{"id":112509,"date":"2026-10-03T21:32:50","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/112509.html"},"modified":"2026-10-03T21:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:32:50","slug":"%e5%93%88%e5%b8%8c%e7%a2%b0%e6%92%9e%e6%94%bb%e5%87%bb%e5%85%a8%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8emd5%e5%88%b0sha1%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%bc%94%e8%bf%9b%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/112509.html","title":{"rendered":"\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u5168\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4eceMD5\u5230SHA1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f14\u8fdb\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"

MD5 \u88ab\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u653b\u7834\u5df2\u7ecf 20 \u5e74\u4e86，SHA1 \u88ab Google \u653b\u7834\u4e5f\u5feb 10 \u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e？\u751f\u65e5\u6096\u8bba\u548c\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb？\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7b7e\u540d？\u672c\u6587\u628a\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u4e49\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e<\/h3>\n

\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e（Hash Collision）\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165，\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8f93\u5165 A \u2260 \u8f93\u5165 B
\n\u4f46 hash(A) = hash(B)<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684（\u6bd4\u5982 SHA256 \u662f 256 \u4f4d），\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9e3d\u5de2\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u9650\u4e2a\u9e3d\u5b50\u98de\u8fdb\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u9e3d\u7b3c，\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u53ea\u9e3d\u5b50\u6324\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b3c\u5b50\u91cc\u3002\u78b0\u649e\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684，\u53ea\u662f\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u65e5\u6096\u8bba：\u78b0\u649e\u6982\u7387\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n

\u751f\u65e5\u6096\u8bba（Birthday Paradox）：\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a 23 \u4eba\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u91cc，\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7 50%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u2014\u201423 \u4e2a\u4eba\u3001365 \u5929，\u6982\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u4f4e\u5427？\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

n \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u65e5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387：
\nP(n) = 1 – 365\/365 \u00d7 364\/365 \u00d7 363\/365 \u00d7 … \u00d7 (365-n+1)\/365<\/p>\n

n = 23 \u2192 P \u2248 50.7%
\nn = 57 \u2192 P \u2248 99%
\nn = 70 \u2192 P \u2248 99.9%<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u76f4\u89c9：\u4e0d\u662f"\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u751f\u65e5"\u7684\u6982\u7387，\u800c\u662f"\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u751f\u65e5"\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002 23 \u4e2a\u4eba\u6709 23\u00d722\/2 = 253 \u5bf9\u7ec4\u5408，\u6bcf\u5bf9\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e<\/h4>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e N \u4f4d\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570（\u6709 2^N \u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa），\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5bf9\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u671f\u671b\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a 2^(N\/2) \u6b21：<\/p>\n\n\u7b97\u6cd5\u8f93\u51fa\u4f4d\u6570\u78b0\u649e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6（\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb）\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
MD5<\/td>\n128 \u4f4d<\/td>\n2^64 \u2248 1.8\u00d710^19 \u6b21<\/td>\n\u73b0\u4ee3 GPU \u96c6\u7fa4\u51e0\u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHA-1<\/td>\n160 \u4f4d<\/td>\n2^80 \u2248 1.2\u00d710^24 \u6b21<\/td>\n\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHA-256<\/td>\n256 \u4f4d<\/td>\n2^128 \u2248 3.4\u00d710^38 \u6b21<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHA-512<\/td>\n512 \u4f4d<\/td>\n2^256 \u2248 1.2\u00d710^77 \u6b21<\/td>\n\u5b87\u5b99\u7ea7\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0b\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5206\u6790\u653b\u51fb（\u5229\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u7f3a\u9677）\u6548\u7387\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u79cd\u78b0\u649e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

1. \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb（Collision Attack）<\/h4>\n

\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165 A \u548c B，\u6ee1\u8db3 hash(A) = hash(B)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u76ee\u6807：\u627e\u5230 A \u2260 B，hash(A) = hash(B)
\n\u96be\u5ea6：2^(n\/2)（\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb）<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：
\n– \u4f2a\u9020\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d（\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u54c8\u5e0c\u76f8\u540c）
\n– \u8bc1\u4e66\u4f2a\u9020<\/p>\n

2. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u539f\u50cf\u653b\u51fb（Second Preimage Attack）<\/h4>\n

\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u8f93\u5165 A，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u627e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165 B，\u6ee1\u8db3 hash(A) = hash(B)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u76ee\u6807：\u7ed9\u5b9a A，\u627e\u5230 B \u2260 A，hash(A) = hash(B)
\n\u96be\u5ea6：2^n（\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e）<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f：
\n– \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u6587\u4ef6，\u627e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u54c8\u5e0c
\n– \u6bd4\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u96be\u5f97\u591a<\/p>\n

\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u539f\u50cf\u653b\u51fb\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u591a\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u662f"\u627e\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u5bf9"，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u539f\u50cf\u662f"\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a"\u3002<\/p>\n

MD5 \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u7834\u53f2<\/h3>\n

2004 \u5e74：\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7a81\u7834<\/h4>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5bb6\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u56e2\u961f\u5728 CRYPTO 2004 \u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03：\u627e\u5230\u4e86 MD5 \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d，\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a MD5 \u7684\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a 2^64（\u751f\u65e5\u653b\u51fb\u4e0b\u754c），\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u78b0\u649e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u5230\u4e86 2^39 \u6b21\u8fd0\u7b97\u2014\u2014\u5728\u666e\u901a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5bf9\u78b0\u649e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u5dee\u5206\u5bc6\u7801\u5206\u6790（Differential Cryptanalysis）\u2014\u2014\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165，\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u591a\u8f6e\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u88ab"\u63a7\u5236"，\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u5904\u62b5\u6d88\u3002<\/p>\n

2008 \u5e74：\u4f2a\u9020 SSL \u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n

2008 \u5e74，\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5229\u7528 MD5 \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb，\u4f2a\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684 CA \u8bc1\u4e66：<\/p>\n

\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\u8bf7\u6c42（CSR）：
\nCSR-A: \u6b63\u5e38\u57df\u540d \u2192 \u5411 CA \u7533\u8bf7\u8bc1\u4e66 \u2192 CA \u7528 MD5 \u7b7e\u540d \u2192 \u5f97\u5230\u5408\u6cd5\u8bc1\u4e66
\nCSR-B: \u6076\u610f\u57df\u540d \u2192 \u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684 MD5 \u503c \u2192 \u540c\u6837\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u4e5f\u5408\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c：\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7528 CSR-A \u62ff\u5230 CA \u7b7e\u540d，\u628a\u7b7e\u540d\u88c5\u5230 CSR-B \u4e0a
\n \u2192 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u610f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e1a\u754c\u4ece MD5 \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 SHA256\u3002<\/p>\n

2012 \u5e74：\u706b\u7130\u75c5\u6bd2（Flame）<\/h4>\n

Flame \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u8f6f\u4ef6，\u5b83\u7528 MD5 \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u4f2a\u9020\u4e86\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66，\u8ba9\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u5fae\u8f6f\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Flame \u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d：
\n– \u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u8005: Microsoft Terminal Services Licensing
\n– \u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5: md5RSA
\n– \u5229\u7528 MD5 \u78b0\u649e\u4f2a\u9020\u4e86\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7d27\u6025\u53d1\u5e03\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u544a，\u7981\u7528 MD5 \u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

SHA-1 \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u7834\u53f2<\/h3>\n

2005 \u5e74：\u7406\u8bba\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n

\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u56e2\u961f\u518d\u63a5\u518d\u5389，\u516c\u5e03\u4e86 SHA-1 \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb，\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7ea6 2^69 \u6b21\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5b9e\u6218\u80fd\u529b，\u4f46 SHA-1 \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

NIST \u968f\u540e\u5ba3\u5e03：2010 \u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8054\u90a6\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528 SHA-1\u3002<\/p>\n

2017 \u5e74：SHAttered\u2014\u2014Google \u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u78b0\u649e<\/h4>\n

Google \u548c CWI Amsterdam \u8054\u5408\u516c\u5e03\u4e86 SHAttered \u653b\u51fb\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f00\u7684 SHA-1 \u78b0\u649e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46 SHA-1 \u76f8\u540c\u7684 PDF \u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6 A: shattered-1.pdf \u2192 SHA-1: 38762cf7f55934b34d179ae6a4c80cadccbb7f0a
\n\u6587\u4ef6 B: shattered-2.pdf \u2192 SHA-1: 38762cf7f55934b34d179ae6a4c80cadccbb7f0a<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a PDF \u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c，\u4f46 SHA-1 \u54c8\u5e0c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u653b\u51fb\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u6e90？<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf：\u7ea6 9,223,372,036,854,775,808（2^63）\u6b21 SHA-1 \u8fd0\u7b97<\/li>\n
  • \u7528 Google \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u82b1\u4e86\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n
  • \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a GPU \u7b97 100 \u5e74<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    SHAttered \u7684\u610f\u4e49：SHA-1 \u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168，\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u6218\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u653b\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

    2020 \u5e74：\u9009\u62e9\u524d\u7f00\u78b0\u649e<\/h4>\n

    2020 \u5e74，\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 SHA-1 \u9009\u62e9\u524d\u7f00\u78b0\u649e（Chosen-Prefix Collision）\u653b\u51fb，\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3 2^63.1 \u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u9009\u62e9\u524d\u7f00\u78b0\u649e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u7f00（\u6bd4\u5982\u4e24\u4efd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6b63\u6587），\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u7f00\u4f7f\u4e24\u8005\u54c8\u5e0c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u4efb\u610f\u78b0\u649e\u5a01\u80c1\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    SHA-256 \u5b89\u5168\u5417？<\/h3>\n

    \u76ee\u524d（2026 \u5e74）SHA-256 \u4ecd\u7136\u5b89\u5168：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u7684 SHA-256 \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb<\/li>\n
    • \u6700\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u653b\u51fb\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5f31\u5316\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55<\/li>\n
    • 2^128 \u7684\u78b0\u649e\u6297\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u8db3\u591f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bf9 SHA-256 \u7684\u5f71\u54cd：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Grover \u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece 2^n \u964d\u5230 2^(n\/2)<\/li>\n
      • \u4f46 SHA-256 \u7684 2^128 \u78b0\u649e\u6297\u6027\u5373\u4f7f\u6253\u5bf9\u6298，\u4ecd\u7136\u662f 2^64\u2014\u2014\u8db3\u591f\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n
      • \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b，RSA\/ECC \u7b49\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u53d7\u91cf\u5b50\u5a01\u80c1\u66f4\u5927（Shor \u7b97\u6cd5）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7b7e\u540d<\/h3>\n

        \u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d（\u5982 RSA\u3001ECDSA）\u4e0d\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u7b7e\u540d，\u800c\u662f\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u6587\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c，\u518d\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b7e\u540d\u8fc7\u7a0b：
        \n\u539f\u6587 \u2192 SHA256 \u2192 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c \u2192 RSA \u79c1\u94a5\u7b7e\u540d \u2192 \u7b7e\u540d<\/p>\n

        \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b：
        \n\u539f\u6587 \u2192 SHA256 \u2192 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c
        \n\u7b7e\u540d \u2192 RSA \u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1 \u2192 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c
        \n\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4 \u2192 \u4e00\u81f4\u5219\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7<\/p>\n

        \u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0：<\/p>\n

      • \u6548\u7387：RSA \u5bf9\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7b7e\u540d\u975e\u5e38\u6162\u3002\u5148\u54c8\u5e0c\u6210 256 \u4f4d，\u518d\u5bf9 256 \u4f4d\u7b7e\u540d，\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u5f97\u591a<\/li>\n
      • \u5b89\u5168\u6027：\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u7b7e\u540d，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6587\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f4d（\u586b\u5145\u4f4d\u7b49）\u800c\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b7e\u540d，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86"\u7b7e\u540d = \u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u627f\u8bfa"<\/li>\n

        \u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u5a01\u80c1：\u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u78b0\u649e，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

        1. \u6784\u9020\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46\u54c8\u5e0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u6863：Doc-A \u548c Doc-B
        \n2. \u8ba9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5bf9 Doc-A \u7b7e\u540d（\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4efd\u6b63\u5e38\u5408\u540c）
        \n3. \u628a\u7b7e\u540d\u7c98\u5230 Doc-B \u4e0a（\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4efd\u5bf9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5408\u540c）
        \n4. \u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ecd\u7136\u901a\u8fc7\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 MD5 \u548c SHA-1 \u88ab\u653b\u7834\u540e，\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 SHA-256\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5404\u7b97\u6cd5\u78b0\u649e\u6297\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf<\/h3>\n

        1992 MD5 \u53d1\u5e03
        \n2004 \u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u653b\u7834 MD5（\u7406\u8bba）
        \n2005 SHA-1 \u7406\u8bba\u653b\u51fb
        \n2008 MD5 \u4f2a\u9020 SSL \u8bc1\u4e66
        \n2012 Flame \u75c5\u6bd2\u7528 MD5 \u4f2a\u9020\u5fae\u8f6f\u7b7e\u540d
        \n2017 SHAttered \u653b\u7834 SHA-1（\u5b9e\u6218）
        \n2020 SHA-1 \u9009\u62e9\u524d\u7f00\u78b0\u649e
        \n2026 SHA-256 \u4ecd\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6<\/p>\n

        \u5728\u7ebf\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n

        \u7406\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4eb2\u81ea\u9a8c\u8bc1\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316，\u8fd9\u662f\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \u76d8\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\u7ad9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u5177 \u4e0a\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u8f93\u5165 Hello World，\u8bb0\u5f55 SHA256 \u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u628a World \u6539\u6210 world（W \u6539\u5c0f\u5199），\u518d\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a"\u78b0\u649e\u5bfb\u627e"\u7684\u5c0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165，\u770b\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8f93\u5165\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e MD5，\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5 2^64 \u6b21\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5bf9\u78b0\u649e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd，\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5de5\u5177\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e94\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e94\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u5f3a\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5f3a\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94，\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u672c\u5730\u5b8c\u6210，\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4f20\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        MD5 \u88ab\u738b\u5c0f\u4e91\u653b\u7834\u5df2\u7ecf 20 \u5e74\u4e86，SHA1 \u88ab Google \u653b\u7834\u4e5f\u5feb 10 \u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e？\u751f\u65e5\u6096\u8bba\u548c\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb？\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7b7e\u540d？\u672c\u6587\u628a\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u4e49\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e
        \n\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e（Hash Collision）\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165，\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
        \n\u8f93\u5165 A \u2260 \u8f93\u5165 B
        \n\u4f46 hash(A) hash(B)\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":112508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12789,12790,3520,61,427],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-112509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-12789","tag-12790","tag-3520","tag-61","tag-427"],"yoast_head":"\n\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u5168\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4eceMD5\u5230SHA1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f14\u8fdb\u53f2 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/112509.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u78b0\u649e\u653b\u51fb\u5168\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4eceMD5\u5230SHA1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f14\u8fdb\u53f2 - 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