\u56de\u6536\u8282\u70b9\u65f6，\u5148\u653e\u5165\u5f85\u56de\u6536\u94fe\u8868；\u53ea\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b HP \u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9，\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n3. \u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u6e90\u7801 lockfree\/lockfree_queue.hpp<\/h3>\n
#ifndef LOCKFREE_QUEUE_HPP
\n#define LOCKFREE_QUEUE_HPP<\/p>\n
#include <atomic>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <cassert><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b80\u6613HazardPointer \u89e3\u51b3\u65e0\u9501\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u6536，\u907f\u514dABA+\u91ce\u6307\u9488delete
\nclass HazardPointer {
\npublic:
\n static constexpr int MAX_HP = 100;
\n struct HPRecord {
\n std::atomic<std::thread::id> owner;
\n std::atomic<void*> ptr;
\n };
\n static HPRecord hp_records[MAX_HP];
\n std::atomic<HPRecord*> my_hp{nullptr};
\n std::vector<void*> retired_list;<\/p>\n
HazardPointer() {
\n \/\/ \u5206\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684HP\u8bb0\u5f55
\n for (int i = 0; i < MAX_HP; ++i) {
\n std::thread::id empty_id{};
\n if (hp_records[i].owner.compare_exchange_strong(empty_id, std::this_thread::get_id())) {
\n my_hp = &hp_records[i];
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n ~HazardPointer() {
\n retire_all();
\n if(my_hp) my_hp.load()->owner.store(std::thread::id{});
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6807\u8bb0ptr\u4e3a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528
\n void* protect(std::atomic<void*>& src) {
\n void* p;
\n do {
\n p = src.load();
\n if (!p) return nullptr;
\n my_hp.load()->ptr.store(p);
\n } while (src.load() != p);
\n return p;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d6\u6d88\u4fdd\u62a4
\n void unprotect() {
\n if(my_hp) my_hp.load()->ptr.store(nullptr);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5f85\u56de\u6536，\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5220\u9664
\n void retire(void* p) {
\n retired_list.push_back(p);
\n if(retired_list.size() >= 100) {
\n scan_retire();
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
void scan_retire() {
\n std::vector<void*> remain;
\n for(auto* p : retired_list) {
\n bool hazard = false;
\n for(int i=0;i<MAX_HP;i++) {
\n void* hp_p = hp_records[i].ptr.load();
\n if(hp_p == p) {
\n hazard = true;
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n if(hazard) remain.push_back(p);
\n else delete p;
\n }
\n retired_list.swap(remain);
\n }
\n void retire_all() {
\n scan_retire();
\n for(auto* p : retired_list) delete p;
\n retired_list.clear();
\n }
\n};
\nHazardPointer::HPRecord HazardPointer::hp_records[HazardPointer::MAX_HP]{};<\/p>\n
template<typename T>
\nclass LockFreeQueue
\n{
\nprivate:
\n struct Node
\n {
\n T* data;
\n std::atomic<Node*> next;
\n Node() : data(nullptr), next(nullptr) {}
\n explicit Node(T&& val) : data(new T(std::move(val))), next(nullptr) {}
\n ~Node() { delete data; }
\n };<\/p>\n
std::atomic<Node*> head_;
\n std::atomic<Node*> tail_;
\npublic:
\n LockFreeQueue()
\n {
\n Node* dummy = new Node();
\n head_.store(dummy);
\n tail_.store(dummy);
\n }<\/p>\n
~LockFreeQueue()
\n {
\n Node* cur = head_.load();
\n while (cur != nullptr)
\n {
\n Node* temp = cur;
\n cur = cur->next.load();
\n delete temp;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5165\u961f
\n void enqueue(T&& val)
\n {
\n Node* new_node = new Node(std::move(val));
\n Node* old_tail;
\n while (true)
\n {
\n old_tail = tail_.load();
\n Node* next = old_tail->next.load();
\n if (old_tail != tail_.load()) continue;
\n if (next == nullptr)
\n {
\n if (old_tail->next.compare_exchange_weak(next, new_node))
\n {
\n tail_.compare_exchange_weak(old_tail, new_node);
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n tail_.compare_exchange_weak(old_tail, next);
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u51fa\u961f，\u589e\u52a0HP\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4，\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u6536\u8282\u70b9
\n bool dequeue(T& out)
\n {
\n HazardPointer hp;
\n Node* old_head;
\n while (true)
\n {
\n old_head = static_cast<Node*>(hp.protect(reinterpret_cast<std::atomic<void*>&>(head_)));
\n if (!old_head) return false;
\n Node* old_tail = tail_.load();
\n Node* next = old_head->next.load();
\n if (old_head != head_.load()) continue;
\n if (old_head == old_tail)
\n {
\n if (next == nullptr)
\n {
\n hp.unprotect();
\n return false;
\n }
\n tail_.compare_exchange_weak(old_tail, next);
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n if (head_.compare_exchange_weak(old_head, next))
\n {
\n out = *(next->data);
\n hp.retire(old_head);
\n hp.unprotect();
\n return true;
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
#endif<\/p>\n
4. \u538b\u6d4b\u4ee3\u7801 main.cpp（\u5b9e\u6d4b\u541e\u5410）<\/p>\n
#include "lockfree\/lockfree_queue.hpp"
\n#include <iostream>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <chrono>
\n#include <atomic><\/p>\n
int main()
\n{
\n LockFreeQueue<int> q;
\n const int per_thread_cnt = 500000;
\n const int producer_cnt = 4;
\n const int consumer_cnt = 4;
\n std::vector<std::thread> threads;
\n auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u751f\u4ea7\u8005
\n for(int i = 0; i < producer_cnt; i++)
\n {
\n threads.emplace_back([&q, i, per_thread_cnt](){
\n for(int j = 0; j < per_thread_cnt; j++)
\n {
\n q.enqueue(std::move(i * per_thread_cnt + j));
\n }
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
std::atomic<long long> sum{0};
\n \/\/ \u6d88\u8d39\u8005
\n for(int i = 0; i < consumer_cnt; i++)
\n {
\n threads.emplace_back([&q, &sum](){
\n int val;
\n while(q.dequeue(val))
\n {
\n sum += val;
\n }
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
for(auto& t : threads)
\n t.join();
\n auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
\n auto dur = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end – start);
\n std::cout << "\u8017\u65f6：" << dur.count() << " ms\\\\n";
\n std::cout << "sum = " << sum.load() << std::endl;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n
g++ main.cpp -o lockfree_test -std=c++17 -pthread -O2
\n.\/lockfree_test<\/p>\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0 -O2 \u4f18\u5316，\u5426\u5219\u6027\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u771f，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u5f00\u542f\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u5b9e\u6d4b\u6548\u679c & \u5bf9\u6bd4（\u91cd\u70b9，\u8d34\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528）<\/h3>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883：4 \u6838 8 \u7ebf\u7a0b CPU<\/p>\n
\n- 4 \u751f\u4ea7\u8005 + 4 \u6d88\u8d39\u8005，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5199\u5165 50 \u4e07\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- \u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217（\u5e26 HP \u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536） \u603b\u8017\u65f6：\u7ea6 120~180ms，\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u4e3a 0，\u65e0\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u963b\u585e；CPU \u81ea\u65cb\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n
- std::mutex + std::queue \u7248\u672c \u540c\u6837\u538b\u6d4b，\u8017\u65f6：350~600ms\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d8a\u591a\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8，\u5dee\u8ddd\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n
\u2705 \u9002\u5408\u573a\u666f：\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u961f\u5217\u3001IO \u4e8b\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u53d1 \u26a0\ufe0f \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u573a\u666f：\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u3001CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u5f20\u673a\u5668，\u81ea\u65cb\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39 CPU，\u6b64\u65f6 mutex \u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n
6. \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae\u3010\u65b0\u589e\u7ae0\u8282\u3011<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u7248，\u843d\u5730\u5230\u7ebf\u4e0a\u9879\u76ee，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u8f6e\u4f18\u5316，\u517c\u987e\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
6.1 \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n
- \u590d\u7528\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58，\u51cf\u5c11 new\/delete \u642d\u914d\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6c60，\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u961f\u5217\u8282\u70b9\u3002enqueue \u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u62ff\u8282\u70b9，dequeue \u56de\u6536\u653e\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u6c60，\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528 new \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5806\u5f00\u9500，\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e0e CacheLine \u586b\u5145（\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab\u89c4\u907f） head_\u3001tail_\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c Cache Line\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9891\u7e41\u8bfb\u5199\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u91cf，\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 CPU \u7f13\u5b58\u4f2a\u5171\u4eab，\u4e25\u91cd\u964d\u4f4e\u6027\u80fd\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528alignas(64)\u5c06 head\u3001tail \u5206\u9694\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
alignas(64) std::atomic<Node*> head_;
\nalignas(64) std::atomic<Node*> tail_;<\/p>\n
6.2 \u81ea\u65cb\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316（\u964d\u4f4e CPU \u7a7a\u8f6c）<\/h4>\n
\u539f\u751f while (true) \u65e0\u9650\u81ea\u65cb\u4f1a\u628a CPU \u6253\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n
\n- \u77ed\u81ea\u65cb：CAS \u5931\u8d25\u5148\u5faa\u73af\u51e0\u5341\u6b21\u91cd\u8bd5；\u591a\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u8c03\u7528std::this_thread::yield()\u8ba9\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u7247；<\/li>\n
- \u4f4e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u573a\u666f：\u81ea\u65cb\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570\u540e\u77ed\u6682 sleep，\u51cf\u5c11 CPU \u5360\u7528；<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u9002\u7528：\u4e0d\u60f3\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u9ad8 CPU \u7684\u670d\u52a1；\u4ee3\u4ef7：\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8f7b\u5fae\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
6.3 Hazard Pointer \u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n
- HP \u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8 thread_local，\u51cf\u5c11\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89；<\/li>\n
- \u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574 retired_list \u9608\u503c：\u4e0d\u8981\u56fa\u5b9a 100，\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u961f\u5217\u538b\u529b\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u56de\u6536\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\u673a；<\/li>\n
- \u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u9879\u76ee，\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a EBR（Epoch \u56de\u6536），\u5f00\u9500\u6bd4 HP \u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n
6.4 \u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n
- \u589e\u52a0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u7edf\u8ba1（\u539f\u5b50\u8ba1\u6570），\u65b9\u4fbf\u76d1\u63a7\u961f\u5217\u5806\u79ef，\u505a\u9650\u6d41\u3001\u544a\u8b66；<\/li>\n
- \u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u65f6\u51fa\u961f\u63a5\u53e3，\u907f\u514d\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u65e0\u9650\u81ea\u65cb\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af；<\/li>\n
- \u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650，\u9632\u6b62\u6d88\u606f\u66b4\u6da8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n
6.5 \u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u8c03\u4f18<\/h4>\n
- \u751f\u4ea7\u7f16\u8bd1 -O2，\u4e0d\u8981\u7528 O3，O3 \u90e8\u5206\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4f18\u5316\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u539f\u5b50\u8bed\u4e49；<\/li>\n
- \u53ef\u589e\u52a0-march=native，\u542f\u7528\u5f53\u524d CPU \u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6，\u63d0\u5347 CAS \u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387；<\/li>\n
- \u4e0d\u540c CPU \u67b6\u6784（ARM\u3001\u9f99\u82af）\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u538b\u6d4b，\u539f\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n
6.6 \u4e1a\u52a1\u9009\u578b\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n
- \u8bfb\u5199\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u573a\u666f：\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u591a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5c11，\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u6279\u91cf\u5165\u961f\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u51fa\u961f，\u51cf\u5c11 CAS \u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570；<\/li>\n
- \u4e0d\u8981\u76f2\u76ee\u66ff\u6362：\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4f18\u5148\u7528std::mutex\u961f\u5217，\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u5355\u3001bug \u66f4\u5c11；<\/li>\n
- \u591a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5355\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u573a\u666f：\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 SPSC \u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217，\u6bd4 MPSC \u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7b80\u5355，\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n
7. \u9762\u8bd5 & \u5de5\u7a0b\u95ee\u7b54<\/h3>\n
- \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u7840\u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7？<\/li>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u4e24\u70b9：\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u53d1 delete \u4f1a\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u5d29\u6e83；\u5b58\u5728 ABA \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5355\u7eaf\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u6307\u9488\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536，Hazard Pointer \u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
- Hazard Pointer \u539f\u7406？<\/li>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u524d\u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528；\u56de\u6536\u8282\u70b9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u91ca\u653e，\u786e\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f15\u7528\u540e\u518d delete\u3002<\/p>\n
- \u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4 mutex \u5feb？<\/li>\n
\u4e0d\u662f！\u4f4e\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f mutex \u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u591a\u3001\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u65f6，\u65e0\u9501\u624d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4f18\u52bf；\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f CPU \u81ea\u65cb，\u529f\u8017\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
- \u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e0\u9501\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6848？<\/li>\n
Epoch Based Reclamation (EBR)\u3001Quiescent State Based Reclamation，HP \u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u7b80\u5355，\u9002\u5408\u5165\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n
8. \u7cfb\u5217\u9884\u544a<\/h3>\n
\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd C++ \u5b9e\u6218\u7cfb\u5217：<\/p>\n
- \u2705 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e std::mutex \u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/li>\n
- \u2705 \u5b9a\u957f\u5185\u5b58\u6c60<\/li>\n
- \u2705 \u672c\u7bc7：\u5de5\u7a0b\u7248 CAS \u65e0\u9501\u961f\u5217（HP \u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536 + \u751f\u4ea7\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae）<\/li>\n
- \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7：SIMD \u5411\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4，CPU \u7ea7\u5e76\u884c\u52a0\u901f，\u5b9e\u6d4b\u63d0\u901f\u500d\u6570<\/li>\n
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