\u00a0<\/p>\n
1. \u51fd\u6570\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u95ed\u5305\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u504f\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u53ef\u67e5\u770b __closure__；\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u542b\u666e\u901a\u3001\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668，\u5e76\u7528 functools.wraps \u4fdd\u7559\u5143\u4fe1\u606f；functools.partial \u56fa\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570；\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec map\/filter\/reduce\u3001lambda\u3001operator\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
from functools import wraps<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
def log(func):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 @wraps(func)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 print(f"call {func.__name__}")<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 return func(*args, **kwargs)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 return wrapper<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
@log<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 return a + b<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
2. \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u73b0 __iter__，\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0 __iter__ \u548c __next__\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u7528 yield \u60f0\u6027\u6c42\u503c，\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58，\u652f\u6301 send()\u3001throw()\u3001close()\u3001yield from\u3002itertools \u63d0\u4f9b chain\u3001groupby\u3001product\u3001permutations\u3001islice \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
def count_down(n):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 while n > 0:<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 yield n<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 n -= 1<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
for i in count_down(3):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 print(i)<\/p>\n
```<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
3. \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0with \u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90，\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0 __enter__ \u548c __exit__\u3002contextlib.contextmanager \u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5feb\u901f\u5199\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668，contextlib.ExitStack \u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
from contextlib import contextmanager<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
@contextmanager<\/p>\n
def open_file(path):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 f = open(path)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 try:<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 yield f<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 finally:<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 f.close()<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
4. \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u9636<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec __new__\u3001__init__\u3001__call__\u3001__getattr__\u3001__setattr__\u3001__getitem__\u3001__eq__\u3001__hash__\u3001__str__\u3001__repr__ \u7b49\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca property\u3001__slots__\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e MRO \u4f7f\u7528 C3 \u7b97\u6cd5\u548c super()\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u7528 abc.ABC\u3001@abstractmethod\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u7528 @dataclass\u3002\u5143\u7c7b\u4e2d type \u662f\u5143\u7c7b，metaclass= \u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa，ORM \u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
class MyMeta(type):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 attrs["version"] = 1<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
class A(metaclass=MyMeta):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 pass<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
print(A.version) # 1<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
5. \u5143\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u52a8\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\u7528 getattr\u3001setattr\u3001hasattr\u3001delattr\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165\u7528 importlib.import_module\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u52a0\u5143\u7c7b\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6ce8\u518c\u8868\u3002exec \/ eval \u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u53cd\u5c04\u4e0e\u5185\u7701\u7528 inspect \u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
6. \u5e76\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0GIL \u662f CPython \u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u5408 IO \u5bc6\u96c6，\u4e0d\u9002\u5408 CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7528 threading\u3001Lock\u3001Queue\u3002\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528 multiprocessing \u7ed5\u8fc7 GIL\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u7528 concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor\u3001ProcessPoolExecutor\u3002\u5f02\u6b65 IO \u7528 asyncio\u3001async\/await\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3001Task\u3001Future\u3002IO \u5bc6\u96c6\u9009\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65，CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u9009\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u9009 asyncio + aiohttp \/ httpx\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 print("done")<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
7. \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u52a0\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536，\u542b\u6807\u8bb0\u6e05\u9664\u3001\u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7528 gc \u6a21\u5757\u3001weakref \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u3002__slots__ \u51cf\u5c11\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7528 cProfile\u3001timeit\u3001memory_profiler\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4ee3\u66ff\u5927\u5217\u8868\u3001functools.lru_cache \u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u5168\u5c40\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n
8. \u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0typing \u63d0\u4f9b List\u3001Dict\u3001Optional\u3001Union\u3001Callable\u3001TypeVar\u3001Generic\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7c7b\u578b\u6709 Protocol\u3001TypedDict\u3001Literal\u3001NewType\u3002\u652f\u6301\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u5177\u7528 mypy\u3001pyright\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
python<\/p>\n
from typing import TypeVar, Generic<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
T = TypeVar("T")<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
class Box(Generic[T]):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 def __init__(self, value: T):<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 self.value = value<\/p>\n
```<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
9. \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u8fdb\u9636<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0collections \u63d0\u4f9b defaultdict\u3001Counter\u3001deque\u3001namedtuple\u3002itertools \u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u6392\u5217\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3002functools \u63d0\u4f9b lru_cache\u3001partial\u3001reduce\u3001wraps\u3002contextlib \u63d0\u4f9b contextmanager\u3001suppress\u3001ExitStack\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u6709 pathlib\u3001logging\u3001argparse\u3001subprocess\u3001json\u3001pickle\u3001sqlite3\u3001asyncio\u3001concurrent.futures\u3001multiprocessing\u3002<\/p>\n
10. \u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u6001<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7528 venv\u3001pip\u3001poetry\u3002\u6253\u5305\u53d1\u5e03\u7528 pyproject.toml\u3001setuptools\u3001build\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528 pytest\u3001unittest\u3001mock\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7528 black\u3001ruff\u3001flake8\u3001mypy\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u5355\u4f8b\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u6709 Django\u3001Flask\u3001FastAPI\u3001SQLAlchemy\u3001Pandas\u3001NumPy\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \u51fd\u6570\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u95ed\u5305\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u504f\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u53ef\u67e5\u770b __closure__；\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u542b\u666e\u901a\u3001\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u88c5\u9970\u5668，\u5e76\u7528 functools.wraps \u4fdd\u7559\u5143\u4fe1\u606f；functools.partial \u56fa\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570；\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec map\/filter\/reduce\u3001lambda\u3001operator\u3002pythonfrom functools import wrapsdef log(func):wraps(func)de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-109465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-python"],"yoast_head":"\n