_capacity\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2ac_str\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u9762\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
const char* c_str()const { return _str; }<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u5728string.cpp\u4e2d，<\/p>\n
#include "string.h"<\/p>\n
namespace kong
\n{
\n void test_string1()
\n {
\n string s1;
\n cout<<s1.c_str()<<endl;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u4e2atest_string1\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728string.h\u91cc\u9762\u7684kong\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e2a\u58f0\u660e，\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728test.cpp\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
#include "string.h"<\/p>\n
int main()
\n{
\n test_string1();
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f:\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef，\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u6f14\u793a\u4e86，\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260925112518-6ab65a1ee1e22.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c45\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u4e86，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u5565\u554a？<\/p>\n
\u539f\u56e0：\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ed9 s1 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6，\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 nullptr \u521d\u59cb\u5316 _str \u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f c_str() \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f const char*，\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c _str \u662f nullptr，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u6307\u9488，\u540e\u7eed\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u89e3\u5f15\u7528 nullptr，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，_str \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a nullptr，\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u653e '\\\\0'，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684：<\/p>\n
string():_str(new char[1]{'\\\\0'}),_size(0),_capacity(0)
\n{ }<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u540e，\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
\/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\nstring(const char* str)
\n{
\nsize_t len = strlen(str);
\n_size = _capacity = len;
\n_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
\nstrcpy(_str, str);
\n}
\n\/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\nstring(const string& str)
\n{
\n_size = str._size;
\n_capacity = str._capacity;
\n_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
\nstrcpy(_str, str._str);
\n}<\/p>\n
2.\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e0e\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bf4，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\u539f\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d4b\u503c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5927\u6216\u8005\u5c0f，\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u5757\u5408\u9002\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898：\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u4f8b\u5982 s1 = s1，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u63d0\u524d\u5224\u65ad，\u800c\u662f\u5148\u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u518d\u4f7f\u7528 strcpy \u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e，\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u91ca\u653e，\u540e\u7eed\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u8d4b\u503c，\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de，\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5757：<\/p>\n
string& operator=(const string& str)
\n{
\nif (this != &str)
\n{
\ndelete[] _str;
\n_size = str._size;
\n_capacity = str._capacity;
\n_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
\nstrcpy(_str, str._str);
\n}
\nreturn *this;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n
~string()
\n{
\n_size = _capacity = 0;
\ndelete[] _str;
\n_str = nullptr;
\n}<\/p>\n
3.\u5c0f\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n
char& operator[] (size_t pos)
\n{
\nassert(pos < _size);
\nreturn _str[pos];
\n}
\nconst char& operator[] (size_t pos)const
\n{
\nassert(pos < _size);
\nreturn _str[pos];
\n}
\nchar& back() { return _str[_size – 1]; }
\nchar& front() { return _str[0]; }
\nsize_t size()const { return _size; }
\nsize_t capacity() { return _capacity; }
\nvoid clear() { _size = 0; }
\nbool empty() {return _capacity == 0 ? true : false;}<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u4e8e[]\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e0bpos\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u5728_size\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u63d2\u5165\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n4.1.push_back\u548cappend\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n
\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u5728\u5411\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ee1\u4e86，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e C++ \u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bf4，\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684 realloc \u4e00\u6837\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u539f\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a realloc \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u539f\u7a7a\u95f4\u540e\u9762\u6269\u5c55，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e，\u800c C++ \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 new[] \u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u7167\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u601d\u8def，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u8f9f\u591a\u5927\u5462？<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e push_back \u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u8bf4，\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5c31\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4：<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165'a' -> \u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u6b21
\n\u63d2\u5165'b' -> \u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u6b21
\n\u63d2\u5165'c' -> \u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u6b21
\n…<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4，\u800c\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
new_capacity = old_capacity * 2;<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5927\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e append \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bf4，\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
push_back \u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26：<\/p>\n
s.push_back('a');<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u500d\u589e\u6269\u5bb9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f append \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：<\/p>\n
s.append("hello");<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u7167\u539f\u6765\u7684 capacity * 2 \u6269\u5bb9，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u524d：<\/p>\n
_size = 10
\n_capacity = 16<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0：<\/p>\n
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"<\/p>\n
\u957f\u5ea6：<\/p>\n
len = 26<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42：<\/p>\n
_size + len = 36<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f：<\/p>\n
_capacity * 2 = 32<\/p>\n
\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e append，\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9：<\/p>\n
new_capacity = _size + len;<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f：\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6 + \u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f：<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n
_size + len > _capacity<\/p>\n
\u624d\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c：<\/p>\n
_size + len <= _capacity<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u5373\u53ef，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5199\u4e86，<\/p>\n
reverse：<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728string.h\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u5c06\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb，\u540e\u9762\u6211\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u5728string.cpp\u4e2d\u5199\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
void reserve(size_t n = 0);
\nvoid push_back(char ch);
\nvoid append(const char* str);<\/p>\n
void string::reserve(size_t n)
\n{
\nif (n > _capacity)
\n{
\n_capacity = n;
\nchar* str = new char[_capacity + 1];
\nstrcpy(str, _str);
\ndelete[] _str;
\n_str = str;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n
push_back：<\/p>\n
void string::push_back(char ch)
\n{
\nif (_size == _capacity)
\n{
\nreserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity);
\n}
\n_str[_size++] = ch;
\n_str[_size] = '\\\\0';
\n}<\/p>\n
append：<\/p>\n
void string::append(const char* str)
\n{
\nsize_t len = strlen(str);
\nif (_size + len > _capacity)
\n{
\nreserve(_size + len);
\n}<\/p>\n
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
\n_size += len;
\n}<\/p>\n
4.2.insert\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n
insert \u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d，\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u63d2\u5165\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26；<\/li>\n
- \u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u6765\u770b\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
str = "hello"<\/p>\n
\u5728 pos = 2 \u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165 'X'<\/p>\n
\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：<\/p>\n
h e l l o
\n0 1 2 3 4<\/p>\n\u63d2\u5165\u540e：<\/p>\n
h e X l l o
\n0 1 2 3 4 5<\/p>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0：\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e pos \u540e\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f：<\/p>\n
pos\u53ca\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26
\n \u2193
\n\u6574\u4f53\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a81\u4f4d<\/p>\n\u79fb\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u540e：<\/p>\n
_str[pos] = ch;<\/p>\n
\u5373\u53ef\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u653e\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fc7\u7a0b\u56fe：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260925112519-6ab65a1f85408.png\")
<\/p>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u5757：<\/p>\n
void string::insert(size_t pos, char ch)
\n{
\nassert(pos <= _size);
\n\/\/ \u6269\u5bb9
\nif (_size == _capacity)
\n{
\nreserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u632a\u52a8\u6570\u636e
\nsize_t end = _size;
\nwhile (end >= pos)
\n{
\n_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
\n–end;
\n}<\/p>\n_str[pos] = ch;
\n_size++;
\n}<\/p>\n\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
void test_string2()
\n{
\n string s1;
\n s1.insert(0,'1');
\n cout<<s1.c_str()<<endl;
\n}<\/p>\n\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f，\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462？<\/p>\n
\u539f\u56e0：<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u52a8\u90e8\u5206：<\/p>\n
size_t end = _size;<\/p>\n
while(end >= pos)
\n{
\n _str[end + 1] = _str[end];
\n –end;
\n}<\/p>\n\u5047\u8bbe：<\/p>\n
s1 = ""<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6：<\/p>\n
_size = 0
\npos = 0<\/p>\n\u8fdb\u5165\u5faa\u73af：<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21：<\/p>\n
end = 0<\/p>\n
\u6ee1\u8db3：<\/p>\n
end >= pos<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n
_str[1] = _str[0];<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e：<\/p>\n
–end;<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6：<\/p>\n
end = -1;<\/p>\n
\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86：<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7684 end \u7c7b\u578b\u662f：size_t，\u800c size_t \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5：-1\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6267\u884c：–end\u65f6，end\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570\u4e0b\u6ea2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u662f：<\/p>\n
-1<\/p>\n
\u800c\u662f：<\/p>\n
18446744073709551615<\/p>\n
（64\u4f4d\u73af\u5883\u4e0b）<\/p>\n
\u4e8e\u662f：<\/p>\n
end >= pos<\/p>\n
\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n
_str[end + 1] = _str[end];<\/p>\n
\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u884c，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5361\u4f4f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 size_t \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0b\u6ea2\u4e0a，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 end \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a int \u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u5417？<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n
int end = _size;<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801，\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u65e7\u51fa\u73b0\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u539f\u56e0：<\/p>\n
\u9519\u8bef\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 while \u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a：<\/p>\n
while(end >= pos)<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5c06：end\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e86：int<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f：pos\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f：size_t，\u800c size_t \u662f\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 C++ \u4e2d，\u5f53\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570\u548c\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6，\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6574\u578b\u63d0\u5347，\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4，int \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 end \u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 size_t \u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u6240\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
void string::insert(size_t pos, char ch)
\n{
\nassert(pos <= _size);
\n\/\/ \u6269\u5bb9
\nif (_size == _capacity)
\n{
\nreserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2);
\n}<\/p>\n\/\/ \u632a\u52a8\u6570\u636e
\n \/\/ version1:
\nint end = _size;
\nwhile (end >= (int)pos)
\n{
\n_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
\n–end;
\n}
\n \/\/ version2:
\n\/*size_t end = _size + 1;
\nwhile (end > pos)
\n {
\n_str[end] = _str[end – 1];
\n–end;
\n}*\/
\n_str[pos] = ch;
\n_size++;
\n}<\/p>\n\u5176\u4e2d\u7248\u672c2\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u63d2\u5165，\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260925112520-6ab65a20d7a67.png\")
<\/p>\n4.3.\u91cd\u8f7d+=\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u90a3\u4e48\u5173\u4e8e+=\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u4e86，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
string& string::operator+= (const string& str)
\n{
\nconst_iterator it = str.cbegin();
\nwhile (it != str.cend())
\n{
\n*this += *it;
\nit++;
\n}<\/p>\nreturn *this;
\n}<\/p>\nstring& string::operator+= (const char* s)
\n{
\nappend(s);<\/p>\nreturn *this;
\n}<\/p>\nstring& string::operator+= (char ch)
\n{
\npush_back(ch);<\/p>\nreturn *this;
\n}<\/p>\n5.\u5220\u9664\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f，\u5f53pos < _size\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u4ece pos \u5f00\u59cb，\u5269\u4f59\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u662f _size – pos，\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53 len >= _size – pos，\u6216\u8005 len == string::npos \u65f6，\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5220\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u628a _str[pos] \u6539\u6210 '\\\\0'，\u518d\u628a _size \u6539\u6210 pos，\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c31\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u5199 '\\\\0' \u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f，\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c len < _size – pos，\u8bf4\u660e\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u6bd4\u5982：<\/p>\n
\u539f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：a b c d e f \\\\0
\n\u4e0b\u6807： 0 1 2 3 4 5 6<\/p>\n\u6267\u884c erase(2, 2)，\u8981\u5220\u6389\u4e0b\u6807 2\u30013 \u7684 c\u3001d\u3002\u4e0b\u6807 4 \u7684 e \u662f\u5220\u9664\u8303\u56f4\u540e\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5b57\u7b26，\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5230\u4e0b\u6807 2，\u586b\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u628a f \u4ece\u4e0b\u6807 5 \u653e\u5230\u4e0b\u6807 3\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u8fd8\u5f97\u628a '\\\\0' \u4ece\u4e0b\u6807 6 \u653e\u5230\u4e0b\u6807 4：<\/p>\n
4 \u2192 2：\u642c e
\n5 \u2192 3：\u642c f
\n6 \u2192 4：\u642c \\\\0<\/p>\n\u7ed3\u679c：a b e f \\\\0<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64，\u632a\u52a8\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u65f6\u5f80\u540e\u8d70：\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ece pos + len \u5f00\u59cb，\u5199\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ece pos \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u642c\u5230\u539f\u6765 _size \u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u628a '\\\\0' \u4e5f\u642c\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u642c\u5b8c\u518d\u6267\u884c _size -= len\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u5f80\u5de6\u632a，\u6309\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u642c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5：\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u524d\u9762，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76d6\u6389\u540e\u9762\u5c1a\u672a\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u73b0\u5728\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2anpos，\u4ec5\u9700static const size_t npos=-1;\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260925112521-6ab65a21ee8fc.png\")
<\/p>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u5757：<\/p>\n
void string::erase(size_t pos, size_t len)
\n{
\nassert(pos < _size);
\n\/\/ pos\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u90fd\u8981\u5220\u9664
\nif (len == string::npos || len >= _size – pos)
\n{
\n_str[pos] = '\\\\0';
\n_size = pos;
\n}
\nelse
\n{
\nfor (size_t i = pos + len; i <= _size; i++)
\n{
\n_str[pos++] = _str[i];
\n}
\n_size -= len;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n6.\u67e5\u627e\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5b9e\u73b0，\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u7b26\u4e00\u904d，\u770b\u770b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26，\u6709\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0b\u6807，\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n
npos，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
size_t string::find(char ch, size_t pos)const
\n{
\nassert(pos < _size);
\nfor (int i = pos; i < _size; i++)
\n{
\nif (_str[i] == ch)
\n{
\nreturn i;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\nreturn npos;
\n}<\/p>\n\u53ef\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u67e5\u627e，\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u5339\u914d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6bd4\u5bf9，\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u89e3\u51b3，\u5373strstr\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
strstr \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a：\u62ff\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u91cc\u627e，\u8c03\u7528\u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u653e\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u653e\u8981\u627e\u7684\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728 "ababcabc" \u91cc\u627e "abc"，\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u68c0\u67e5，\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684 "abc"\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0b\u6807 2，\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5411\u90a3\u4e2a a \u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a a \u662f\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6807 2 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26，\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u90e8；\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f80\u540e\u770b，\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f "abcabc"\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u4ece\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb\u5339\u914d\u201d，\u624d\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6307\u9488\u51cf\u53bb\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u6307\u9488，\u5f97\u5230 2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u65f6，\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9：strstr \u627e\u7684\u662f\u4ee5 '\\\\0' \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u7684 string \u7c7b\u91cc\u7406\u89e3，\u5c31\u662f\u62ff _str \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u53bb\u67e5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u6574\u4e2a string \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
size_t string::find(const char* s, size_t pos )const
\n{
\nassert(pos < _size);<\/p>\nchar*str= strstr(_str, s);
\nif (str == nullptr)
\n{
\nreturn npos;
\n}
\nelse
\n{
\nreturn str – _str;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n7.\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h3>\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u51fd\u6570，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d>，<，==，>=，!=，<=\u5373\u53ef，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u91cd\u8f7d>\u548c==\u5373\u53ef，\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u590d\u7528\u5373\u53ef，\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
bool operator>(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str())>0;
\n}
\nbool operator>=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn s1 > s2 || s1 == s2;
\n}
\nbool operator==(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn strcmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str()) == 0;
\n}
\nbool operator<(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn !(s1 >= s2);
\n}
\nbool operator<=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn !(s1 > s2);
\n}
\nbool operator!=(const string& s1, const string& s2)
\n{
\nreturn !(s1 == s2);
\n}<\/p>\n8.\u91cd\u8f7d>>\u548c<<\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a>>\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7b80\u5355，\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u5373\u53ef，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& str)
\n{
\nfor (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
\n{
\nout << str[i];
\n}<\/p>\nreturn out;
\n}<\/p>\n\u81f3\u4e8e\u6d41\u63d0\u53d6：<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528 str.clear()，\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u4ece\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7528 in.get() \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c ' '，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6362\u884c\u7b26 '\\\\n'，\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7 str += ch \u5c06\u5b83\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u672b\u5c3e，\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u662f "hello world\\\\n"：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6，h\u3001e\u3001l\u3001l\u3001o \u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u52a0\u5165 str；\u8bfb\u5230\u7a7a\u683c\u540e\u505c\u6b62，\u5f97\u5230 "hello"\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6，\u4f1a\u4ece w \u5f00\u59cb，\u8bfb\u5230\u6362\u884c\u540e\u505c\u6b62，\u5f97\u5230 "world"\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u6362\u884c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab get() \u53d6\u8d70，\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de in \u7684\u5f15\u7528，\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165，\u4f8b\u5982 cin >> str1 >> str2：\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6d41，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u8fd9\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898：\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f（EOF）\u3002in.get() \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u8bfb\u201d；\u4ee3\u7801\u5374\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u5b83\u5b58\u8fdb char ch，\u968f\u540e\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u6362\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u675f，\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8bfb\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u9010\u5b57\u7b26\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def，\u4f46\u535a\u5ba2\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9，\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7a7a\u683c，\u5f00\u5934\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u65f6，\u672c\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5757：<\/p>\n
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& str)
\n{
\nstr.clear();
\nchar ch = in.get();
\nwhile (ch != '\\\\n' && ch != ' ')
\n{
\nstr += ch;
\nch = in.get();
\n}<\/p>\nreturn in;
\n}<\/p>\n\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2astr\u662f\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u554a！\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u554a，\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u5b57\u7b26\u5230str\u4e2d，\u90a3\u4e0d\u5c31\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u5417？\u8fd9\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3：\u90a3\u6211\u7528reserve\u6765\u63d0\u524d\u5f00\u597d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u5417？\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u5f00\u591a\u5927\u5462？\u5f00100\u7684\u8bdd，\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5c31\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u90a3\u5269\u4e0b\u768499\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u5c31\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u5417？\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e86\u5417？\u6709\u7684，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& str)
\n{
\n str.clear();<\/p>\nchar buffer[128];
\n int i = 0;
\n int ch = in.get();
\n while (ch != std::char_traits<char>::eof()&& ch != '\\\\n'&& ch != ' ')
\n {
\n buffer[i++] = static_cast<char>(ch);<\/p>\n\/\/ \u6512\u591f 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u7559\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u653e '\\\\0'
\n if (i == 127)
\n {
\n buffer[i] = '\\\\0';
\n str += buffer;
\n i = 0;
\n }<\/p>\nch = in.get();
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6ca1\u8ffd\u52a0
\n if (i > 0)
\n {
\n buffer[i] = '\\\\0';
\n str += buffer;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn in;
\n}<\/p>\n\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7buffer\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26，\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6，\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u5230str\u4e2d，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
9.\u91cd\u8f7d+\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355，\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef：<\/p>\n
string operator+ (const string& lhs, const string& rhs)
\n{
\nstring tmp(lhs);
\ntmp += rhs;<\/p>\nreturn tmp;
\n}
\nstring operator+ (const string& lhs, const char* rhs)
\n{
\nstring tmp(lhs);
\ntmp += rhs;<\/p>\nreturn tmp;
\n}
\nstring operator+ (const char* lhs, const string& rhs)
\n{
\nstring tmp(lhs);
\ntmp += rhs;<\/p>\nreturn tmp;
\n}<\/p>\n10.\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e\u53cd\u8f6c\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u4ea4\u6362\u51fd\u6570，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u7684，\u5982\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n
void string::swap(string& str)
\n{
\nstd::swap(_str, str._str);
\nstd::swap(_size, str._size);
\nstd::swap(_capacity, str._capacity);
\n}<\/p>\n\u53cd\u8f6c\u51fd\u6570，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7248\u7684\u5373\u53ef：<\/p>\n
void string::reverse(iterator begin, iterator end)
\n{
\niterator left = begin, right = end – 1;<\/p>\nwhile (left < right)
\n{
\nstd::swap(*left, *right);
\nleft++;
\nright–;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n11.\u4f18\u5316\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u4e86，\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
string(const string& str)
\n{
\nstring tmp(str);
\nswap(tmp);
\n}<\/p>\nstring& operator=(const string& str)
\n{
\nif (this != &str)
\n{
\nstring tmp(str);
\nswap(tmp);
\n}
\nreturn *this;
\n}<\/p>\n\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u8981\u68c0\u67e5：\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5728 swap(tmp) \u524d\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684？<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u6839\u636e str \u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61：<\/p>\n
- string tmp(str._str) \u5148\u8c03\u7528 const char* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570，\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58，\u590d\u5236 str \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5185\u5bb9\u3002tmp \u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
- swap(tmp) \u628a tmp \u7684 _str\u3001_size\u3001_capacity \u4ea4\u6362\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u6784\u9020\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
- tmp \u79bb\u5f00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5e76\u6790\u6784，\u91ca\u653e\u5b83\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u6b65：**\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u521a\u8fdb\u5165\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8981\u8c03\u7528 swap \u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002**\u5982\u679c _str\u3001_size\u3001_capacity \u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u5185\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c，\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u91cc，swap \u5c31\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6210\u5458；\u4e4b\u540e tmp \u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64，\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u7684\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u6210\u5458\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c，\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5148\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u7a7a\u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7c7b\u91cc\u5199\u4e86 _str = nullptr\u3001_size = 0\u3001_capacity = 0 \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6210\u5458\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c，\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u590d\u5199\u8fd9\u4efd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199：<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260925112522-6ab65a228276c.png\")
<\/p>\n\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684？<\/p>\n
\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6，\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6784\u9020\u597d\u4e86，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa tmp \u518d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u540e，\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9，tmp \u62ff\u8d70\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65e7\u5185\u5bb9；\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6，tmp \u7684\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u8d1f\u8d23\u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u5185\u5bb9\u3002if (this != &str) \u5219\u907f\u514d\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u767d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
12.\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d<\/h3>\n
\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210：\u590d\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u5148\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u5b57\u7b26，\u7b49\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u771f\u7684\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6，\u518d\u7ed9\u5b83\u5355\u72ec\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62ff\u4f60\u7684 string \u7c7b\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe a \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f "abc"，\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c b = a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u4e3a b \u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4，\u628a a \u7684 "abc" \u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u800c\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4f1a\u5148\u8ba9 a \u548c b \u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4efd "abc"，\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u6709 2 \u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7528\u8fd9\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6：\u4f8b\u5982\u67e5\u770b a\u3001b \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6539\u6570\u636e，\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5171\u7528，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u51c6\u5907\u4fee\u6539：\u4f8b\u5982\u628a b[0] \u6539\u6210 'x'\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5171\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u6539，a \u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u53d8\u6210 "xbc"，\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u524d，\u5148\u4e3a b \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd "abc"，\u8ba9 b \u8131\u79bb\u5171\u4eab；\u7136\u540e\u53ea\u4fee\u6539 b \u7684\u90a3\u4efd\u3002\u6700\u7ec8 a \u662f "abc"，b \u662f "xbc"\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5199\u65f6\u201d，\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u5171\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6539\u4e86，\u518d\u53bb\u590d\u5236，\u5c31\u665a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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