{"id":112612,"date":"2026-10-04T08:09:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T00:09:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/112612.html"},"modified":"2026-10-04T08:09:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T00:09:09","slug":"%e4%b8%8a%e7%bd%91%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e5%8d%81%e4%b9%9d%e8%af%be%ef%bc%9atcp-%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%af%e9%9d%a0%e6%80%a7-%e6%bb%91%e5%8a%a8%e7%aa%97%e5%8f%a3%e3%80%81%e9%87%8d%e4%bc%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/112612.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0a\u7f51\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u8bfe\uff1aTCP \u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u4e0e\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7528\u6237\u8bf4：\u201c\u6211 200G \u7684\u7ebf\u8def，\u4e0a\u4f20\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u600e\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u51e0 M？\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u4e00\u67e5，\u94fe\u8def\u6ca1\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u5149\u8870\u6b63\u5e38，\u4f46\u4e0a\u884c\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u2014\u20148%\u3002TCP \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e22\u5305\u5c31"\u8e29\u5239\u8f66\u201d，\u628a\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece\u51e0\u767e Mbps \u4e00\u8def\u6253\u5230\u51e0 Mbps\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u628a TCP \u7684"\u53c8\u7a33\u53c8\u9632\u649e"\u9a7e\u9a76\u6280\u672f\u8bb2\u900f：\u5b83\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fdd\u8bc1"\u4e0d\u4e22\u4e0d\u6f0f\u201d，\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u901f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"TCP\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u5757\u57fa\u77f3：\u5e8f\u53f7 + \u786e\u8ba4 + \u91cd\u4f20<\/h3>\n

TCP \u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f：\u5e95\u5c42\u7ebf\u8def\u4f1a\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u4f1a\u4e71\u5e8f\u3001\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e0a\u9762\u4fdd\u8bc1"\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u591a\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c11\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8"\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u9760\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u4ef6\u5957：<\/p>\n\n\u673a\u5236\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5e8f\u53f7（SEQ）<\/td>\n\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7f16\u53f7，\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u6309\u53f7\u62fc\u88c5\u3001\u67e5\u6f0f<\/td>\n\u5feb\u9012\u5355\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u786e\u8ba4（ACK）<\/td>\n\u6536\u65b9\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u65b9"\u4f60\u53d1\u5230\u7b2c\u51e0\u53f7\u4e86"<\/td>\n\u7b7e\u6536\u56de\u6267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u91cd\u4f20<\/td>\n\u8d85\u65f6\u6ca1\u56de\u6267\u5c31\u8865\u53d1<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u7b7e\u6536\u5c31\u518d\u5bc4\u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u4e09\u8005\u914d\u5408：\u53d1\u65b9\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u53f7\u5bc4\u51fa，\u6536\u65b9\u6309\u53f7\u7b7e\u6536\u5e76\u56de\u62a5，\u53d1\u65b9\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u7b7e\u6536\u5c31\u91cd\u53d1\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u91cd\u4e0d\u6f0f\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3：\u4ece"\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bc4"\u5230"\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u53d1\u8d27"<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ef6\u7b49\u786e\u8ba4\u518d\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ef6，\u901f\u5ea6\u592a\u6162\u3002TCP \u7528\u7684\u662f\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3：\u4e00\u6b21\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6279\u6570\u636e"\u5728\u8def\u4e0a"，\u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u56fe\u89e3\"<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3：\u53d1\u65b9\u5141\u8bb8"\u5728\u9014\u672a\u786e\u8ba4"\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650，\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u968f\u786e\u8ba4\u5230\u6765\u4e0d\u65ad"\u5411\u524d\u6ed1\u52a8"；<\/li>\n
  • \u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3：\u6536\u65b9\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u65b9"\u6211\u8fd8\u80fd\u6536\u591a\u5c11"，\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236（\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u51cf\u5c0f\u7a97\u53e3，\u903c\u53d1\u65b9\u653e\u6162）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9：\u7a97\u53e3 = \u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u65f6"\u5728\u9ad8\u901f\u4e0a\u8dd1"\u7684\u8f66\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8def\u51b5\u597d\u3001\u5bf9\u65b9\u541e\u5410\u5feb，\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u5927；\u4e22\u5305\u4e86\u3001\u5bf9\u65b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765，\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5c0f\u7a8d\u95e8：\u7f51\u901f"\u5148\u5feb\u540e\u6162"\u6216\u8005"\u8dd1\u4e0d\u6ee1"，\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u662f\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0d\u591f，\u800c\u662f\u7a97\u53e3\u6ca1\u6491\u5f00（\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9ad8\u65f6\u7a97\u53e3\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u624d\u80fd\u8dd1\u6ee1\u5e26\u5bbd）\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u59ff\u52bf：\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20 vs \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20<\/h3>\n

    \u2460 \u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20（Timeout）：\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u540e，\u8d85\u8fc7\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6（RTO）\u6ca1\u6536\u5230 ACK \u5c31\u91cd\u53d1\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u767d\u7b49\u5f88\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u2461 \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20（Fast Retransmit）：\u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u8d85\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u6536\u5230 3 \u4e2a\u91cd\u590d ACK（\u4e00\u76f4\u8bf4"\u6211\u8fd8\u5728\u7b49\u7b2c N \u53f7"），\u53d1\u65b9\u7acb\u523b\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c N \u53f7\u4e22\u4e86，\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8865\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3 TCP \u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

    SACK（\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4） \u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65：\u6536\u65b9\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u65b9"\u54ea\u4e9b\u5230\u4e86\u3001\u7f3a\u54ea\u4e9b"，\u53d1\u65b9\u53ea\u91cd\u4f20\u7f3a\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u6bb5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u6bb5\u91cd\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u5bc4\u4e86 100 \u4ef6\u8d27\u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6，\u53ea\u8865\u90a3\u4e00\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236：\u5728"\u5feb"\u548c"\u7a33"\u4e4b\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u627e\u5e73\u8861<\/h3>\n

    TCP \u4e0d\u80fd\u5149\u81ea\u5df1\u5feb，\u8fd8\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u6574\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u627f\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a"\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3（cwnd）"\u6765\u611f\u77e5\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u91cf，\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

    \"\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u66f2\u7ebf\"<\/p>\n

  • \u6162\u542f\u52a8（Slow Start）：\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u50cf"\u8bd5\u6c34\u6e29"，\u7a97\u53e3\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u6307\u6570\u7ffb\u500d，\u5feb\u901f\u63a2\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u9650；<\/li>\n
  • \u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d（Congestion Avoidance）：\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f，\u4e0d\u518d\u6fc0\u8fdb；<\/li>\n
  • \u5feb\u6062\u590d（Fast Recovery）：\u4e00\u65e6\u4e22\u5305（\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u5835\u4fe1\u53f7），\u7a97\u53e3\u780d\u534a\u751a\u81f3\u56de 1，\u518d\u6162\u6162\u722c\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd：TCP \u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684，\u800c\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7684"\u8138\u8272"\u8d70\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u4e22\u5305\u5c31\u8bd5\u63a2\u52a0\u901f，\u4e00\u4e22\u5305\u5c31\u679c\u65ad\u51cf\u901f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u9ad8\u65f6，\u4f60\u7f51\u901f\u4f1a"\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f"\u4e0b\u964d：\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u9650\u901f，\u662f TCP \u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u88c5\u7ef4\u89c6\u89d2：\u4e22\u5305\u6392\u969c\u4e09\u677f\u65a7<\/h3>\n

    \u2460 \u770b\u4e22\u5305\u7387：ping -n 100 \u76ee\u6807\u770b loss%；\u6216\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7528 MTR（WinMTR） \u9010\u8df3\u770b，\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e22\u5305\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u8df3\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u2461 \u533a\u5206"\u4e22\u5305"\u4e0e"\u5047\u4e22\u5305"：\u6709\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5728 ping \u6d41\u91cf\u9ad8\u65f6\u4e0d\u56de\u663e（\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305），\u4f1a\u663e\u793a"\u4e22\u5305"\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u6ca1\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u7528 TCP \u5efa\u8fde\u6d4b\u8bd5（curl \u91cd\u590d\u8bf7\u6c42）\u9a8c\u8bc1\u771f\u5b9e\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u2462 \u4e22\u5305\u9ad8\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e：\u5148\u5206\u8d23\u4efb（\u6709\u7ebf\u76f4\u8fde vs WiFi\u3001\u591a\u65f6\u6bb5\u5bf9\u6bd4），\u6392\u9664\u5bb6\u91cc\u8bbe\u5907；\u518d\u9010\u8df3\u5b9a\u4f4d，\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u67d0\u6bb5\u94fe\u8def\u62e5\u585e\u5c31\u62a5\u969c；\u5bf9\u5916\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u4e22\u5305，\u6362\u4f18\u8d28\u7ebf\u8def\/\u52a0\u901f\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u662f\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u53ef\u9760\u6027 = \u5e8f\u53f7 + \u786e\u8ba4 + \u91cd\u4f20，\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u8ba9"\u4e00\u8fb9\u7b49\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u8fb9\u53d1"\u6210\u4e3a\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf；<\/li>\n
    • \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20 + \u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4，\u628a"\u91cd\u53d1\u635f\u5931"\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e；<\/li>\n
    • \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u8ba9 TCP \u5b66\u4f1a\u770b\u8138\u8272\u5f00\u8f66：\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u8bd5\u6c34\u6e29\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u5373\u51cf\u901f\u2014\u2014\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u9ad8\u65f6\u7f51\u901f\u53d8\u6162，\u662f\u534f\u8bae\u5728"\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4"\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u601d\u8003\u9898：\u5185\u7f51\u76f4\u8fde\u4e24\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4f20\u5927\u6587\u4ef6，\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ea\u6709 1ms，\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 20MB\/s\u3002\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u7f51\u7ebf\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5728\u54ea？（\u63d0\u793a：\u5148\u60f3"\u7a97\u53e3"\u2014\u2014\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u7a97\u53e3\u5374\u5c0f，\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u6ca1\u8c03\u5927；\u518d\u60f3"\u5355\u6d41"\u2014\u2014TCP \u5355\u6d41\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u6709\u74f6\u9888\u3002）<\/p>\n

      \u4e0b\u671f\u9884\u544a<\/h3>\n

      TCP \u53c8\u7a33\u53c8\u667a\u80fd，\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f"\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u3001\u6162\u534a\u62cd"\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5feb，\u5b83\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0a\u3002\u660e\u5929\u5f00\u8bb2：UDP \u4e0e QUIC\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0d\u5361，\u662f\u5b83\u4fe9\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u7528\u6237\u8bf4：\u201c\u6211 200G \u7684\u7ebf\u8def，\u4e0a\u4f20\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u600e\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u51e0 M？\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u4e00\u67e5，\u94fe\u8def\u6ca1\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u5149\u8870\u6b63\u5e38，\u4f46\u4e0a\u884c\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u2014\u20148%\u3002TCP \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e22\u5305\u5c31\\”\u8e29\u5239\u8f66\u201d，\u628a\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece\u51e0\u767e Mbps \u4e00\u8def\u6253\u5230\u51e0 Mbps\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u628a TCP \u7684\\”\u53c8\u7a33\u53c8\u9632\u649e\\”\u9a7e\u9a76\u6280\u672f\u8bb2\u900f：\u5b83\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fdd\u8bc1\\”\u4e0d\u4e22\u4e0d\u6f0f\u201d，\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u901f\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u5757\u57fa\u77f3：\u5e8f\u53f7 \u786e\u8ba4 \u91cd\u4f20
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