{"id":111442,"date":"2026-10-01T07:50:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T23:50:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/111442.html"},"modified":"2026-10-01T07:50:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T23:50:52","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e6%95%a3%e5%9c%a8%e5%a4%9a%e5%8f%b0%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e6%9f%a5%ef%bc%9f%e7%94%a8-promtail-loki-grafana-%e6%90%ad%e4%b8%80%e5%a5%97%e9%9b%86%e4%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/111442.html","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u5fd7\u6563\u5728\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u600e\u4e48\u67e5\uff1f\u7528 Promtail + Loki + Grafana \u642d\u4e00\u5957\u96c6\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u5e73\u53f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u8a00<\/h3>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u51fa\u9519\u65f6，\u6211\u6700\u6015\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u62a5\u9519，\u800c\u662f\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4e86，\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u53bb\u54ea\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u3001\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u627e\u5b83\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u7ffb server.log\u3001\u5bf9\u7167\u65f6\u95f4，\u518d\u5207\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u670d\u52a1\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5，\u65e5\u5fd7\u8d8a\u5206\u6563，\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u82b1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002Promtail\u3001Loki \u548c Grafana \u8fd9\u5957 PLG \u7ec4\u5408\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u51b3\u7684，\u6b63\u662f\u628a\u65e5\u5fd7\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u73af\u8282：Promtail \u76ef\u4f4f\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u65e5\u5fd7，Loki \u6309\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d41，Grafana \u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5c55\u793a\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u628a\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u90fd\u5efa\u6210\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15，\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8981\u5148\u9009\u5bf9\u6807\u7b7e，\u518d\u7528 LogQL \u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u534a\u591c\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u62a5\u9519，\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5148\u6309\u5e94\u7528\u540d\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d41，\u518d\u5bf9\u7167\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5bb9，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u5207\u6362\u3001\u51ed\u5370\u8c61\u731c\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6211\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u5b9e\u9645\u68b3\u7406：\u5148\u770b CentOS 7 \u4e0b\u5206\u522b\u90e8\u7f72\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u518d\u770b\u4f7f\u7528 Docker Compose \u4e00\u8d77\u542f\u52a8\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ece test.log \u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d88\u606f，\u63a5\u7740\u9a8c\u8bc1 JSON \u65e5\u5fd7\u3001Nginx \u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u67e5\u8be2，\u6700\u540e\u7528 cpolar \u628a Grafana \u7684 3000 \u9875\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5f02\u5730\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u7248\u672c\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e92\u76f8\u7167\u642c；\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6743\u9650\u3001\u533f\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316，\u6211\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5728\u4e0a\u7ebf\u524d\u9010\u9879\u786e\u8ba4，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u5c31\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604172008353\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u8ba4\u6e05\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u5de5<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u767b\u5f55\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u770b\u4e00\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7，\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u8db3\u591f；\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a，\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5f71\u54cd\u6392\u969c\u3002PLG \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u5411\u662f Promtail \u8bfb\u53d6\u65e5\u5fd7 \u2192 \u63a8\u9001\u7ed9 Loki \u2192 Grafana \u67e5\u8be2 Loki，\u4e0d\u662f Grafana \u76f4\u63a5\u626b\u63cf\u5404\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Promtail \u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0 job\u3001host \u7b49\u6807\u7b7e；Loki \u4e3b\u8981\u7d22\u5f15\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9；Grafana \u4f7f\u7528 LogQL \u6309\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u6216\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b5b\u9009\u3002\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u5165\u6307\u6807\u6216\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65f6，\u518d\u5206\u522b\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90，\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7\u90e8\u7f72\u76f4\u63a5\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6574\u4e09\u4ef6\u5957\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982 {job="app"} |= "error" \u7528\u4e8e\u7b5b\u9009\u5305\u542b\u9519\u8bef\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7，{job="nginx"} |~ "404|500" \u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6587\u672c，rate({job="api"}[5m]) \u5219\u53ef\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9700\u8981\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u65b9\u6848，\u8fd9\u79cd\u6807\u7b7e\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u5408\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6392\u969c；\u5b9e\u9645\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\u4ecd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cf\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u57fa\u6570\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001CentOS 7：\u5148\u5206\u5f00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u9700\u8981 root \u6216 sudo \u6743\u9650，\u5e76\u4e14\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u793a\u4f8b\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u95ed\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6309\u7aef\u53e3\u5f00\u653e\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def，\u5b9e\u9645\u957f\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7aef\u53e3，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5f53\u6210\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206 Loki \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7aef\u53e3 8094\u3001Promtail \u7684 9080 \u4e0e Grafana \u7684 3000；\u5f00\u5934\u63d0\u53ca\u7684 3100 \u662f\u540e\u9762 Docker \u65b9\u6848\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Loki \u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

systemctl stop firewalld
\nsystemctl disable firewalld
\n# \u6216\u4f7f\u7528 iptables\/firewalld \u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5907 wget\u3001tar\u3001curl\u3001vim \u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177，\u518d\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u9009\u7684 Loki \u4e13\u7528\u8d26\u53f7：<\/p>\n

yum update -y<\/span>
\nyum install<\/span> -y<\/span> wget<\/span> tar<\/span> curl<\/span> vim<\/span> net-tools<\/p>\n

useradd<\/span> -r<\/span> -s<\/span> \/sbin\/nologin loki<\/p>\n

\u5148\u8fd0\u884c Loki：\u63a5\u6536\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8<\/h4>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u5b57\u63d0\u5230 v3.0.0，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0b\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f v1.5.0\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e3a\u51c6，\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u540e\u9762\u7684 Docker 2.9.10 \u914d\u7f6e\u5f53\u4f5c\u540c\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u524d，\u8fd8\u5e94\u786e\u8ba4 \/app\/loki \u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728；\u5b83\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5 cd \u8fdb\u5165，\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n

cd<\/span> \/app\/loki
\ncurl<\/span> -O<\/span> -L<\/span> "https:\/\/github.com\/grafana\/loki\/releases\/download\/v1.5.0\/loki-linux-amd64.zip"<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"image-20260603161956692\"<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u538b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528 unzip，\u800c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u6e05\u5355\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5b83，\u82e5\u63d0\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u51c6\u5907\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

unzip<\/span> loki-linux-amd64.zip<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603162122303\"<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u5fd7\u5757\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5728 \/data\/loki\/chunks\u3001\/data\/loki\/index，\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

mkdir<\/span> \/data\/loki
\nmkdir<\/span> \/data\/loki\/{<\/span>chunks,index}<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260603162320281\"<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91 config.yaml：<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> config.yaml<\/p>\n

auth_enabled: false<\/span>
\nserver:
\n http_listen_port: 8094<\/span>
\ningester:
\n lifecycler:
\n address: 192.168<\/span>.42.140 #\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u5668ip，\u5373\u672c\u673a\u5730\u5740<\/span>
\n ring:
\n kvstore:
\n store: inmemory
\n replication_factor: 1<\/span>
\n final_sleep: 0s
\n chunk_idle_period: 5m
\n chunk_retain_period: 30s
\nschema_config:
\n configs:
\n – from: 2024<\/span>-04-01
\n store: boltdb
\n object_store: filesystem
\n schema: v11
\n index:
\n prefix: index_
\n period: 168h #\u6bcf\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f47\u5929<\/span>
\nstorage_config:
\n boltdb:
\n directory: \/data\/loki\/index #\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740<\/span>
\n filesystem:
\n directory: \/data\/loki\/chunks #\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740<\/span>
\nlimits_config:
\n enforce_metric_name: false<\/span>
\n reject_old_samples: true<\/span>
\n reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
\nchunk_store_config:
\n max_look_back_period: 168h<\/p>\n

table_manager:
\n retention_deletes_enabled: true<\/span>
\n retention_period: 168h #\u8868\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u671f7\u5929<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u5173\u95ed\u4e86 Loki \u5185\u7f6e\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u5728 192.168.42.140 \u6240\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u526f\u672c ring，\u5c06 HTTP \u5165\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a 8094，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e03\u5929\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u5305\u542b\u65e7\u7248\u5b58\u50a8 schema，\u5e94\u8be5\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6838\u5bf9\u9002\u7528\u6027，\u4e0d\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u8f83\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u7167\u6284\u3002auth_enabled: false \u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u628a Loki \u63a5\u53e3\u5f53\u4f5c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6388\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603162608564\"<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u811a\u672c，\u524d\u8005\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55 pid，\u540e\u8005\u6839\u636e pid \u505c\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u539f\u6709 kill -9 \u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4，\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u8981\u6838\u5bf9 pid \u6587\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e94 Loki \u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> start.sh<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\nnohup<\/span> .\/loki-linux-amd64 -config.file<\/span>=<\/span>.\/config.yaml ><\/span>.\/server.log 2<\/span>><\/span>&1<\/span> &<\/span>
\necho<\/span> "$!<\/span>"<\/span> ><\/span> pid<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> shutdown.sh<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\nkill<\/span> -9<\/span> `<\/span>cat<\/span> pid`<\/span><\/span>
\necho<\/span> "\u5173\u95ed\u6210\u529f!"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260603162821293\"<\/p>\n

\u811a\u672c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4ee5\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7；\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230 Promtail \u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5148\u786e\u8ba4 Loki \u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u542f\u52a8，\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u91c7\u96c6\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

sh<\/span> start.sh<\/p>\n

tail<\/span> -200f<\/span> server.log<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603163043277\"<\/p>\n

\u518d\u5b89\u88c5 Grafana：\u7ed9\u65e5\u5fd7\u63d0\u4f9b\u67e5\u8be2\u754c\u9762<\/h4>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u53c8\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5173\u95ed firewalld \u548c SELinux \u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e3b\u673a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u7684\u660e\u663e\u653e\u5bbd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u6280\u672f\u793a\u4f8b\u4fdd\u7559，\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u636e\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a Grafana \u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9632\u62a4\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

systemctl stop firewalld
\nsystemctl disable firewalld
\nsetenforce 0<\/span>
\nsed<\/span> -i<\/span> 's\/SELINUX=enforcing\/SELINUX=disabled\/g'<\/span> \/etc\/selinux\/config<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6309\u7167\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5217\u51fa，\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u7528 CentOS \u7684\u6f14\u793a\u9009\u7684\u662f RPM \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

Ubuntu \/ Debian：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> install<\/span> -y<\/span> adduser libfontconfig1 musl
\nwget<\/span> https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/enterprise\/release\/grafana-enterprise_12.1.0_amd64.deb
\nsudo<\/span> dpkg -i<\/span> grafana-enterprise_12.1.0_amd64.deb<\/p>\n

Standalone Linux Binaries：<\/p>\n

wget<\/span> https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/enterprise\/release\/grafana-enterprise-12.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\ntar<\/span> -zxvf<\/span> grafana-enterprise-12.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz<\/p>\n

Red Hat \/ CentOS \/ RHEL \/ Fedora：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/enterprise\/release\/grafana-enterprise-12.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm<\/p>\n

OpenSUSE \/ SUSE：<\/p>\n

wget<\/span> https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/enterprise\/release\/grafana-enterprise-12.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
\nsudo<\/span> rpm<\/span> -Uvh<\/span> grafana-enterprise-12.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6b21 CentOS \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u518d\u6b21\u5217\u51fa：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> yum install<\/span> -y<\/span> https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/enterprise\/release\/grafana-enterprise-12.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5 Grafana Enterprise 12.1.0 \u540e，\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f，\u518d\u67e5\u770b\u7248\u672c\u53f7：<\/p>\n

systemctl restart grafana-server
\nsystemctl enable<\/span> grafana-server<\/p>\n

grafana-cli -version<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20251202110921063\"<\/p>\n

\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 3000 \u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u6846\u91cc\u7684 ip:3000 \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u5740\u793a\u610f，\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5728 shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

ip:3000<\/p>\n

\"image-20251202113836526\"<\/p>\n

\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\u8d26\u53f7 admin\/admin，\u8fdb\u5165\u540e\u6309\u9875\u9762\u63d0\u793a\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801；\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u540e\u9762\u8003\u8651\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5f00\u653e\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20251202113858320\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20251202113955895\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20251202114409656\"<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u5b89\u88c5 Promtail：\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u65e5\u5fd7\u9001\u5230 Loki<\/h4>\n

\u91c7\u96c6\u7aef\u653e\u5728 \/app\/promtail，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e5f\u662f v1.5.0，\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 Loki \u8def\u7ebf\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b58\u5728，\u518d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u89e3\u538b\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

cd<\/span> \/app\/promtail
\ncurl<\/span> -O<\/span> -L<\/span> "https:\/\/github.com\/grafana\/loki\/releases\/download\/v1.5.0\/promtail-linux-amd64.zip"<\/span><\/p>\n

unzip<\/span> promtail-linux-amd64.zip<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603165616218\"<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> promtail.yaml<\/p>\n

server:
\n http_listen_port: 9080<\/span>
\n grpc_listen_port: 0<\/span><\/p>\n

positions:
\n filename: .\/positions.yaml<\/p>\n

clients:
\n – url: http:\/\/192.168.42.140:8094\/loki\/api\/v1\/push #\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\u5668loki\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

scrape_configs:
\n#ucenter1<\/span>
\n – job_name: zcbackend-172.29.21.22-1
\n static_configs:
\n – targets:
\n – 192.168<\/span>.42.140
\n – labels:
\n job: zcbachend-172.29.21.22-1
\n host: 192.168<\/span>.42.140
\n __path__: \/jiuqi\/zichan\/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8084\/backend\/server.log #\u672c\u673a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u628a\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u5230 http:\/\/192.168.42.140:8094\/loki\/api\/v1\/push，\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u662f \/jiuqi\/zichan\/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8084\/backend\/server.log，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e job\u3001host \u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u548c IP \u4ee3\u8868\u6f14\u793a\u73af\u5883，\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u7684 static_configs \u5217\u8868\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u7f29\u8fdb\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6309\u5b9e\u9645 YAML \u7ed3\u6784\u6838\u5bf9；\u5982\u679c Promtail \u4e0d\u542f\u52a8，\u4f18\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6790\u62a5\u9519\u3002positions.yaml \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u5b83\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603165853113\"<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u521b\u5efa\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u811a\u672c，\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u521b\u5efa shutdown.sh \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u622a\u56fe，\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u548c Loki \u7684\u505c\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> start.sh<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>
\nnohup<\/span> .\/promtail-linux-amd64 -config.file<\/span>=<\/span>.\/promtail.yaml ><\/span>.\/server.log 2<\/span>><\/span>&1<\/span> &<\/span>
\necho<\/span> "$!<\/span>"<\/span> ><\/span> pid<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> shutdown.sh<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603170408988\"<\/p>\n

sh<\/span> start.sh<\/p>\n

tail<\/span> -200f<\/span> server.log<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603170429531\"<\/p>\n

\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc，\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u804c\u8d23\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u4e86：Promtail \u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6，Loki \u5728 8094 \u63a5\u6536，Grafana \u5728 3000 \u5c55\u793a\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574 Docker \u8def\u7ebf，\u4e0d\u5e94\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u8fd8\u5360\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u53e0\u52a0\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001Docker Compose：\u628a PLG \u653e\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc<\/h3>\n

\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9 Docker \u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5148\u68c0\u67e5 Docker：<\/p>\n

docker<\/span> –version<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260507155742946\"<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u91cc，\u5b9e\u9645\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f \/docker\/do，\u4f46\u6743\u9650\u547d\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5374\u662f \/do\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84，\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u6388\u6743；\u800c\u4e14\u9012\u5f52 777 \u4f1a\u8ba9\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u653e，\u957f\u671f\u90e8\u7f72\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/docker\/do
\nchmod<\/span> -R<\/span> 777<\/span> \/do<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5907 Loki \u4e0e Promtail \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 Loki \u4f7f\u7528 3100，Promtail \u901a\u8fc7 Docker \u7f51\u7edc\u91cc\u7684 http:\/\/loki:3100\/loki\/api\/v1\/push \u53d1\u9001\u65e5\u5fd7；\u91c7\u96c6\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec \/var\/log\/*.log \u4e0e \/var\/log\/test.log\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u4e13\u5c5e\u4e8e Docker \u8def\u7ebf，\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 8094 \u914d\u7f6e\u6df7\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/docker\/do\/loki
\n# \u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncat<\/span> ><\/span> \/docker\/do\/loki\/config.yml <<<\/span>EOF
\n auth_enabled: false<\/span><\/p>\n

server:
\n http_listen_port: 3100<\/span><\/p>\n

common:
\n path_prefix: \/tmp\/loki
\n storage:
\n filesystem:
\n directory: \/tmp\/loki\/chunks
\n replication_factor: 1<\/span>
\n ring:
\n kvstore:
\n store: inmemory<\/p>\n

schema_config:
\n configs:
\n – from: 2020<\/span>-10-24
\n store: boltdb-shipper
\n object_store: filesystem
\n schema: v11
\n index:
\n prefix: index_
\n period: 24h
\n EOF<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
\nmkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/docker\/do\/promtail<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\n# \u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\ncat<\/span> ><\/span> \/docker\/do\/promtail\/config.yml <<<\/span>EOF
\n server:
\n http_listen_port: 9080<\/span>
\n grpc_listen_port: 0<\/span><\/p>\n

positions:
\n filename: \/tmp\/positions.yaml<\/p>\n

clients:
\n – url: http:\/\/loki:3100\/loki\/api\/v1\/push<\/p>\n

scrape_configs:
\n – job_name: system
\n static_configs:
\n – targets:
\n – localhost
\n labels:
\n job: varlogs
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/*.log
\n – job_name: test<\/span>
\n static_configs:
\n – targets:
\n – localhost
\n labels:
\n job: test<\/span>
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/test.log
\n EOF<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6bb5 shell \u4f7f\u7528 here-document \u5199\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b9e\u9645\u7c98\u8d34\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u68c0\u67e5 EOF \u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u5360\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u4f59\u7f29\u8fdb，\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5730\u65b9：Loki \u6570\u636e\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e \/tmp\/loki，\u4f46\u540e\u9762\u7684 Compose \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5b83\u6302\u8f7d\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u51ed\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c，\u5c31\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u91cd\u5efa\u540e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91 docker-compose.yml：<\/p>\n

vi<\/span> docker-compose.yml<\/p>\n

version: "3"<\/span><\/p>\n

networks:
\n loki:<\/p>\n

services:
\n loki:
\n image: grafana\/loki:2.9.10
\n ports:
\n – "3100:3100"<\/span>
\n volumes:
\n – .\/loki\/config.yml:\/etc\/loki\/config.yml # 👈 \u6302\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e<\/span>
\n command: -config.file<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/loki\/config.yml # 👈 \u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n networks:
\n – loki<\/p>\n

promtail:
\n image: grafana\/promtail:2.9.10
\n volumes:
\n – \/var\/log:\/var\/log
\n – .\/promtail\/config.yml:\/etc\/promtail\/config.yml # 👈 \u6302\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e<\/span>
\n command: -config.file<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/promtail\/config.yml # 👈 \u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d<\/span>
\n networks:
\n – loki
\n user: "root"<\/span> # 👈 \u5173\u952e！\u907f\u514d\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/p>\n

grafana:
\n environment:
\n – GF_PATHS_PROVISIONING<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/grafana\/provisioning
\n – GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED<\/span>=<\/span>true
\n – GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE<\/span>=<\/span>Admin
\n entrypoint:
\n – sh<\/span>
\n – -euc<\/span>
\n – |<\/span>
\n mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/etc\/grafana\/provisioning\/datasources
\n cat<\/span> <<<\/span>EOF ><\/span> \/etc\/grafana\/provisioning\/datasources\/ds.yaml
\n apiVersion: 1<\/span>
\n datasources:
\n – name: Loki
\n type: loki
\n access: proxy
\n orgId: 1<\/span>
\n url: http:\/\/loki:3100
\n basicAuth: false<\/span>
\n isDefault: true<\/span>
\n version: 1<\/span>
\n editable: false<\/span>
\n EOF
\n \/run.sh
\n image: grafana\/grafana:latest
\n ports:
\n – "3000:3000"<\/span>
\n networks:
\n – loki<\/p>\n

Docker \u955c\u50cf\u8fd9\u91cc\u660e\u786e\u662f grafana\/loki:2.9.10 \u548c grafana\/promtail:2.9.10，\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684 v1.5.0 \u4e0d\u540c；Grafana \u5219\u4f7f\u7528 grafana\/grafana:latest\u3002Compose \u91cc\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u8ba9 Grafana \u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u540d\u4e3a Loki \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90，\u6307\u5411 Docker \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684 http:\/\/loki:3100\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8fd9\u4efd Grafana \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true \u548c GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE=Admin：\u533f\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u914d\u7f6e，\u5374\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u539f\u6837\u914d\u5408\u516c\u7f51\u96a7\u9053\u957f\u671f\u5f00\u653e\u3002Promtail \u4f7f\u7528 user: "root" \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3b\u673a \/var\/log，\u4e5f\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u65e5\u5fd7\u6743\u9650\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604102017634\"<\/p>\n

\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5148\u770b\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u884c：<\/p>\n

docker-compose<\/span> up -d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604101932972\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604104643933\"<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4ece\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e5\u5fd7\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u4e0d\u53ea\u770b\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5426\u6253\u5f00<\/h3>\n

\u8fdb\u5165 Grafana，\u67e5\u770b Loki \u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c Explore\u3002Compose \u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u914d\u7f6e，\u754c\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u201d\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6838\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5，\u4e0d\u5fc5\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603170616989\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603170747907\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20260603170813313\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604104816985\"<\/p>\n

\u5148\u5411 \/var\/log\/test.log \u5199\u4e00\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d88\u606f\u3002Docker \u7684 Promtail \u5df2\u628a\u4e3b\u673a \/var\/log \u6302\u8fdb\u5bb9\u5668，\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4efd\u65e5\u5fd7\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

echo<\/span> "Test log entry at $(<\/span>date<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span> >><\/span> \/var\/log\/test.log<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528 Loki \u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3：<\/p>\n

curl<\/span> -g<\/span> 'http:\/\/localhost:3100\/loki\/api\/v1\/query?query={job="test"}&limit=5'<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604114713871\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684 values \u6570\u7ec4\u51fa\u73b0\u521a\u5199\u5165\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7，\u5c31\u6bd4\u201cLoki \u9875\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u201d\u66f4\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e \u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 Promtail \u2192 Loki \u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u901a\u3002\u518d\u8fdb\u5165 Grafana Explore，\u9009\u62e9 Loki \u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 LogQL：<\/p>\n

{<\/span>job=<\/span>"test"<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604114612165\"<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u624d\u53d8\u6210 \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 Promtail \u2192 Loki \u2192 Grafana\u3002\u5982\u679c Loki API \u6709\u6570\u636e\u800c Explore \u6ca1\u663e\u793a，\u5c31\u8be5\u68c0\u67e5 Grafana \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2；\u5982\u679c API \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e，\u5148\u67e5 Promtail \u91c7\u96c6\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u548c positions \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u52a0\u5165 JSON\u3001Nginx \u548c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n

\u57fa\u7840\u94fe\u8def\u8dd1\u901a\u4ee5\u540e，\u518d\u6a21\u62df\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5148\u521b\u5efa \/var\/log\/app.json，\u91cc\u9762\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5165\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u9650\u6d41\u4e09\u6761 JSON \u65e5\u5fd7；ts\u3001level\u3001status\u3001path \u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

# \u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a Web \u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\ncat<\/span> ><\/span> \/var\/log\/app.json <<<\/span>'EOF'
\n{"level":"info","ts":"2026-06-04T12:00:00Z","msg":"User login","user_id":1001,"ip":"192.168.1.10","method":"POST","path":"\/login","status":200}
\n{"level":"error","ts":"2026-06-04T12:01:05Z","msg":"DB timeout","user_id":1002,"ip":"192.168.1.11","method":"GET","path":"\/profile","status":500,"error":"context deadline exceeded"}
\n{"level":"warn","ts":"2026-06-04T12:02:30Z","msg":"Rate limit hit","user_id":1003,"ip":"192.168.1.12","method":"POST","path":"\/api\/v1\/send","status":429}
\nEOF<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604155743914\"<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u65b0 Promtail \u7684\u914d\u7f6e，\u8ba9\u5b83\u9664\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e5\u5fd7，\u8fd8\u6536\u96c6 app.json：<\/p>\n

server:
\n http_listen_port: 9080<\/span>
\n grpc_listen_port: 0<\/span><\/p>\n

positions:
\n filename: \/tmp\/positions.yaml<\/p>\n

clients:
\n – url: http:\/\/loki:3100\/loki\/api\/v1\/push<\/p>\n

scrape_configs:
\n – job_name: test<\/span>
\n static_configs:
\n – targets:
\n – localhost
\n labels:
\n job: test<\/span>
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/test.log<\/p>\n

– job_name: app-json
\n pipeline_stages:
\n – json:
\n expressions:
\n level: level
\n msg: msg<\/p>\n

static_configs:
\n – targets:
\n – localhost
\n labels:
\n job: app
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/app.json<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604155846952\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 pipeline_stages \u53ea\u4ece JSON \u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6 level \u548c msg\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u6ca1\u6709 labels \u9636\u6bb5，\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u628a status \u914d\u6210 Loki \u7d22\u5f15\u6807\u7b7e，\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u201clevel\u3001status \u5df2\u7ecf\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\u3002\u540e\u9762\u7684 LogQL | json \u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u89e3\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9，\u548c\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u7b7e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u91cd\u542f Promtail：<\/p>\n

docker-compose<\/span> restart promtail<\/p>\n

\u5728 Explore \u4e2d\u5148\u6309\u9519\u8bef\u7ea7\u522b\u7b5b\u9009，\u518d\u6309 HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7b5b\u9009：<\/p>\n

{<\/span>job=<\/span>"app"<\/span>}<\/span> |<\/span> json |<\/span> level =<\/span> "error"<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604160637754\"<\/p>\n

{<\/span>job=<\/span>"app"<\/span>}<\/span> |<\/span> json |<\/span> status >=<\/span> 500<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604160714102\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u539f\u793a\u4f8b\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf：<\/p>\n

sum<\/span> by (<\/span>path)<\/span> (<\/span>
\n count_over_time(<\/span>{<\/span>job=<\/span>"app"<\/span>}<\/span>[<\/span>5m]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20260604160433301\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f，sum by (path) \u60f3\u6309 path \u5206\u7ec4，\u5f97\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u53ef\u4f9b\u805a\u5408\u7684\u6807\u7b7e；\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5c31\u65ad\u8a00\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9010\u8def\u5f84\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6a21\u62df Nginx \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7：<\/p>\n

# \u6a21\u62df nginx \u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\necho<\/span> '192.168.1.10 – – [04\/Jun\/2026:12:10:00 +0000] "GET \/api\/v1\/data HTTP\/1.1" 200 1024'<\/span> >><\/span> \/var\/log\/nginx-access.log<\/p>\n

# \u6a21\u62df auth \u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
\necho<\/span> "$(<\/span>date<\/span> -Iseconds<\/span>)<\/span><\/span> [AUTH] User 1001 logged in from 192.168.1.10"<\/span> >><\/span> \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604163251555\"<\/p>\n

\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5e94\u7528 JSON \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u7eb3\u5165 Promtail \u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

server:
\n http_listen_port: 9080<\/span>
\n grpc_listen_port: 0<\/span><\/p>\n

positions:
\n filename: \/tmp\/positions.yaml<\/p>\n

clients:
\n – url: http:\/\/loki:3100\/loki\/api\/v1\/push<\/p>\n

scrape_configs:
\n – job_name: test<\/span>
\n static_configs:
\n – targets: [<\/span>localhost]<\/span>
\n labels:
\n job: test<\/span>
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/test.log<\/p>\n

– job_name: app-json
\n pipeline_stages:
\n – json:
\n expressions:
\n level: level
\n msg: msg
\n static_configs: # \u2190 \u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc！<\/span>
\n – targets: [<\/span>localhost]<\/span>
\n labels:
\n job: app
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/app.json<\/p>\n

– job_name: nginx
\n static_configs:
\n – targets: [<\/span>localhost]<\/span>
\n labels:
\n job: nginx
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/nginx-access.log<\/p>\n

– job_name: auth
\n static_configs:
\n – targets: [<\/span>localhost]<\/span>
\n labels:
\n job: auth
\n __path__: \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604164917170\"<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u5305\u62ec job: test\u3001job: app\u3001job: nginx\u3001job: auth\u3002\u91cd\u542f\u91c7\u96c6\u7aef\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Grafana \u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u540c job，\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c Nginx \u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ea\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u67e5\u8be2\u5165\u53e3，\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20260604164900549\"<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u5f02\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7：\u53ea\u4e3a Grafana \u914d\u516c\u7f51\u5165\u53e3<\/h3>\n

\u672c\u5730\u67e5\u8be2\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee5\u540e，\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u7f51\u7edc\u67e5\u770b\u9762\u677f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 cpolar \u6620\u5c04 Grafana \u7684 3000\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u96a7\u9053\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5230 Grafana \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5165\u53e3；\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f9d\u7136\u7531 Promtail \u91c7\u96c6\u5e76\u9001\u5230 Loki，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u800c\u6539\u7531 cpolar \u91c7\u96c6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u4e4b\u524d，\u5e94\u5148\u6536\u7d27\u4e0a\u9762 Docker \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u533f\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650，\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55\u51ed\u636e\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 cpolar \u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> curl<\/span> https:\/\/get.cpolar.sh |<\/span> sh<\/span><\/p>\n

\"image-20250725093611926\"<\/p>\n

sudo<\/span> systemctl status cpolar<\/p>\n

\"22e5adfaf290a17fc3384bb296055259\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP \u52a0 9200 \u8fdb\u5165 cpolar \u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u6587\u5b57\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f 192.168.42.101:9200，\u6240\u9644 Markdown \u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u9645\u6307\u5411 localhost:9200\/，\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u6309\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\"8a6698b1bf26d64ba3645827fbfb1c29\"<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5165 \u96a7\u9053\u7ba1\u7406 \u2192 \u521b\u5efa\u96a7\u9053，\u586b\u5199\u96a7\u9053\u540d\u79f0 grafana\u3001HTTP\u3001\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740 3000\u3001\u968f\u673a\u57df\u540d\u3001\u5730\u533a China Top\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684 3000 \u662f Grafana，\u4e0d\u662f Loki \u7684 3100，\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8def\u7ebf\u7684 8094\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100328538\"<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5165\u5728\u7ebf\u96a7\u9053\u5217\u8868\u590d\u5236\u751f\u6210\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740，\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7535\u8111\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u6d4b\u8bd5：<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100510154\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100605079\"<\/p>\n

\u968f\u673a\u5730\u5740\u80fd\u6253\u5f00 Grafana \u540e，\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5165\u53e3，\u518d\u5230\u9884\u7559\u9875\u9762\u9009\u62e9 \u4fdd\u7559\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5b50\u57df\u540d，\u5730\u533a china top，\u672c\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a grafana3\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027，\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u8d26\u53f7\u5b9e\u9645\u9884\u7559\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\"1b5b18459db4d0a167e947c02c3e14aa\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100825658\"<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u96a7\u9053\u5217\u8868\u7f16\u8f91 grafana，\u628a\u57df\u540d\u7c7b\u578b\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5b50\u57df\u540d，Sub Domain \u586b\u5165\u521a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u540d\u79f0，\u5730\u533a\u9009 China Top，\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image-20250724153922644\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100857991\"<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725100931603\"<\/p>\n

\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee：<\/p>\n

\"image-20250725101019404\"<\/p>\n

\u516c\u7f51\u9875\u9762\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u53ea\u8bf4\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u5165\u53e3\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u5e94\u767b\u5f55 Grafana\u3001\u9009\u62e9 Loki \u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3001\u6309 job \u67e5\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u65e5\u5fd7，\u624d\u7b97\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u56fa\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e3b\u673a\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u7ebf，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff Grafana \u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\u628a PLG \u5f53\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u804c\u8d23，\u6392\u969c\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u6b21\u5e8f：Promtail \u8d1f\u8d23\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u63a8\u9001，Loki \u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u6309\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d41，Grafana \u8d1f\u8d23\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4，\u771f\u6b63\u503c\u5f97\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5426\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 Loki API，\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 Grafana Explore；\u968f\u540e\u624d\u662f JSON \u5b57\u6bb5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u591a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6e90\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

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