{"id":109459,"date":"2026-09-24T07:48:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T23:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/109459.html"},"modified":"2026-09-24T07:48:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T23:48:46","slug":"linux-%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%8e%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e5%ba%93%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/109459.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\uff1a\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u5230\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e93<\/h3>\n

\u5728 Linux \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5e93（Library）\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u9884\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7801（Object Code）\u7684\u96c6\u5408，\u5b83\u628a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5e93\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5，\u5b83\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u590d\u7f16\u5199\u5e95\u5c42\u529f\u80fd，\u53ea\u9700\u94fe\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e93\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898：\u4e00\u662f\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u7f16\u8bd1\u76f8\u540c\u4ee3\u7801，\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387；\u4e8c\u662f\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u5316，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684 printf\u3001malloc \u7b49\u51fd\u6570，\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u5e76\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u5e93\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u770b，\u5e93\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e：\u6e90\u7801\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u800c\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ea7\u7269，\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9，\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5e93\u7684\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5e93\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

Linux \u4e0b\u7684\u5e93\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b：\u9759\u6001\u5e93（Static Library）\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93（Dynamic Library），\u4e5f\u53eb\u5171\u4eab\u5e93（Shared Library）\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u673a\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1 \u9759\u6001\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u8be5\u5e93，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5 lib \u5f00\u5934，\u4ee5 .a \u7ed3\u5c3e，\u4f8b\u5982 libmylib.a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5f3a，\u90e8\u7f72\u7b80\u5355，\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e93；\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u65f6，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4efd\u5e93\u4ee3\u7801，\u9020\u6210\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39，\u4e14\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d，\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u5e93\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5 lib \u5f00\u5934，\u4ee5 .so \u7ed3\u5c3e，\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u7248\u672c\u53f7，\u4f8b\u5982 libmylib.so.1.0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab，\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4；\u5e93\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u8c03\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u53ea\u9700\u66ff\u6362\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u5e94\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e93，\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5e93\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879\u9759\u6001\u5e93（.a）\u52a8\u6001\u5e93（.so）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u673a<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u94fe\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d<\/td>\nlibxxx.a<\/td>\nlibxxx.so<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f53\u79ef<\/td>\n\u8f83\u5927<\/td>\n\u8f83\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u7ef4\u62a4<\/td>\n\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u66ff\u6362\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. \u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u5e93<\/h3>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u522b\u751f\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u4ef6 mytool.c，\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

int add(int a, int b) {
\n return a + b;
\n}
\nint multiply(int a, int b) {
\nreturn a * b;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 mytool.h \u58f0\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

#ifndef MYTOOL_H
\n#define MYTOOL_H
\nint add(int a, int b);
\nint multiply(int a, int b);
\n#endif<\/p>\n

3.1 \u751f\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u751f\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u6b65：\u5148\u5c06\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6，\u518d\u7528 ar \u5de5\u5177\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

# \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6
\ngcc -c mytool.c -o mytool.o
\n# \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u7528 ar \u6253\u5305\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93
\nar rcs libmytool.a mytool.o<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d ar \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u542b\u4e49\u4e3a：r \u8868\u793a\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u4ef6，c \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u5e93，s \u8868\u793a\u751f\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u751f\u6210\u540e\u53ef\u7528 ar -t libmytool.a \u67e5\u770b\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528 gcc -shared \u9009\u9879，\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u52a0\u4e0a -fPIC \u751f\u6210\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u4ee3\u7801，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5e93\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

# \u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93
\ngcc -fPIC -shared mytool.c -o libmytool.so<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5e26\u7248\u672c\u53f7，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u547d\u540d：<\/p>\n

gcc -fPIC -shared mytool.c -o libmytool.so.1.0<\/p>\n

3.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h4>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f main.c \u8c03\u7528\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570：<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include "mytool.h"
\nint main() {
\n printf("3 + 5 = %d\\\\n", add(3, 5));
\n printf("3 * 5 = %d\\\\n", multiply(3, 5));
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u7f16\u8bd1：<\/p>\n

gcc main.c -L. -lmytool -o app_static<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7f16\u8bd1：<\/p>\n

gcc main.c -L. -lmytool -o app_dynamic<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d -L. \u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55，-lmytool \u8868\u793a\u94fe\u63a5\u540d\u4e3a libmytool \u7684\u5e93\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u6216\u66f4\u65b0 ldconfig \u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6613\u9519\u70b9<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898，\u4e0b\u9762\u603b\u7ed3\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u63d0\u793a cannot find -lmytool，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d，\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u7528 -L \u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728，\u5e76\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a -L \u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u529f，\u4f46\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u63d0\u793a error while loading shared libraries: libmytool.so: cannot open shared object file\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u627e\u5230，\u800c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd：<\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00：\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
\nexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
\n.\/app_dynamic
\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c：\u5c06\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e
\nsudo ldconfig \/path\/to\/lib<\/p>\n

4.3 \u5fd8\u8bb0\u52a0 -fPIC<\/h4>\n

\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u52a0 -fPIC，\u5728 64 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u62a5\u9519 relocation R_X86_64_32 against … can not be used when making a shared object\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u65f6\u59cb\u7ec8\u52a0\u4e0a -fPIC \u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

4.4 \u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u540c\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/h4>\n

\u5f53\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 libmytool.a \u548c libmytool.so \u65f6，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f18\u5148\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5e93，\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a -static \u9009\u9879，\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

# \u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5e93
\ngcc main.c -L. -static -lmytool -o app_static_force<\/p>\n

4.5 \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n

\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u4f46\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u8d25，\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u7248\u672c，\u4fee\u6539\u63a5\u53e3\u540e\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e93\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8981\u70b9，\u5c31\u80fd\u5728 Linux \u4e0b\u719f\u7ec3\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93，\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5 Linux \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u5c55\u5f00，\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5e93\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528，\u518d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4e24\u7c7b\u5e93\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02，\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528 gcc \u548c ar \u751f\u6210\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93，\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e93\u3001\u5fd8\u8bb0 -fPIC\u3001\u540c\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u4ee5\u53ca\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u6839\u636e\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b：\u8ffd\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u7f72\u53ef\u9009\u9759\u6001\u5e93，\u8ffd\u6c42\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u66f4\u65b0\u53ef\u9009\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u65f6\u52a1\u5fc5\u52a0\u4e0a -fPIC，\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u901a\u8fc7 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u6216 ldconfig \u914d\u7f6e\u5e93\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84，\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u81f4，\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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