610f\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3 p(t) \u662f\u5426\u4e25\u683c\u5927\u4e8e 0<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">assert<\/span> np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">all<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u03b2&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">: \u51fa\u73b0 p(t)&lt;&#061;0&#xff0c;\u547d\u9898 1 \u88ab\u8fdd\u53cd&#xff01;&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u03b2 &#061; <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">&gt;4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">: \u672b\u4ee3 p(<\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>T<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">) &#061; <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.6e<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#xff0c;\u5168\u7a0b p(t)&gt;0 \u6210\u7acb \u2713&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u547d\u9898 2 \u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#061;&#061;&#061; \u547d\u9898 2 \u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u6784\u9020\u4e24\u7ec4\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4f46 \u03b2 \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u7cfb\u7edf A&#xff1a;a&#061;1.5, b&#061;1.0 \u2192 \u03b2&#061;1.5&#xff1b;\u7cfb\u7edf B&#xff1a;a&#061;15, b&#061;10 \u2192 \u03b2&#061;1.5&#xff08;\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u00d710&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\nbeta_same <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1.5<\/span><br \/>\npA <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> iterate_frequency<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta_same<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\"># \u4f4e\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u6c34\u5e73<\/span><br \/>\npB <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> iterate_frequency<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta_same<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\"># \u9ad8\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u6c34\u5e73&#xff08;\u03b2 \u76f8\u540c&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># \u7531\u5f0f(3) \u0394p \u2248 p(1-p)(\u03b2-1)\/N_e&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u65e0\u5173&#xff0c;\u6545\u4e24\u5e8f\u5217\u5e94\u9010\u4ee3\u4e00\u81f4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">assert<\/span> np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>allclose<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pA<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> pB<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u03b2 \u76f8\u540c\u800c\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u51fa\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02&#xff01;&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u03b2 \u76f8\u540c(&#061;1.5)\u3001\u7edd\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u76f8\u5dee 10 \u500d\u7684\u4e24\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u5e8f\u5217\u9010\u4ee3\u4e00\u81f4 \u2713&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c \u03b2 \u7684\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387&#xff08;\u7528\u5f0f(3) \u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c \u0394p \u8861\u91cf&#xff09;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\\\\n&#061;&#061;&#061; \u4e0d\u540c \u03b2 \u7684\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff08;\u5f0f(3) \u8fd1\u4f3c&#xff09; &#061;&#061;&#061;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> beta <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> beta_list<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> iterate_frequency<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    dp <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span>          <span class=\"token comment\"># \u6bcf\u4ee3\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u03b2 &#061; <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">&gt;4<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">: \u524d 10 \u4ee3\u5e73\u5747 |\u0394p| &#061; <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>mean<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token builtin\">abs<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>dp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.4e<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- \u7ed8\u56fe &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><br \/>\nfig<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> ax <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> plt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>subplots<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>figsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">9<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>arange<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>T <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> beta <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> beta_list<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    p <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> iterate_frequency<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>p0<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> T<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    ax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>plot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> p<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> lw<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> label<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f&#034;\u03b2 &#061; <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span>beta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>ax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>axhline<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1.0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> color<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;gray&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> ls<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#8211;&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> lw<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0.8<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> alpha<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0.6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>set_xlabel<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u4e16\u4ee3 t&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> fontsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">12<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>set_ylabel<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;A \u7c7b\u6027\u72b6\u9891\u7387 p(t)&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> fontsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">12<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>set_title<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5f0f(2) \u9891\u7387\u8fed\u4ee3&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u540c \u03b2 \u4e0b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8f68\u8ff9&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> fontsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">13<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>legend<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>fontsize<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">11<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nax<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>grid<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>alpha<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0.3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nplt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>tight_layout<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nplt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>savefig<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;frequency_iteration.png&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> dpi<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">150<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\nplt<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>show<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>2.5.2 \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6ce8\u91ca<\/h5>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u811a\u672c&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03b2 &#061; 0.5&#xff08;\u5f31\u52bf\u6027\u72b6&#xff09;&#xff1a;p(t) \u4ece 0.05 \u5f00\u59cb\u5355\u8c03\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u5feb\u901f\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e 0\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65ad\u8a00\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u4efb\u610f\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3\u5185 p(t) \u5747\u4e25\u683c\u5927\u4e8e 0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u547d\u9898 1 \u7684\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027&#xff1a;\u5f31\u52bf\u6027\u72b6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3\u5185\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u96f6\u6f02\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2 &#061; 1.0&#xff08;\u4e2d\u6027\u60c5\u5f62&#xff09;&#xff1a;p(t) \u6052\u7b49\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u503c 0.05&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u6f02\u79fb\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 \u03b2\u22121 &#061; 0&#xff0c;\u7531\u5f0f(3) \u53ef\u77e5 \u0394p &#061; 0&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94\u63a8\u8bba 1 \u7684&#034;\u65e0\u4e8c\u503c\u5206\u754c&#034;\u2014\u2014\u03b2&#061;1 \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u96f6\u901f\u7387\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u03b2 &#061; 1.5&#xff08;\u5f3a\u52bf\u6027\u72b6&#xff09;&#xff1a;p(t) \u4ece 0.05 \u5f00\u59cb\u5355\u8c03\u4e0a\u5347&#xff0c;\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1 1\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u7531 \u03b2\u22121 \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff08;\u63a8\u8bba 4&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u547d\u9898 1 \u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u811a\u672c\u5bf9\u4e09\u79cd \u03b2 \u5747\u65ad\u8a00 np.all(p &gt; 0)&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5373\u4f7f \u03b2&#061;0.5 \u65f6\u672b\u4ee3\u9891\u7387\u5df2\u4f4e\u81f3\u7ea6 10\u207b\u2074\u2070 \u91cf\u7ea7&#xff0c;\u4ecd\u4e25\u683c\u4e3a\u6b63&#xff0c;\u5370\u8bc1&#034;\u4e0d\u5f52\u96f6\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5371\u9669&#034;\u7684\u5206\u5bf8\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u9898 2 \u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u811a\u672c\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5dee 10 \u500d\u3001\u4f46 \u03b2 \u76f8\u540c&#xff08;&#061;1.5&#xff09;\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u65ad\u8a00\u5176\u9891\u7387\u5e8f\u5217\u9010\u4ee3\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7531\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4 \u03b2 \u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21 N_e \u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u7531\u5f0f(3) \u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u0394p \u4e2d\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0 \u03b2 \u4e0e N_e&#xff0c;\u7edd\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u529b a\u3001b \u7684\u6570\u503c\u88ab\u6bd4\u503c\u6d88\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901f\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4&#xff1a;\u524d 10 \u4ee3\u5e73\u5747 |\u0394p| \u968f \u03b2 \u504f\u79bb 1 \u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u5927&#xff08;\u03b2&#061;0.5 \u4e0e \u03b2&#061;1.5 \u7684\u901f\u7387\u76f8\u8fd1&#xff0c;\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd&#xff1b;\u03b2&#061;1.0 \u901f\u7387\u4e3a 0&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u5f0f(3) \u4e2d \u0394p \u221d (\u03b2\u22121) \u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5f0f(3) \u7684 \u0394p \u2248 p(1\u2212p)(\u03b2\u22121)\/N_e \u4e3a\u4e16\u4ee3\u95f4\u9694 \u0394t&#061;1 \u65f6\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5c55\u5f00&#xff0c;\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8fed\u4ee3\u91c7\u7528\u5f0f(2) \u672c\u8eab&#xff0c;\u4e8c\u8005\u5728 \u03b2 \u63a5\u8fd1 1\u3001N_e \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u543b\u5408\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u8c03\u6574 p0\u3001T\u3001\u03b2 \u4e0e N_e \u590d\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u57fa\u56e0\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf&#xff0c;\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4f18\u52a3\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u503c\u5207\u5206\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5916\u751f\u4e09\u91cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u6bd4\u503c \u03b2 \u4e3a\u7eaf\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u8868\u5f81\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u73af\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f&#xff0c;\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u7eaf\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7ebf\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u8c03\u63a7\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u56e0\u7d20&#xff0c;\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u63a7\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u72b6\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6743\u91cd\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f\u7684\u5347\u964d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u2014\u6587\u5316\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u79cd\u7fa4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u662f \u03b2 \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u57fa\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u5728\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u6743\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5bfc\u51fa\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>3 \u6f14\u5316\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u4ece\u6811\u5f62\u7b5b\u9009\u5230\u7f51\u72b6\u52a0\u6743<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u6dd8\u6c70\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3&#xff0c;\u5929\u7136\u5bfc\u51fa\u6811\u5f62\u5206\u53c9\u7684\u8c31\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u800c\u5728\u52a0\u6743\u6f14\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u591a\u6027\u72b6\u53ef\u957f\u671f\u5171\u5b58&#xff0c;\u57fa\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u7e41\u6b96\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u52a8&#xff0c;\u6f14\u5316\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f51\u72b6\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u4e2a\u4f53&#xff0c;\u8fb9\u4ee3\u8868\u7e41\u6b96\u5173\u8054\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e8b\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u6743\u91cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u72b6\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6743\u91cd\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u518d\u5206\u914d&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8c\u503c\u5b58\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 6&#xff08;\u62d3\u6251\u540e\u679c&#xff09;&#xff1a;&#034;\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51&#034;\u5e76\u975e\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">R0&#061;2mNe1&#043;\u03b3R_0 &#061; \\\\frac{2mN_e}{1&#043;\\\\gamma}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0077em\">R<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3011em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0077em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 2.2408em;vertical-align: -0.8804em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.3603em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.314em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0556em\">\u03b3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">N<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.1514em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.109em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8804em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d m \u4e3a\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387&#xff0c;\u03b3 \u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca\u3002\u5f53 R_0&lt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u65ad\u88c2&#xff0c;\u5404\u79cd\u7fa4\u5404\u81ea\u52a0\u6743&#xff0c;\u8d8b\u5f02&#xff0c;\u6811\u5f62\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6210\u7acb&#xff1b;\u5f53 R_0&gt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u56e0\u679c\u95ed\u5408&#xff0c;\u62d3\u6251\u6536\u655b\u5360\u4f18&#xff0c;\u6811\u5f62\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u591a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5c06\u5355\u4e00\u4f4d\u70b9\u6a21\u578b\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u591a\u5c40\u57df\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u8bbe\u79cd\u7fa4\u5305\u542b n \u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u79cd\u7fa4&#xff0c;\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u7531\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635 L \u63cf\u8ff0&#xff0c;\u03bb\u2082(L) \u4e3a\u8fc1\u79fb\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u8fde\u901a\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5ea6\u91cf\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002\u5f53 \u03bb\u2082(L) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fc1\u79fb\u4f5c\u7528\u5f3a\u4e8e\u5c40\u57df\u52a0\u6743\u6f02\u53d8&#xff0c;\u79cd\u7fa4\u5168\u5c40\u8d8b\u540c&#xff1b;\u5f53 \u03bb\u2082(L) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c40\u57df\u6f02\u53d8\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u5c40\u57df\u79cd\u7fa4\u53ef\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u6f14\u5316&#xff0c;\u7ef4\u6301\u79cd\u7fa4\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>3.3 \u547d\u9898 3&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u9608\u503c<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u5165\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf C&#xff0c;\u8868\u5f81\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u975e\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u9988\u4f5c\u7528\u6539\u53d8\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u9898 3&#xff08;\u9608\u503c\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09; \u5f53 R_0&gt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u6027\u72b6\u53ef\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u6269\u6563&#xff1b;\u5f53 R_0&lt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u51cf\u81f3\u96f6\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u53d8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u660e\u6982\u8981&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a \u010a \u2248 (\u03b7p\u2212\u03b4)C &#043; J\u3002\u7a33\u6001\u9644\u8fd1&#xff0c;\u82e5 \u03b7p\u2212\u03b4&gt;0 \u5219\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8870\u51cf\u3002\u5c06\u8fc1\u79fb\u9879 mN_e \u4e0e\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca \u03b3 \u8026\u5408\u540e&#xff0c;\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u7ec4\u5408 2mN_e\/(1&#043;\u03b3) \u6784\u6210\u9608\u503c\u3002\u5f53 \u03b3 \u589e\u5927&#xff08;\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u5f3a&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5206\u6bcd\u589e\u5927&#xff0c;R_0 \u51cf\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u66f4\u6613\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u8be5\u9608\u503c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e3a&#xff1a;\u8fc1\u79fb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6587\u5316\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6269\u6563&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u8870\u51cf\u4e0e\u53cd\u9988\u9971\u548c\u5219\u6291\u5236\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u5f53\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u8870\u51cf\u901f\u7387\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u53ef\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u25a1<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>4 \u9057\u4f20\u2014\u6587\u5316\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u8026\u5408\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p>\u6784\u5efa\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8026\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u72b6\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u4f18\u52bf&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f20\u5bfc\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u4f20\u5bfc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u53cd\u9988\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u6539\u53d8\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">x\u02d9&#061;diag(x)(wA\u2212w\u02c9)&#043;Lx&#043;U&#043;B&#043;K(x,C)\\\\dot{x} &#061; \\\\text{diag}(x)(w_A &#8211; \\\\bar{w}) &#043; Lx &#043; U &#043; B &#043; K(x, C)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6679em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord accent\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6679em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"accent-body\" style=\"left: -0.1111em\"><span class=\"mord\">\u02d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">diag<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0269em\">w<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3283em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0269em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord accent\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.5678em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0269em\">w<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"accent-body\" style=\"left: -0.1667em\"><span class=\"mord\">\u02c9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Lx<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.109em\">U<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7667em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0502em\">B<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">K<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.1667em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">C\u02d9&#061;\u03b7pC\u2212\u03b4C&#043;J\\\\dot{C} &#061; \\\\eta p C &#8211; \\\\delta C &#043; J<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9202em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord accent\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.9202em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.2523em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"accent-body\" style=\"left: -0.0556em\"><span class=\"mord\">\u02d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03b7<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">pC<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7778em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0379em\">\u03b4<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0962em\">J<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>diag(x)(w_A \u2212 w\u0304)&#xff1a;\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u52a0\u6743\u6f02\u79fb\u9879<\/li>\n<li>Lx&#xff1a;\u79cd\u7fa4\u8fc1\u79fb\u9879<\/li>\n<li>U&#xff1a;\u7a81\u53d8\u9879<\/li>\n<li>B&#xff1a;\u968f\u673a\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u9879<\/li>\n<li>K(x,C)&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879&#xff0c;\u8868\u5f81\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">w&#061;w0&#043;\u03b3\u22c5x\u22c5C1&#043;Cw &#061; w^0 &#043; \\\\gamma \\\\cdot \\\\frac{x \\\\cdot C}{1&#043;C}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4306em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0269em\">w<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9474em;vertical-align: -0.0833em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0269em\">w<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.8641em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.113em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6389em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0556em\">\u03b3<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 2.1297em;vertical-align: -0.7693em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 1.3603em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.314em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.23em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"frac-line\" style=\"border-bottom-width: 0.04em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.677em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">x<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0715em\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.7693em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d w\u2070 \u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7ebf\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd&#xff0c;\u03b3 \u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca&#xff0c;\u5176\u7b26\u53f7\u53ef\u6b63\u53ef\u8d1f&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53 \u03b3&gt;0 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u653e\u5927\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u4f18\u52bf&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53 \u03b3&lt;0 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u6291\u5236\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u5f62\u6210\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6291\u5236\u6548\u5e94\u65f6&#xff08;\u5982\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u6210\u529f\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5185\u5377\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u751f\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u652f\u6301\u7f3a\u5931\u7b49&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5404\u7c7b\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u540c\u6b65\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u79cd\u7fa4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u72b6\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u518d\u5206\u914d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6536\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879 K(x,C) &#061; \u03b3\u00b7x\u00b7C\/(1&#043;C) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u6240\u53d6&#xff0c;\u975e\u738b\u78ca\u2014\u5143\u5143\u539f\u8bba\u3002\u539f\u8bba\u4ec5\u4e3b\u5f20&#034;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u63a5\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\u63a5\u53e3&#034;\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u6ee1\u8db3\u975e\u8d1f\u6027\u3001\u96f6\u8f93\u5165\u96f6\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u6709\u754c\u6027\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28&#xff1b;\u5176\u4ed6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u5747\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u53cd\u9988\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94<\/h4>\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca \u03b3 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8&#xff08;\u6587\u5316\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6291\u5236\u6548\u5e94&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988&#xff0c;\u63a8\u52a8\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u5411\u5355\u4e00\u6210\u529f\u6807\u51c6\u6301\u7eed\u8d8b\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u5185\u8017\u4e0a\u5347&#xff0c;\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8d8b\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u7e41\u6b96\u57fa\u7ebf\u4e0b\u79fb\u8d8a\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u63a8\u8bba\u4e0e\u547d\u9898 1 \u7684\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4&#xff1a;\u591a\u5143\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u751f\u6d3b\u8def\u5f84\u5e76\u672a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u4e2d\u6743\u91cd\u6781\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u6f5c\u4f0f\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;\u5f53\u53cd\u9988\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u53d8\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f4e\u6743\u91cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5177\u5907\u91cd\u65b0\u6269\u6563\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.4 \u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f2\u533a&#xff1a;\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u589e\u76ca\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6743<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u9690\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe&#xff1a;\u672c\u6587\u4ee5&#034;\u52a0\u6743&#034;\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42&#xff0c;\u5374\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u6084\u6084\u6362\u56de\u4e86&#034;\u7b5b\u9009&#034;\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u987b\u5c06\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u5f0f\u62c6\u4e3a\u4e09\u5c42&#xff0c;\u4e09\u8005\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f2\u533a A&#xff5c;\u5165\u53e3\u5784\u65ad&#xff08;\u51c6\u5165\u6743&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8c01\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u628a\u89c2\u5ff5\u6295\u8fdb\u6587\u5316\u6c60&#xff1f;\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u804c\u79f0\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u7248\u9762\u3001\u8bb2\u53f0\u3001\u7f16\u5ba1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u95f8\u95e8&#xff0c;\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f20\u64ad\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f2\u533a B&#xff5c;\u653e\u5927\u5668\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0&#xff08;\u589e\u76ca\u5dee&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u5165\u6c60\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u88ab\u653e\u5927\u591a\u5c11\u500d&#xff1f;\u7b26\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u8005\u8fdb\u5165\u6559\u6750\u3001\u5934\u6761\u3001KPI \u4e0e\u8bc4\u5956&#xff0c;\u589e\u76ca \u03b3\u208a \u5f88\u5927&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u8005\u4ec5\u5b58\u4e8e\u79c1\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5c0f\u5708&#xff0c;\u589e\u76ca \u03b3\u208b \u5f88\u5c0f\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u8d1f\u3002A \u4e0e B \u4e0d\u53ef\u6df7\u540c&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5&#034;\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u8868\u4f46\u4e0d\u88ab\u770b\u89c1&#034;&#xff0c;\u4ea6\u53ef&#034;\u672a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5374\u81ea\u884c\u751f\u957f&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76f2\u533a C&#xff5c;\u56de\u6d41\u52ab\u6301&#xff08;\u5b9a\u4e49\u6743&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u8005\u8fde&#034;\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b97\u806a\u660e&#034;\u90fd\u7531\u8d62\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8d62\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51b3\u5b9a&#034;\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u5ff5\u8d62&#034;&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a&#034;\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b97\u597d\u89c2\u5ff5&#034;\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f7f\u7528\u8d62\u5bb6\u7684\u5c3a\u5b50&#xff0c;\u53cd\u6297\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 12&#xff08;\u5b9a\u4e49\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u95ed\u73af&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8005&#xff0c;\u6070\u597d\u662f\u88ab\u6807\u51c6\u8bc4\u4e3a&#034;\u4f18\u79c0&#034;\u7684\u90a3\u7fa4\u4eba\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u6307\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u53d1\u8d77\u7684&#034;\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f18\u79c0&#034;\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u901a\u8fc7&#034;\u4f18\u79c0&#034;\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.5 \u201c\u6846\u201d&#xff1a;\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3001\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f53\u79ef<\/h4>\n<p>\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u8a00\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u88ab&#034;\u7981\u6b62&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u5185&#xff1b;\u5176\u4ed6\u58f0\u97f3\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5220\u9664&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5230\u53ef\u89c1\u9608\u503c\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u8868\u8ff0\u6bd4&#034;\u7981\u6b62\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531&#034;\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e&#xff0c;\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u7981\u6b62&#034;\u9884\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7981\u8005&#xff0c;\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff1a;\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001KPI\u3001\u7248\u9762\u3001\u8bfe\u65f6\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u3001\u70ed\u641c\u673a\u5236\u3001\u8bc4\u59d4\u6784\u6210&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u7686&#034;\u4e2d\u6027\u201d&#xff0c;\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5373\u4e3a\u6846&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>&#034;\u7981\u6b62&#034;\u8ba8\u8bba\u6743\u5229&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u6cd5\u5b66\u573a\u57df&#xff1b;&#034;\u6846&#034;\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f62\u72b6&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u62d3\u6251\u573a\u57df&#xff0c;\u5f62\u72b6\u53ef\u6d4b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>&#034;\u5220\u9664&#034;\u4f7f c\u1d62&#061;0&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u4e8c\u503c\u903b\u8f91&#xff1b;&#034;\u8fc7\u6ee4&#034;\u4f7f c\u1d62&lt;c_th&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u52a0\u6743\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u547d\u9898 1 \u4fdd\u6301\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#034;\u6846&#034;\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u4f30\u53c2\u6570\u523b\u753b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ef4\u5ea6 d&#xff1a;\u53ef\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6570\u3002\u5355\u7ef4\u6846\u53ea\u80fd\u8c08&#034;\u6548\u7387&#034;&#xff08;d&#061;1&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u5065\u5eb7\u8bdd\u8bed\u573a d\u22655&#xff08;\u6548\u7387\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u771f&#xff09;\u3002\u538b\u7f29\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a d \u7531 6 \u964d\u81f3 1\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4&#034;&#xff0c;\u662f&#034;\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u6570&#034;&#xff0c;\u56e0\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u8f74\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u5ea6 \u03bc&#xff1a;\u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u51fa\u6846\u540e\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u8870\u51cf\u7387\u3002\u03bc \u5927\u65f6&#xff0c;\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u67e5\u6bd4\u5ba1\u67e5\u66f4\u6709\u6548&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u6210\u672c\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6&#xff08;\u65e0\u9700\u96c7\u7528\u5ba1\u67e5\u5458&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f53\u79ef V&#xff1a;\u53ef\u6d41\u901a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u603b\u6d4b\u5ea6\u3002V \u5c0f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5ff5\u6324\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ebf&#xff0c;\u4e92\u76f8\u8e29\u8e0f\u3002\u5185\u5377\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6765\u6e90&#xff1a;\u975e\u4eba\u8fc7\u591a&#xff0c;\u4e43\u65b9\u5411\u8fc7\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64&#xff0c;\u5f0f(6) \u5e94\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u89c2\u5ff5\u573a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6269\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">c\u02d9i&#061;\u03b7ici\u2212\u03b4ci&#043;Ji&#043;mi\u22c5\u03bb2(L)\u22c5ci\u2212\u03b8ci\u03c3&#043;\u03c1ci\u2212Wi(c)\\\\dot{c}_i &#061; \\\\eta_i c_i &#8211; \\\\delta c_i &#043; J_i &#043; m_i \\\\cdot \\\\lambda_2(L) \\\\cdot c_i &#8211; \\\\theta c_i^\\\\sigma &#043; \\\\rho c_i &#8211; \\\\mathcal{W}_i(c)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8179em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord accent\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.6679em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 3em\"><\/span><span class=\"accent-body\" style=\"left: -0.0833em\"><span class=\"mord\">\u02d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03b7<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0359em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8444em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0379em\">\u03b4<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.8333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0962em\">J<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0962em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.5945em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bb<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3011em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">L<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7333em;vertical-align: -0.15em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9614em;vertical-align: -0.247em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.7144em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.453em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.113em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.247em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.7778em;vertical-align: -0.1944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c1<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathcal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0822em\">W<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0822em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u9879\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a&#xff1a;\u7e41\u6b96\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u9057\u5fd8\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165&#xff08;\u5165\u53e3&#xff0c;\u5361\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6b64\u9879&#xff09;\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\/\u5a92\u4ecb\u6d41\u52a8\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316&#xff08;\u590d\u5229&#xff0c;\u03c1&#xff09;\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;\u95e8\u69db&#xff0c;\u03b8&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d \u03c3 \u662f\u672c\u6587\u65b0\u589e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03c3 &#061; 1&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u6027\u7ade\u4e89&#xff0c;\u5c0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ea6\u53ef\u7f13\u6162\u751f\u957f&#xff08;\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e02\u573a&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3 &gt; 1&#xff1a;\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027&#xff0c;\u8d62\u5bb6\u901a\u5403&#xff0c;\u957f\u5c3e\u5f52\u96f6&#xff08;\u73b0\u5b9e&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3 \u2192 \u221e&#xff1a;\u4e8c\u503c\u7b5b\u9009&#xff0c;\u9000\u5316\u4e3a&#034;\u6dd8\u6c70&#034;&#xff08;\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u57fa\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6280\u827a&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e8e\u628a \u03c3 \u4ece 1 \u63a8\u5411 \u221e&#xff1b;HDT \u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e3b\u5f20&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e \u03c3 \u6c38\u8fdc\u5230\u4e0d\u4e86 \u221e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 10&#xff08;\u5165\u53e3\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u4e58\u6027\u6548\u5e94&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u538b\u5236\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e J_i&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002J_i\u21920 \u65f6&#xff0c;c_i \u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760 \u03b7_i \u7f13\u6162\u722c\u5347&#xff0c;\u800c \u03b7_i \u7684\u722c\u5347\u901f\u5ea6\u88ab \u03b4 \u9501\u6b7b\u3002\u538b\u5236\u6210\u672c\u6781\u4f4e&#xff0c;\u4fee\u590d\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 11&#xff08;\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u89c2\u5ff5\u957f\u5c3e\u584c\u7f29&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u03c3&gt;1 \u65f6&#xff0c;c_i \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5448\u5e42\u5f8b&#xff0c;\u7b2c 1000 \u540d\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u603b\u6743\u91cd &lt;1%\u3002&#034;\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e&#034;\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd&#xff0c;\u9664\u975e\u4eba\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884 \u03c3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 13&#xff08;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u6761\u4ef6&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u88ab\u538b\u81f3 c_i&lt;c_th \u7684\u89c2\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u590d\u82cf\u53ea\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u4e00&#xff1a;m\u00b7\u03bb\u2082(L)&gt;\u03b4&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u538b\u8fc7\u9057\u5fd8&#xff0c;\u5373\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49&#xff09;&#xff1b;J_i \u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u975e\u96f6&#xff08;\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u53e3\u8033\u3001\u5730\u4e0b&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u03c3 \u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u538b\u56de 1&#xff08;\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u3001\u53cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u4f53\u914d\u989d&#xff09;\u3002\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u662f\u8ba9 \u03c3 \u56de\u5230 1&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u8d62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 14&#xff08;\u590d\u5229\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u53cd\u590d\u52a0\u6743\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u4e0e\u6b21\u6570\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u538b\u5236 10 \u6b21\u3001\u6bcf\u6b21 10%&#xff0c;\u635f\u5931 \u2248 1\u22120.9\u00b9\u2070 &#061; 65%&#xff1b;\u538b\u5236 1 \u6b21\u3001\u5f3a\u5ea6 50%&#xff0c;\u635f\u5931 &#061; 50%\u3002&#034;\u6e29\u6c34&#034;\u6bd4&#034;\u5200&#034;\u66f4\u81f4\u547d&#xff0c;\u56e0\u5176\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 15&#xff08;&#034;\u6709\u7528&#034;\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5e8f\u5012\u7f6e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8005&#xff0c;\u975e\u6700\u9519\u8005&#xff0c;\u4e43\u6700\u4e0d\u9002\u914d\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u8005&#xff1b;\u800c&#034;\u6709\u7528&#034;\u5f80\u5f80\u6070\u7b49\u4e8e&#034;\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u72b6&#034;&#xff0c;\u5373&#034;\u5a01\u80c1\u73b0\u72b6&#034;\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u6dd8\u6c70\u9ad8\u6760\u6746\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d&#034;\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u7528&#034;\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u5e94\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 16&#xff08;\u7b56\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u574d\u7f29\u7684\u4ee3\u9645\u6ede\u540e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027 H &#061; \u2212\u03a3c_i ln c_i \u4e0b\u964d \u2192 \u7b56\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d \u2192 \u73af\u5883\u7a81\u53d8\u65f6\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7531\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u652f\u4ed8&#xff0c;\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f52\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u6b64\u5373\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5236\u6b62\u7684\u539f\u56e0&#xff1a;\u4f5c\u6076\u8005\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4ed8\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8005&#xff0c;\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.6 &#034;\u53cd\u590d\u52a0\u6743&#034;\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u95e8\u69db<\/h4>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u9879 &#x1d4b2;_i\u00a9 \u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u5217\u901a\u9053&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex--display\"><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Wi(c)&#061;\u03b8\u22c5ci\u03c3&#043;\u03ba\u22c51[i\u2209S]\\\\mathcal{W}_i(c) &#061; \\\\theta \\\\cdot c_i^{\\\\sigma} &#043; \\\\kappa \\\\cdot \\\\mathbb{1}[i \\\\notin \\\\mathcal{S}]<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathcal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0822em\">W<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.3117em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.55em;margin-left: -0.0822em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.15em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.6944em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0278em\">\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.9614em;vertical-align: -0.247em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">c<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.7144em\"><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -2.453em;margin-left: 0em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">i<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"top: -3.113em;margin-right: 0.05em\"><span class=\"pstrut\" style=\"height: 2.7em\"><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0359em\">\u03c3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\" style=\"height: 0.247em\"><span class=\"\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">&#043;<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 0.4445em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03ba<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2222em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord\">1<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">[<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">i<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><span class=\"mrel\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mrel\">\u2208<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord vbox\"><span class=\"thinbox\"><span class=\"llap\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"inner\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord\">\/<\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.0556em\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fix\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mspace\" style=\"margin-right: 0.2778em\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height: 1em;vertical-align: -0.25em\"><\/span><span class=\"mord mathcal\" style=\"margin-right: 0.075em\">S<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u6700\u5f7b\u5e95&#xff1a;\u5b83\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u4e0d\u662f&#034;\u9519\u7684&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f&#034;\u4e0d\u5728\u8bae\u9898\u96c6\u91cc\u7684&#034;\u2014\u2014\u8fde&#034;\u88ab\u53cd\u9a73&#034;\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ed9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u91cd\u3001\u4ea6\u662f\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u4e00\u91cd\u95e8\u69db&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c_th,1&#xff08;\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u8fdb\u63a8\u8350\u3001\u4e0d\u8fdb\u70ed\u641c\u3001\u4e0d\u8fdb\u6559\u6750&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>c_th,2&#xff08;\u4e0d\u6562\u8bf4&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8bf4\u4e86\u8981\u4ed8\u4ee3\u4ef7&#xff08;\u4e22\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u88ab\u56f4\u653b\u3001\u88ab\u9500\u53f7&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>c_th,3&#xff08;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd&#xff0c;\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u672c\u63d0\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#034;\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531&#034;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u5f31\u7684\u8bcd&#xff1a;\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3 c_th,2&#xff1b;\u800c c_th,1 \u4e0e c_th,3 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5728\u5176\u5c04\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7262\u7b3c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u662f\u8ba9\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 17&#xff08;\u6846\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u52a3\u8d28\u5316\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u03bc \u5927 \u2192 \u8d8a\u6846\u5373\u8870\u51cf \u2192 \u4ec5\u6846\u5185\u89c2\u5ff5\u80fd\u79ef\u7d2f\u6743\u91cd&#xff1b;\u4f46\u6846\u5185\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u4e0d\u56e0\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8&#xff08;\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u6765\u81ea\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u88ab\u91cd\u590d&#xff09;\u3002\u6545\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6700\u591a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5&#xff1b;\u53cd\u590d\u52a0\u6743&#xff08;\u03c1&#xff09;\u2192 \u672a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc \u2192 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u4e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 18&#xff08;\u584c\u9677\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0&#xff09;&#xff1a;R_0 \u7531 &gt;1 \u8dcc\u81f3 &lt;1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5728 5\u201310 \u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u751f&#xff08;\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u623f\u4ef7\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7ade\u8d5b&#xff09;&#xff1b;R_0 \u7531 &lt;1 \u722c\u56de &gt;1&#xff0c;\u9700 25\u201340 \u5e74&#xff08;\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4 &#043; \u89c2\u5ff5\u60ef\u6027&#xff09;\u3002&#034;\u584c\u9677\u5feb\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u6162&#034;\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6765\u6e90&#xff0c;\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u4e43\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 9&#xff08;\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u538b\u5236\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006&#xff0c;\u800c\u5176\u53cd\u5411\u4fee\u590d\u53ef\u9006\u3002\u62ac\u9ad8\u95e8\u69db \u2192 \u751f\u80b2\u7a97\u53e3\u5173\u95ed \u2192 \u4e0d\u53ef\u9006&#xff08;\u5375\u5de2\u4e0d\u7b49\u4eba&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u964d\u4f4e\u95e8\u69db \u2192 \u610f\u613f\u6062\u590d \u2192 \u9700\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u4e14\u53d7\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u4f34\u4fa3\u7ed3\u6784\u60ef\u6027\u5236\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>5 \u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u5931\u6548\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u6743\u8fde\u7eed\u8fd1\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u786e\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6a21\u578b\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5931\u6548&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>(i) \u5f3a\u9009\u62e9\u6781\u9650&#xff08;\u03b2\u2192\u221e&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u5dee\u5f02\u6781\u5927\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u8fd1\u9636\u68af\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u5f31\u52bf\u6027\u72b6\u53ef\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4ee3\u5185\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u4f20\u7edf&#034;\u6dd8\u6c70&#034;\u63cf\u8ff0\u6062\u590d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6b64\u6761\u5e76\u975e\u8ba4\u8f93&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5212\u754c&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5931\u6548\u7684\u7406\u8bba&#xff0c;\u624d\u53eb\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(ii) \u79cd\u7fa4\u74f6\u9888\u6548\u5e94&#xff1a;\u5f53\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u6781\u5c0f&#xff08;N_e&lt;50&#xff09;\u6216\u7ecf\u5386\u79cd\u7fa4\u74f6\u9888\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52a0\u6743\u6f02\u79fb\u9879\u76f8\u5f53\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5f3a&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u518d\u5355\u8c03&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5411\u6f02\u79fb&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(iii) \u4e16\u4ee3\u91cd\u53e0\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u5f53\u7e41\u6b96\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u4e14\u4e2a\u4f53\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u8457\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u6bd4\u503c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf&#xff0c;\u9700\u5f15\u5165\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u77e9\u9635\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u03b2 \u6210\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u800c\u975e\u6807\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(iv) \u5b9a\u5411\u7a81\u53d8\u504f\u501a&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53cc\u5411\u7a81\u53d8\u901f\u7387\u5bf9\u79f0&#xff0c;\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u5b9a\u5411\u7a81\u53d8\u70ed\u70b9\u6216\u78b1\u57fa\u7ec4\u6210\u504f\u501a\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u5931\u6548&#xff0c;\u9700\u52a0\u5165\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7a81\u53d8\u9879\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(v) \u9009\u62e9\u538b\u5267\u70c8\u6ce2\u52a8&#xff1a;\u5f53 \u03b2 \u5728\u4e16\u4ee3\u95f4\u968f\u73af\u5883\u5267\u70c8\u6ce2\u52a8\u65f6&#xff0c;\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u9700\u91c7\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5efa\u6a21&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u6548\u5e94\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>5.1 \u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n<p>Wright\u2013Fisher \u4e2d\u6027\u6f14\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u5728 \u03b2\u21920 \u6781\u9650\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53 \u03b2&#061;0 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u9891\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u9057\u4f20\u6f02\u53d8\u9a71\u52a8&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u4e2d\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5178\u7fa4\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684 F_ST \u516c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u6027\u5c9b\u5c7f\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u7528&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5957\u7528\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4f4e\u4f30\u79cd\u7fa4\u5206\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u9ad8\u4f30\u57fa\u56e0\u6d41\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u6761\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u4e0e\u65e2\u6709\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u5206\u6b67&#xff0c;\u975e\u76f8\u5bb9\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>6 \u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u540c\u6784\u6027<\/h3>\n<h4>6.1 \u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u7406<\/h4>\n<p>\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u54f2\u5b66\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u516c\u7406&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u516c\u7406 A&#xff08;\u56e0\u679c\u65e0\u5355\u94fe&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5747\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u7ebf\u6027\u5e8f\u5217&#xff0c;\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5148\u540e\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5355\u5411\u51b3\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u7406 B&#xff08;\u7070\u5ea6\u65e0\u4e8c\u503c&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d6\u503c\u4e8e [0,1] \u8fde\u7eed\u533a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684&#034;\u56e0&#034;\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684&#034;\u975e\u56e0&#034;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u7406 C&#xff08;\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c3d\u7b97&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u957f\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7531\u6709\u9650\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u521d\u503c\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u521d\u503c\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51\u201d\u201c\u6f14\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u201d&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u516c\u7406 A\/B \u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e92\u4e3a\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.2 \u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u6784\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n<p>\u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u540c\u6001\u5173\u7cfb&#xff08;\u672c\u6587\u79f0&#034;\u540c\u6784&#034;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e25\u683c\u800c\u8a00\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u540c\u6001&#xff0c;\u56e0\u672a\u8bc1\u9006\u6620\u5c04\u4fdd\u6301\u7ed3\u6784&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6&#xff08;\u7070\u5ea6\u503c \u2208[0,1]&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd p\u2208(0,1)<\/td>\n<td>\u6743\u91cd\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56e0\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe<\/td>\n<td>\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc G<\/td>\n<td>\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u8fed\u4ee3\u53cd\u9988<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u2014\u9057\u4f20\u53cd\u9988\u9879 K(x,C)<\/td>\n<td>\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c3d\u7b97\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u521d\u503c\u654f\u611f\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u957f\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7cbe\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>6.3 \u5b9a\u7406 4&#xff08;\u540c\u6784\u5b9a\u7406&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b9a\u7406 4 \u8bbe\u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf S&#061;(P, G, \u03b2, \u03b3, K)&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d P \u4e3a\u79cd\u7fa4\u6027\u72b6\u5206\u5e03&#xff0c;G \u4e3a\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc&#xff0c;\u03b2 \u4e3a\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4&#xff0c;\u03b3 \u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca&#xff0c;K \u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u9879&#xff1b;\u8bbe\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf C&#061;(V, E, w, I)&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d V \u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u8282\u70b9\u96c6&#xff0c;E \u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u8fb9\u96c6&#xff0c;w \u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;I \u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u7b97\u5b50\u3002\u5219\u5b58\u5728\u6620\u5c04 \u03c6: S\u2192C&#xff0c;\u6ee1\u8db3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u6301&#xff1a;G \u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94 C \u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u901a\u6027&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u7070\u5ea6\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301&#xff1a;\u82e5 p_i &gt; p_j&#xff0c;\u5219 w(\u03c6(i)) &gt; w(\u03c6(j))&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u4fdd\u6301&#xff1a;\u82e5 p_i(t)&gt;0 \u5bf9\u6240\u6709 t \u6210\u7acb&#xff0c;\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u56e0\u679c\u94fe\u53ef\u65e0\u9650\u8fed\u4ee3&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u53cd\u9988\u65b9\u5411\u4fdd\u6301&#xff1a;\u82e5 \u03b3&gt;0 \u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u56de\u8def\u4e3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988&#xff0c;\u82e5 \u03b3&lt;0 \u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u56de\u8def\u4e3a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u8bc1\u660e&#xff1a;\u7531\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u9010\u6761\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u62d3\u6251\u540c\u6784\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u56fe\u7684\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff1b;\u7070\u5ea6\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u6743\u91cd\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d6\u503c\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5355\u8c03\u6620\u5c04&#xff1b;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u4fdd\u6301\u6027\u7531\u547d\u9898 1 \u4fdd\u8bc1&#xff1b;\u53cd\u9988\u65b9\u5411\u4fdd\u6301\u6027\u7531 \u03b3 \u4e0e\u56de\u8def\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u25a1<\/p>\n<h4>6.4 \u884d\u751f\u63a8\u8bba<\/h4>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 5\u2032&#xff08;\u7070\u5ea6\u4e0e\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u4e92\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u6620\u5c04&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u516c\u7406 B&#xff08;\u56e0\u679c\u5f3a\u5ea6 \u2208[0,1] \u8fde\u7eed&#xff0c;\u65e0\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u56e0\u4ea6\u65e0\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u975e\u56e0&#xff09;\u4e0e\u547d\u9898 1&#xff08;p(t)&gt;0&#xff09;\u5728\u6620\u5c04 \u03c6 \u4e0b\u4e92\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u903b\u8f91\u4e92\u63a8\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u5219\u54f2\u5b66\u516c\u7406&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5219\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63a8\u8bba&#xff0c;\u5b9a\u4e49\u57df\u4e0d\u540c&#xff1b;\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7&#xff1a;\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u56e0&#xff0c;\u4ea6\u65e0\u975e\u679c\u201d \u21d0\u21d2 \u201c\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u4e5f\u6709&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u63a8\u8bba 6\u2032&#xff1a;\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u56de\u8def\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u5faa\u73af\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u6570 \u03bc &#061; |E|\u2212|V|&#043;c&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d c \u4e3a\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u6570\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56de\u8def\u627f\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u9879&#xff0c;\u56de\u8def\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u6548\u5e94\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>6.5 &#034;\u6df7\u6c8c&#034;\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<h3>\u672c\u6587\u4e2d&#034;\u6df7\u6c8c&#034;\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7acb\u573a&#xff0c;\u8868\u5f81\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u503c\u654f\u611f\u6027\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53cd\u9988\u7279\u5f81&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97 Lyapunov \u6307\u6570&#xff0c;\u672a\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u521d\u503c\u654f\u611f&#xff0c;\u76f8\u5173\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e3a\u5f85\u68c0\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u516c\u7406 C \u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c3d\u7b97\u6027\u5185\u6db5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/h3>\n<h3>7 \u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u62d2\u7edd\u57df<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e03\u6761\u9884\u6d4b\u5747\u7ed9\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff0c;\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5426\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u5373\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u547d\u9898\u7684\u53cd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.1 \u9884\u6d4b\u4e00&#xff1a;\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u4f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u643a\u5e26\u9690\u6027\u6709\u5bb3\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u4e16\u4ee3\u5185\u964d\u81f3\u96f6&#xff0c;\u800c\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u89c2\u6d4b 50 \u4ee3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21 N_e&gt;1000 \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u67d0\u9690\u6027\u6709\u5bb3\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u964d\u81f3 10\u207b\u2076 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u5347&#xff0c;\u5219\u547d\u9898 1 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.2 \u9884\u6d4b\u4e8c&#xff1a;\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u4e24\u4e2a\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u4f46\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4 \u03b2 \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4&#xff0c;\u5176\u6027\u72b6\u9891\u7387\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540e&#xff0c;\u03b2 \u76f8\u540c\u800c\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5dee 10 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4&#xff0c;\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387&#xff08;\u5dee\u5f02\u8d85\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6f02\u53d8 3 \u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5219\u547d\u9898 2 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.3 \u9884\u6d4b\u4e09&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7ef4\u6301\u9608\u503c<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u5f53\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u7ec4\u5408 R_0 &#061; 2mN_e\/(1&#043;\u03b3) &gt; 1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u6027\u72b6\u53ef\u5728\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301&#xff1b;\u5f53 R_0 &lt; 1 \u65f6&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u9010\u6e10\u8870\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728 R_0 &gt; 1 \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u6587\u5316\u6027\u72b6\u6301\u7eed\u8870\u51cf\u81f3\u6d88\u5931&#xff0c;\u6216\u5728 R_0 &lt; 1 \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u6587\u5316\u6027\u72b6\u81ea\u53d1\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u6269\u6563&#xff0c;\u5219\u547d\u9898 3 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.4 \u9884\u6d4b\u56db&#xff1a;\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\u6536\u7f29<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u6210\u529f\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u652f\u6301\u7f3a\u5931\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4e0b\u964d&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4e0b\u964d\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d8b\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728\u8d8b\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u540c\u671f&#xff0c;\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u79cd\u7fa4\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f\u4e0d\u964d\u53cd\u5347&#xff0c;\u6216\u4e0b\u964d\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8d8b\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u5173&#xff0c;\u5219\u63a8\u8bba 7 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.5 \u9884\u6d4b\u4e94&#xff1a;\u89c2\u5ff5\u957f\u5c3e\u584c\u7f29<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7ade\u4e89\u5448\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027&#xff08;\u03c3&gt;1&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u89c2\u5ff5\u5206\u5e03\u5448\u5e42\u5f8b&#xff0c;\u6392\u540d\u9760\u540e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u603b\u6743\u91cd\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728 \u03c3&gt;1 \u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u957f\u5c3e\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u603b\u6743\u91cd\u5360\u6bd4\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e42\u5f8b\u9884\u6d4b\u503c&#xff08;\u5982\u8d85\u8fc7 5%&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5219\u63a8\u8bba 11 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.6 \u9884\u6d4b\u516d&#xff1a;\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u9ad8\u6760\u6746\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236\u538b\u5236\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d&#xff0c;&#034;\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u7528&#034;\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e94\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff1a;\u82e5\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u63a8\u5e7f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02&#xff0c;\u6216\u63a8\u5e7f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u5219\u63a8\u8bba 15 \u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>7.7 \u9884\u6d4b\u4e03&#xff1a;\u6846\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u52a3\u8d28\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u9884\u6d4b&#xff1a;\u6846\u786c\u5ea6 \u03bc 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\u52a0\u6743\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027<\/h4>\n<p>\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u5e76\u975e\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u7fa4\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u5426\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u9002\u7528\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u9009\u62e9\u6781\u9650&#xff08;\u03b2\u2192\u221e&#xff09;\u3001\u79cd\u7fa4\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u4e16\u4ee3\u91cd\u53e0\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u6062\u590d\u6210\u7acb&#xff1b;\u5728\u5f31\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u591a\u6027\u72b6\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u663e\u8457\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u52a0\u6743\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u66ff\u4ee3\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>8.2 \u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879 K(x,C) &#061; \u03b3\u00b7x\u00b7C\/(1&#043;C) 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\u4ece\u79cd\u7fa4\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u9650\u5ea6<\/h4>\n<p>\u5c06\u79cd\u7fa4\u6f14\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u9650\u5ea6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u4ee5\u4e16\u4ee3\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u4ee5\u5e74\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u4f53\u5f02\u8d28\u6027&#xff1a;\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u610f\u56fe\u6027\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u6027&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u52a0\u6743\u52a8\u529b\u5b66&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u884c\u6027&#xff1a;\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd \u03b2 \u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5219\u53d7\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>8.4 \u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\u6784\u6210\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879 K(x,C) 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\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u6d41\u901a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u603b\u6d4b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u89c2\u5ff5\u573a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u53ef\u6d4b\u523b\u753b&#xff0c;\u662f\u672c\u6587\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u54f2\u5b66\u5b58\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u540c\u6784&#xff1a;\u56e0\u679c\u65e0\u5355\u94fe\u5bf9\u5e94\u6f14\u5316\u65e0\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u679c&#xff0c;\u7070\u5ea6\u65e0\u4e8c\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u91cd\u975e\u5f52\u96f6&#xff0c;\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c3d\u7b97\u5bf9\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u503c\u654f\u611f\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e03\u6761\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u9884\u6d4b\u53ca\u5176\u62d2\u7edd\u57df&#xff0c;\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u4e94\u7c7b\u5931\u6548\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5931\u6548\u7684\u7406\u8bba&#xff0c;\u624d\u53eb\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>10 \u7ed3\u8bed&#xff1a;\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u6f14\u5316\u6846\u67b6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u6f14\u5316\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff0c;\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec&#xff1a;\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u5728&#034;\u6dd8\u6c70&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u5728\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u518d\u5206\u914d&#xff1b;\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u8f93\u8d62&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.1 \u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u542f\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u89e3&#034;\u9002\u5e94&#034;\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u6807\u7b7e&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6bd4\u503c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u72b6\u662f\u5426&#034;\u9002\u5e94&#034;&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u6027\u6027\u72b6\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u7559&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u6210\u529f\u6807\u51c6\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u538b\u4f4e\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d&#034;\u5e72\u9884&#034;\u3002\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5e94\u662f&#034;\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u8d62&#034;&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4fee\u590d\u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8ba9 \u03c3 \u56de\u5230 1\u3001\u8ba9\u5165\u53e3 J_i \u6062\u590d\u975e\u96f6\u3001\u8ba9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u901a\u6027 m\u00b7\u03bb\u2082(L) \u538b\u8fc7\u9057\u5fd8 \u03b4\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4fee\u590d&#xff0c;\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6276\u6301\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u89c2\u5ff5\u66f4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e09&#xff0c;\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6&#034;\u65f6\u95f4&#034;\u3002\u584c\u9677\u5feb\u3001\u4fee\u590d\u6162&#xff0c;\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u540e\u679c&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u590d\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5&#034;\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba&#034;\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u5355\u4f4d\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u800c\u975e\u8ffd\u6c42\u77ed\u671f\u89c1\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.2 \u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u884c\u52a8<\/h4>\n<p>\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e03\u6761\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u9884\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u4f2a\u5de5\u5177&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u76d1\u6d4b\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u9690\u6027\u6709\u5bb3\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u4f0f&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0d\u540c\u7e41\u6b96\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u6f02\u79fb\u901f\u7387&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u6587\u5316\u6027\u72b6\u5728 R_0 \u9608\u503c\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u8870\u51cf&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u9608\u503c\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u8d8b\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u610f\u613f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\u6536\u7f29&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u957f\u5c3e\u6743\u91cd&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u6548\u5e94&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9ad8\u6760\u6746\u6dd8\u6c70&#xff1b;<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u6d4b\u6846\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u6846\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52a3\u8d28\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u5957&#034;\u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6&#034;\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u540c\u65f6\u504f\u79bb\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u626d\u66f2&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.3 \u6846\u67b6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u9650\u5b9a<\/h4>\n<p>\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5212\u51fa\u4e94\u7c7b\u5931\u6548\u6761\u4ef6&#xff1b;\u5b83\u4e0d\u9884\u8bbe\u4f18\u52a3\u5224\u65ad&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u7eaf\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u51fa\u53d1&#xff1b;\u5b83\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u7edd\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f2a\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5931\u6548\u7684\u7406\u8bba&#xff0c;\u624d\u53eb\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u51fd\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5c42\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8026\u5408\u3001\u591a\u5c40\u57df\u79cd\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u4f4e\u6743\u91cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u6761\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>10.4 \u6700\u540e\u7684\u6ce8\u811a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6f14\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u56e0\u679c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efd\u6743\u91cd&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u3001\u9759\u9ed8\u5730\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u5f20\u7f51&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u547d\u8fd0&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u770b\u6e05\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u7f51\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h3>\n<p>[1] Wright, S. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics, 1931, 16(2): 97\u2013159.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Fisher, R. A. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930.<\/p>\n<p>[3] Kimura, M. On the probability of fixation of mutant genes in a population. Genetics, 1962, 47(6): 713\u2013719.<\/p>\n<p>[4] Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Feldman, M. W. Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Boyd, R., Richerson, P. J. Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Nowak, M. A. Evolutionary Dynamics: Exploring the Equations of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u738b\u78ca, \u5143\u5143. \u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u54f2\u5b66&#xff1a;\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2. \u672a\u520a\u7a3f.<\/p>\n<p>[8] \u8fbe\u5c14\u6587. \u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90. \u5468\u5efa\u4eba, \u53f6\u7b03\u5e84, \u65b9\u5b97\u7199 \u8bd1. \u5317\u4eac: \u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986, 1995.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u9644\u5f55 A&#xff1a;\u7b26\u53f7\u8868<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7b26\u53f7\u542b\u4e49\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b2<\/td>\n<td>\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4&#xff08;A \u7c7b\u4e0e B \u7c7b\u5e73\u5747\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>p_t<\/td>\n<td>\u7b2c t \u4ee3 A \u7c7b\u6027\u72b6\u9891\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N_e<\/td>\n<td>\u6709\u6548\u79cd\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>m<\/td>\n<td>\u8fc1\u79fb\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b3<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u76ca<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>R_0<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u9608\u503c\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;R_0 &#061; 2mN_e\/(1&#043;\u03b3)<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03bb\u2082(L)<\/td>\n<td>\u8fc1\u79fb\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u8fde\u901a\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>3.2 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>3.3 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\u2070<\/td>\n<td>\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7ebf\u7e41\u6b96\u6743\u91cd<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>K(x,C)<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u9879<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03c3<\/td>\n<td>\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u6307\u6570<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03bc<\/td>\n<td>\u6846\u786c\u5ea6&#xff08;\u89c2\u70b9\u8d8a\u6846\u540e\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u8870\u51cf\u7387&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<td>\u6846\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6&#xff08;\u53ef\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b9\u5411\u6570&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V<\/td>\n<td>\u6846\u7684\u4f53\u79ef&#xff08;\u53ef\u6d41\u901a\u89c2\u5ff5\u603b\u6d4b\u5ea6&#xff09;<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>c_th<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u89c1\u9608\u503c<\/td>\n<td>4.6 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03c1<\/td>\n<td>\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316&#xff08;\u590d\u5229&#xff09;\u7cfb\u6570<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b8<\/td>\n<td>\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;\u95e8\u69db&#xff09;\u7cfb\u6570<\/td>\n<td>4.5 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03ba<\/td>\n<td>\u8bae\u9898\u96c6\u5916\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cfb\u6570<\/td>\n<td>4.6 \u8282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b7<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b4<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u9057\u5fd8\u901f\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>J<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165<\/td>\n<td>\u5f0f(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u9644\u5f55 B&#xff1a;\u5168\u6587\u63a8\u8bba\u4e0e\u547d\u9898\u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\u7f16\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u7ae0\u8282<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u9898 1<\/td>\n<td>\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027<\/td>\n<td>2.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u9898 2<\/td>\n<td>\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u9898 3<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u9608\u503c<\/td>\n<td>3.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b9a\u7406 4<\/td>\n<td>\u6f14\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7070\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u540c\u6784\u5b9a\u7406<\/td>\n<td>6.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 1<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u4e8c\u503c\u5206\u754c<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 2<\/td>\n<td>\u6bd4\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 3<\/td>\n<td>\u6162\u901f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 4<\/td>\n<td>\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u901f\u7387\u89e3\u8026<\/td>\n<td>2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 5<\/td>\n<td>N_e \u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528 \/ \u7070\u5ea6\u4e0e\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u4e92\u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u6620\u5c04<\/td>\n<td>2.3 \/ 6.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 6<\/td>\n<td>\u62d3\u6251\u540e\u679c \/ \u5faa\u73af\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u6570<\/td>\n<td>3.1 \/ 6.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 7<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7e41\u6b96\u6536\u7f29<\/td>\n<td>4.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 8<\/td>\n<td>\u6587\u5316\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u6291\u5236\u6548\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>4.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 9<\/td>\n<td>\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>4.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 10<\/td>\n<td>\u5165\u53e3\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u4e58\u6027\u6548\u5e94<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 11<\/td>\n<td>\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u89c2\u5ff5\u957f\u5c3e\u584c\u7f29<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 12<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9a\u4e49\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6307\u95ed\u73af<\/td>\n<td>4.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 13<\/td>\n<td>\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u6761\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 14<\/td>\n<td>\u590d\u5229\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 15<\/td>\n<td>&#034;\u6709\u7528&#034;\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5e8f\u5012\u7f6e<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 16<\/td>\n<td>\u7b56\u7565\u7a7a\u95f4\u574d\u7f29\u7684\u4ee3\u9645\u6ede\u540e<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 17<\/td>\n<td>\u6846\u786c\u5ea6\u4e0e\u89c2\u5ff5\u52a3\u8d28\u5316\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4<\/td>\n<td>4.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a8\u8bba 18<\/td>\n<td>\u584c\u9677\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0<\/td>\n<td>4.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u9644\u5f55 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ms\\&#8221;,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"edgeLabel\"><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1 \u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1.1 \u5c3a\u5ea6\u9519\u7f6e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1.2 &#039;\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df&#039;\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u5c40\u9650<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>1.3 &#039;\u6df7\u6c8c&#039;\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5b9a\u4f4d&#xff08;\u5148\u884c\u58f0\u660e&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2 \u4e2a\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u79cd\u7fa4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2.1 \u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6620\u5c04&#xff1a;\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u5230\u79cd\u7fa4\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u547d\u9898 1&#xff1a;\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u975e\u5f52\u96f6\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2.3 \u547d\u9898 2&#xff1a;\u6f14\u5316\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span class=\"nodeLabel\"><\/p>\n<p>2.4 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