{"id":110570,"date":"2026-09-29T00:56:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/110570.html"},"modified":"2026-09-29T00:56:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:56:35","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e5%88%86%e9%85%8d%e5%99%a8%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%ef%bc%9ajemalloc-%e4%b8%8e-tcmalloc-%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e6%9c%ac%e5%9c%b0%e7%bc%93%e5%ad%98%ef%bc%88thread-cac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/110570.html","title":{"rendered":"\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5185\u6838\uff1aJemalloc \u4e0e TCMalloc \u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\uff08Thread Cache\uff09\u3001Size Class \u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u6cbb\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5185\u6838：Jemalloc \u4e0e TCMalloc \u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58（Thread Cache）\u3001Size Class \u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u6cbb\u7406<\/h2>\n

\"\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1（\u5982 Redis \u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528\u7684 Jemalloc\u3001Google Chrome \u4e0e Go \u8bed\u8a00\u5e95\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u7684 TCMalloc，\u4ee5\u53ca Java Netty \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 PooledByteBufAllocator）\u4e2d，\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668（Memory Allocator）\u201d \u662f\u652f\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u541e\u5410\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u7684\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u5e95\u5c42\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6807\u51c6\u7684 glibc ptmalloc \u5728\u591a\u6838\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5927\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u7f3a\u9677：<\/p>\n

  • \u5168\u5c40 Arena \u9501\u7ade\u4e89（Lock Contention）：\u6570\u5341\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u8c03\u7528 malloc() \u548c free() \u65f6，\u9891\u7e41\u4e89\u62a2\u5168\u5c40\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u591a\u6838 CPU \u7b97\u529b\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u88ab\u9501\u81ea\u65cb\u7a7a\u8017；<\/li>\n
  • \u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247（Memory Fragmentation）：\u9891\u7e41\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5bfc\u81f4\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5e03\u6ee1\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5b54\u6d1e，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58（RSS）\u6301\u7eed\u81a8\u80c0，\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf OOM \u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/li>\n

    Jemalloc（Jason Evans' Malloc） \u4e0e TCMalloc（Thread-Caching Malloc） \u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u65e0\u9501\u7f13\u5b58（Thread Cache，tcache）\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b9a\u957f\u89c4\u683c\u5206\u7c7b（Size Classes）\u201d \u4e0e \u201c\u5206\u5c42 Arena \u67b6\u6784\u201d，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 \u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u96f6\u9501\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u4f4e\u4e8e 5% \u7684\u6781\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u7387！<\/p>\n

    \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e24\u5927\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5185\u6838\u67b6\u6784，\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u7ea7\u5206\u914d\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u4f19\u4f34\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\u81ea\u6108\u65f6\u5e8f\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bb2\u900f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    Jemalloc \/ TCMalloc \u6838\u5fc3\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u5168\u666f\u62d3\u6251\u56fe<\/h4>\n

    graph TD
    \n App[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 malloc(size)] –> CheckSize{\u6839\u636e size \u5f52\u7c7b\u5230 Size Class}<\/p>\n

    CheckSize –> Small[1. \u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61 Small Alloc (<= 14KB\/32KB)]
    \n Small –> TCache{\u67e5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58 tcache \/ ThreadCache}
    \n TCache –>|\u547d\u4e2d! (\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72ec\u5360, \u4e25\u683c 0 \u9501\u4e89\u7528!)| FastReturn[🔥 3 \u7eb3\u79d2\u6781\u901f\u8fd4\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u9488!]<\/p>\n

    TCache –>|\u672a\u547d\u4e2d (\u672c\u5730\u7a7a\u76d8)| Arena[2. \u6279\u91cf\u5411\u6240\u5c5e Arena \/ CentralFreeList \u6279\u53d1\u4e00\u6279\u5185\u5b58\u5757 (\u52a0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5206\u7247\u9501)]
    \n Arena –> Extent[3. \u82e5 Arena \u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3: \u5411 Extents \/ PageHeap \u7533\u8bf7\u5927\u7269\u7406\u9875]<\/p>\n

    CheckSize –> Large[2. \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61 Large Alloc (32KB ~ 4MB)]
    \n Large –> Arena<\/p>\n

    CheckSize –> Huge[3. \u5de8\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61 Huge Alloc (> 4MB)]
    \n Huge –> DirectOS[\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7 mmap() \u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u72ec\u7acb\u5927\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04]<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u4e00：\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u65e0\u9501\u7f13\u5b58（Thread Cache，tcache）<\/h4>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u80fd\u6d88\u706d 95% \u7684\u9501\u7ade\u4e89？<\/h5>\n

    \u5728\u591a\u6838\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u90fd\u662f**\u201c\u4e34\u65f6\u3001\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982 32 \u5b57\u8282\u300164 \u5b57\u8282\u3001128 \u5b57\u8282）\u201d**\u3002Jemalloc \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u7684 tcache（Thread Local Cache）：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6，\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 tcache \u5355\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u69fd\u4f4d（Pop）；<\/li>\n
    • \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u65f6，\u76f4\u63a5\u538b\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 tcache \u6808\u9876（Push）；<\/li>\n
    • \u5168\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 CAS \u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c！\u5355\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u8017\u65f6\u4ec5\u9700 3~5 \u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f（\u7ea6 3 \u7eb3\u79d2）！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u4e8c：\u5b9a\u957f\u89c4\u683c\u5206\u7c7b（Size Classes）\u6d88\u706d\u5916\u90e8\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247<\/h4>\n

      \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u94fe\u8868\u5206\u914d（\u5982 First-Fit\u3001Best-Fit）\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u8282\u6570（\u5982 37 \u5b57\u8282\u300191 \u5b57\u8282）\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u968f\u610f\u5207\u5272，\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u4ea7\u751f\u6d77\u91cf\u5916\u90e8\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

      Jemalloc \u7684\u5b9a\u957f\u89c4\u6574\u5206\u7c7b（Size Classes）：<\/h5>\n

      Jemalloc \u4e25\u7981\u968f\u610f\u5207\u5272\u5185\u5b58，\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u5411\u4e0a\u53d6\u6574（Round Up） \u5bf9\u9f50\u5230\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u683c（Size Classes）\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

      Jemalloc Size Classes \u9636\u68af\u8868 (\u5171 200+ \u4e2a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u89c4\u683c)：
      \n * Small Tiny \u89c4\u683c: 8B, 16B, 32B, 48B, 64B, 80B, 96B, 112B, 128B
      \n * Small Quantum \u89c4\u683c: 160B, 192B, 224B, 256B, 320B, 384B, 448B, 512B …
      \n * Large \u89c4\u683c: 16KB, 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB, 512KB, 1MB, 2MB, 4MB<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u7269\u7406\u6536\u76ca：\u82e5\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d 35 \u5b57\u8282，\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edf\u4e00\u5206\u914d 48 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u69fd\u4f4d；\u867d\u7136\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u788e\u7247（13 \u5b57\u8282），\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00，\u91ca\u653e\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u540e\u7eed\u4efb\u610f\u540c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf7\u6c42 100% \u5b8c\u7f8e\u590d\u7528，\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u788e\u7247！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n

        \u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u4e09：\u5206\u7247 Arena \u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u6279\u91cf\u586b\u5145（Chunk Filling）<\/h4>\n

        \u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 tcache \u4e2d\u7684 64 \u5b57\u8282\u69fd\u4f4d\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u5411\u5e95\u5c42\u7533\u8bf7 1 \u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5411\u5176\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684 Arena\u201c\u6279\u53d1\u201d\u4e00\u5927\u6279（\u5982 64 \u4e2a）\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u586b\u5145\u8fdb tcache（Batch Filling）；<\/li>\n
        • \u5206\u7247 Arena（Sharded Arenas）：Jemalloc \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6839\u636e CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u521b\u5efa $4 \\\\times N_{\\\\text{cores}}$ \u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 Arena\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u6563\u5217\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Arena \u4e0a，\u5373\u4f7f\u5411\u5e95\u5c42\u6279\u53d1\u5185\u5b58，\u4e0d\u540c\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9501\u51b2\u7a81\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a00\u91ca\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u500d！<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n

          \u56db\u3001Netty PooledByteBufAllocator \u5bf9 Jemalloc \u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5de5\u7a0b\u590d\u523b<\/h4>\n

          Java Netty \u6846\u67b6\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5806\u5916\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u6c60，\u5728\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a 100% \u6df1\u5ea6\u501f\u9274\u5e76\u590d\u523b\u4e86 Jemalloc \u7684\u67b6\u6784\u601d\u60f3：<\/p>\n

          graph LR
          \n subgraph Netty \u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784 (Jemalloc Java \u590d\u523b\u7248)
          \n PoolThreadCache[PoolThreadCache: \u7ebf\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u65e0\u9501\u7f13\u5b58] –> PoolArena[PoolArena: \u5206\u7247\u533a\u57df (DirectArena \/ HeapArena)]
          \n PoolArena –> PoolChunkList[PoolChunkList: \u7ba1\u7406 16MB \u7684\u5927 Chunk]
          \n PoolChunkList –> PoolChunk[PoolChunk: \u91c7\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4f19\u4f34\u7b97\u6cd5 Buddy Allocation]
          \n PoolChunk –> PoolSubpage[PoolSubpage: \u5c06 8KB Page \u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684 Tiny\/Small \u69fd\u4f4d]
          \n end<\/p>\n

          Netty \u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u5206\u914d\u6781\u901f\u4ee3\u7801：<\/h5>\n

          \/\/ \u4ece Jemalloc \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u4e2d\u5206\u914d 256 \u5b57\u8282
          \nByteBuf buf = PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.directBuffer(256);
          \ntry {
          \n \/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u6781\u901f\u8bfb\u5199
          \n} finally {
          \n \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u5f52\u8fd8\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 PoolThreadCache, \u96f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u96f6 GC \u5783\u573e!
          \n buf.release();
          \n}<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u5168\u666f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n\n\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u5178\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6807\u6746\u5e94\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
          glibc ptmalloc<\/td>\n\u8f83\u5dee（\u591a\u6838\u4e25\u91cd\u9501\u7ade\u4e89）<\/td>\n\u8f83\u5dee（\u957f\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u6613\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5f0f\u81a8\u80c0）<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49<\/td>\nLinux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6807\u51c6\u5e93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Google TCMalloc<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8（ThreadCache \u65e0\u9501）<\/td>\n\u6781\u4f73<\/td>\n\u6781\u4f73<\/td>\nGoogle Chrome\u3001Go \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Jemalloc<\/td>\n\u6781\u81f4（Sharded Arena + tcache）<\/td>\n\u6700\u5f3a（Extents \u6811\u5f62\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5408\u5e76）<\/td>\n\u6781\u4f73<\/td>\nRedis \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5206\u914d\u5668\u3001FreeBSD\u3001Netty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \n

          \u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

          \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e95\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u5bc6\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u8861\u827a\u672f\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u79c1\u6709\u7f13\u5b58（tcache）\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u9501\u4e89\u7528，\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u89c4\u683c（Size Classes）\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u788e\u7247\u9ed1\u6d1e，\u7528\u6279\u91cf\u6279\u53d1\u4e0e\u5206\u7247 Arena \u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u591a\u6838\u541e\u5410\u3002\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3 Jemalloc \u4e0e TCMalloc \u7684\u5185\u6838\u67b6\u6784，\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd C\/C++ \u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u5927\u95e8，\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f60\u5728 Java \u5806\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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