{"id":11190,"date":"2025-04-18T18:27:37","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T10:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/11190.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T18:27:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T10:27:37","slug":"%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%81%e4%ba%a4%e6%8d%a2%e6%9c%ba%e3%80%81%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%99%e3%80%81%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%81%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e5%9c%a8%e7%bd%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/11190.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418102735-68022917c70db.jpg\" width=\"1080\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>1. \u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff08;Router&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc&#xff08;\u5982LAN\u4e0eWAN\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7f51&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u5982OSPF\u3001BGP&#xff09;\u52a8\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u7b56\u7565\u8def\u7531&#xff08;Policy Routing&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>NAT&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5c06\u79c1\u6709IP\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u516c\u6709IP&#xff0c;\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u53e3&#xff1a;\u8fde\u63a5\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6216\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e92\u8054&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7MPLS\u3001SD-WAN\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5730\u7ec4\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>OSI\u5c42\u7ea7&#xff1a;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff08;Layer 3&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5904\u7406IP\u5305\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807&#xff1a;\u541e\u5410\u91cf&#xff08;Throughput&#xff09;\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. \u4ea4\u6362\u673a&#xff08;Switch&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u901a\u4fe1&#xff1a;\u57fa\u4e8eMAC\u5730\u5740\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u9ad8\u6548\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5e27&#xff08;Frame&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>VLAN\u5212\u5206&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u9694\u79bb\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df&#xff0c;\u63d0\u5347\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u94fe\u8def\u805a\u5408&#xff1a;\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u7aef\u53e3&#xff08;\u5982LACP&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a&#xff1a;\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42&#xff08;MAC\u5730\u5740&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u5165\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907\u4e92\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a&#xff1a;\u5177\u5907\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd&#xff0c;\u66ff\u4ee3\u90e8\u5206\u8def\u7531\u5668\u89d2\u8272&#xff08;\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff08;Store-and-Forward&#xff09;\u3001\u76f4\u901a\u8f6c\u53d1&#xff08;Cut-Through&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u534f\u8bae&#xff1a;STP&#xff08;\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae&#xff09;\u9632\u6b62\u73af\u8def\u3001802.1Q VLAN\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. \u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff08;Firewall&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7ACL&#xff08;\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868&#xff09;\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u6d4b&#xff08;Stateful Inspection&#xff09;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u975e\u6cd5\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4&#xff1a;\u9632\u5fa1DDoS\u653b\u51fb\u3001IPS\/IDS&#xff08;\u5165\u4fb5\u9632\u5fa1\/\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff09;\u3001VPN\u52a0\u5bc6\u96a7\u9053&#xff08;\u5982IPsec&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff1a;\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u6d41\u91cf&#xff08;\u5982\u9650\u5236P2P\u4e0b\u8f7d&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff1a;\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4&#xff08;\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff09;\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff08;\u5e94\u7528\u5c42&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff08;NGFW&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u96c6\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u60c5\u62a5\u3001\u6c99\u7bb1\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u900f\u660e\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u65e0\u9700\u66f4\u6539IP&#xff09;\u3001\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u5f0f&#xff08;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868&#xff08;Session Table&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u5982TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;Server&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8d44\u6e90\u63d0\u4f9b&#xff1a;\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u5982Web\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff09;\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e&#xff08;NAS\/SAN&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5316\u652f\u6301&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7Hypervisor&#xff08;\u5982VMware ESXi&#xff09;\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u573a\u666f&#xff08;\u5982\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;ECS&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982AWS EC2\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u4e91ECS&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5197\u4f59\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1a;RAID\u78c1\u76d8\u9635\u5217\u3001\u53cc\u7535\u6e90\u5197\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;IPMI\/iLO\u5e26\u5916\u7ba1\u7406&#xff08;\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b95\u673a\u4e5f\u53ef\u63a7\u5236&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668&#xff08;Load Balancer&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u53d1&#xff1a;\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u5355\u70b9\u8fc7\u8f7d&#xff08;\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u52a0\u6743\u6700\u5c0f\u8fde\u63a5&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5&#xff1a;\u76d1\u63a7\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u5982HTTP 200\u54cd\u5e94&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u81ea\u52a8\u5254\u9664\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301&#xff08;Session Persistence&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u5f80\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;\u5982\u57fa\u4e8eCookie&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u573a\u666f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u786c\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1a;F5 BIG-IP\u3001Citrix NetScaler&#xff08;\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u573a\u666f&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1a;Nginx\u3001HAProxy&#xff08;\u7075\u6d3b\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u901a\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u56db\u5c42&#xff08;L4&#xff09;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1a;\u57fa\u4e8eIP&#043;\u7aef\u53e3&#xff08;\u5982TCP\/UDP&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4e03\u5c42&#xff08;L7&#xff09;\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861&#xff1a;\u89e3\u6790HTTP\u5934\u90e8&#xff08;\u5982URL\u8def\u5f84\u3001Cookie&#xff09;\u8fdb\u884c\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u8bbe\u5907\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899&#xff1a;\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6076\u610f\u6d41\u91cf&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff1a;\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u7531\u81f3\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668&#xff1a;\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a&#xff1a;\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4ece\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u5173\u952e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n<table>\n<tr>\u8bbe\u5907\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u5178\u578b\u9009\u578b\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8def\u7531\u5668 vs \u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/td>\n<td>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u534f\u8bae&#xff08;\u5982BGP&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4fa7\u91cd\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td>\n<td>\u4f01\u4e1a\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u4e92\u8054\u7528\u8def\u7531\u5668&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u786c\u4ef6\u9632\u706b\u5899 vs 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