\n| private<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n | \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ec6\u8282：<\/li>\n\n- \u4f7f\u7528class\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f private；<\/li>\n
- \u4f7f\u7528struct\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f public；<\/li>\n
- \u2705\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u53ea\u7528public\u7ee7\u627f；protected\/private\u7ee7\u627f\u6781\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528，\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e09\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f：<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n void Print() { cout << _name << endl; }
\nprotected:
\n string _name;
\nprivate:
\n int _age;
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/ class Student : protected Person;
\n\/\/ class Student : private Person;
\nclass Student : public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _stunum;
\n};<\/p>\n 1.3 \u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b（\u6a21\u677f\u7236\u7c7b）<\/h4>\n\u5982\u679c\u7236\u7c7b\u662f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f，\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u4e0a\u57fa\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u57df，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u3002 \u4f8b：stack \u7ee7\u627f vector，\u6a21\u62df\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n namespace bit
\n{
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass stack : public std::vector<T>
\n{
\npublic:
\n void push(const T& x)
\n {
\n \/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u5199 vector<T>::push_back(x);
\n \/\/ push_back(x); \/\/\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u6a21\u677f\u6309\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u540d\u5b57
\n vector<T>::push_back(x);
\n }
\n void pop()
\n {
\n vector<T>::pop_back();
\n }
\n const T& top()
\n {
\n return vector<T>::back();
\n }
\n bool empty()
\n {
\n return vector<T>::empty();
\n }
\n};
\n}<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n bit::stack<int> st;
\n st.push(1);
\n st.push(2);
\n st.push(3);
\n while(!st.empty())
\n {
\n cout << st.top() << " ";
\n st.pop();
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362（\u5207\u7247 \/ \u5207\u5272 slicing）<\/h3>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d2433e19b.png\") <\/p>\n
\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9public \u516c\u6709\u7ee7\u627f<\/p>\n - \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u3001\u57fa\u7c7b\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n
\u5207\u7247（\u5207\u5272）：\u628a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\u9762\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5207\u51fa\u6765，\u4ea4\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5207\u6389\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n string _name;
\n string _sex;
\n int _age;
\n};<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n int _No; \/\/\u5b66\u53f7
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Student sobj;<\/p>\n \/\/1.\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b \u2192 \u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488
\n Person* pp = &sobj;
\n \/\/2.\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b \u2192 \u57fa\u7c7b\u5f15\u7528
\n Person& rp = sobj;
\n \/\/3.\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61（\u53d1\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247，\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020）
\n Person pobj = sobj;<\/p>\n \/\/ \u274c\u57fa\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61，\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519
\n \/\/ sobj = pobj;<\/p>\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \n- \u57fa\u7c7b\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488\u5982\u679c\u672c\u6765\u6307\u5411\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6307\u9488；\u5b89\u5168\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u9762\u591a\u6001\u7ae0\u8282\u5b66\u4e60dynamic_cast\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. \u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u9690\u85cf（name\u2011hiding）<\/h3>\n - \u57fa\u7c7b\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6210\u5458\u9690\u85cf（\u906e\u853d）：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u548c\u57fa\u7c7b\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458，\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u5c4f\u853d\u57fa\u7c7b\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n
\u6ce8\u610f：\u53ea\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u6837\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf，\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e5f\u9690\u85cf，\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u8f7d！\u91cd\u8f7d\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df！<\/p>\n - \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458，\u4f7f\u7528 \u57fa\u7c7b::\u6210\u5458\u540d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u57df\u3002<\/li>\n
\u5de5\u7a0b\u7f16\u7801\u5efa\u8bae：\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u5199\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458，\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n \u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u9690\u85cf\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\nclass Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n string _name = "\u5c0f\u674e\u5b50";
\n int _num = 111; \/\/\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7
\n};<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n void Print()
\n {
\n cout << "\u59d3\u540d:" << _name << endl;
\n cout << "\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7:" << Person::_num << endl; \/\/\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u57fa\u7c7b\u57df\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u6210\u5458
\n cout << "\u5b66\u53f7:" << _num << endl;
\n }
\nprotected:
\n int _num = 999; \/\/\u5b66\u53f7，\u548c\u7236\u7c7b_num\u540c\u540d，\u53d1\u751f\u9690\u85cf
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Student s1;
\n s1.Print();
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u9690\u85cf（\u91cd\u70b9\u9009\u62e9\u9898）<\/h4>\nclass A
\n{
\npublic:
\n void fun()
\n {
\n cout << "A::fun()" << endl;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n class B : public A
\n{
\npublic:
\n \/\/\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u540c，\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c，\u6784\u6210\u3010\u9690\u85cf\u3011，\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u8f7d！
\n void fun(int i)
\n {
\n cout << "B::fun(int i)" << i << endl;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n B b;
\n b.fun(10); \/\/\u8c03\u7528B::fun(int)
\n \/\/ b.fun(); \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u5b50\u7c7b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u628a\u7236\u7c7bfun()\u9690\u85cf\u4e86！
\n b.A::fun(); \/\/\u60f3\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7248\u672c，\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u57df
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u8003\u70b9：\u91cd\u8f7d\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df；\u7236\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570，\u4e0d\u7ba1\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u6837，\u90fd\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n 4. \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4 6 \u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d243573f6.png\") <\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 6 \u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570：\u6784\u9020\u3001\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u6790\u6784\u3001\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d2437ac94.png\") <\/p>\n
- \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u9636\u6bb5\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ee7\u627f\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206； \u5982\u679c\u57fa\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u53c2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020，\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/li>\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u9020\u987a\u5e8f：\u5148\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020，\u518d\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n - \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020：\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020，\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b operator = \u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d：\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d；\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684 operator=，\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u57fa\u7c7b::operator=(s)\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u6790\u6784；<\/li>\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f：\u5148\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784，\u518d\u57fa\u7c7b\u6790\u6784，\u548c\u6784\u9020\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n - \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u4e3adestructor()，\u57fa\u7c7b\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u666e\u901a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf，\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199；\u591a\u6001\u7ae0\u8282 virtual \u865a\u6790\u6784\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n
\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n #include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n Person(const char* name = "peter")
\n :_name(name)
\n {
\n cout << "Person()" << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n Person(const Person& p)
\n :_name(p._name)
\n {
\n cout << "Person(const Person& p)" << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n Person& operator=(const Person& p)
\n {
\n cout << "Person operator=(const Person& p)" << endl;
\n if(this != &p)
\n {
\n _name = p._name;
\n }
\n return *this;
\n }<\/p>\n ~Person()
\n {
\n cout << "~Person()" << endl;
\n }
\nprotected:
\n string _name;
\n};<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n \/\/\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u6784\u9020：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020
\n Student(const char* name, int num)
\n : Person(name)
\n , _num(num)
\n {
\n cout << "Student()" << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n \/\/\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020，\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020
\n Student(const Student& s)
\n : Person(s)
\n , _num(s._num)
\n {
\n cout << "Student(const Student& s)" << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n Student& operator=(const Student& s)
\n {
\n cout << "Student& operator=(const Student& s)" << endl;
\n if(this != &s)
\n {
\n \/\/\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d，\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u57fa\u7c7boperator=
\n Person::operator=(s);
\n _num = s._num;
\n }
\n return *this;
\n }<\/p>\n ~Student()
\n {
\n cout << "~Student()" << endl;
\n \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u672b\u5c3e\u8c03\u7528 ~Person()，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5199
\n }
\nprotected:
\n int _num;
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Student s1("jack",18);
\n Student s2(s1);
\n Student s3("rose",17);
\n s1 = s3;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 4.2 \u7981\u6b62\u7c7b\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u4e24\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5<\/h4>\n - C++11 final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b，\u8be5\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f（\u63a8\u8350）<\/li>\n
class Base final
\n{
\npublic:
\n void func5() { cout << "Base::func5" << endl; }
\nprotected:
\n int a = 1;
\n};
\n\/\/ class Derive : public Base{}; \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，Base\u88abfinal\u7981\u6b62\u7ee7\u627f<\/p>\n - C++98 \u65e7\u65b9\u5f0f：\u628a\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a private\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020，\u57fa\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u79c1\u6709\u5b50\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
5. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53cb\u5143<\/h3>\n\u2757\u53cb\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u53cb\u5143\u51fd\u6570，\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684 protected\/private \u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n #include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n class Student;
\nclass Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n friend void Display(const Person& p, const Student& s);
\nprotected:
\n string _name;
\n};<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _stuNum;
\n};<\/p>\n void Display(const Person& p, const Student& s)
\n{
\n cout << p._name << endl;
\n \/\/ cout << s._stuNum << endl; \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519！\u53cb\u5143\u4e0d\u7ee7\u627f，\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeStudent\u7684_stuNum
\n}<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Person p;
\n Student s;
\n \/\/ Display(p,s); \/\/\u62a5\u9519
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3：\u9700\u8981\u628a Display \u4e5f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Student \u7684\u53cb\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n 6. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458<\/h3>\n\u57fa\u7c7b\u91cc\u9762\u7684 static \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458，\u6574\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5185\u53ea\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4efd，\u6240\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee public \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n #include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n string _name;
\n static int _count;
\n};
\nint Person::_count = 0;<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _stuNum;
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Person p;
\n Student s;<\/p>\n cout << &p._name << endl; \/\/\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u7acb\u4e00\u4efd，\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c
\n cout << &s._name << endl;<\/p>\n cout << &p._count << endl;
\n cout << &s._count << endl; \/\/\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u5730\u5740\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c，\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd<\/p>\n cout << Person::_count << endl;
\n cout << Student::_count << endl;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 7. \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u865a\u7ee7\u627f virtual<\/h3>\n7.1 \u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n\n- \u5355\u7ee7\u627f：\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d2439ed90.png\") <\/p>\n
\n- \u591a\u7ee7\u627f：\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d243b9385.png\") <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6392\u5e03：\u7ee7\u627f\u5217\u8868\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3，\u5148\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u653e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4f4e\u5730\u5740，\u540e\u7ee7\u627f\u653e\u540e\u9762，\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u5458\u653e\u6700\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n 7.2 \u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f（\u94bb\u77f3\u7ee7\u627f）\u2014\u2014 \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u7279\u6b8a\u5751<\/h4>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d243d272a.png\") <\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190851-6ab2d243ef0bc.png\") <\/p>\n
\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb：Assistant\u52a9\u7406\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627fStudent\u548cTeacher；Student\u3001Teacher \u90fd\u7ee7\u627f Person\u3002<\/p>\n \u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n - \u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59：Assistant \u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\u9762\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4efd Person \u57fa\u7c7b\u6570\u636e（\u4e00\u4efd\u6765\u81ea Student \u8def\u5f84，\u4e00\u4efd\u6765\u81ea Teacher \u8def\u5f84）；<\/li>\n
- \u4e8c\u4e49\u6027：\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeAssistant._name\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8d70\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u7ee7\u627f\u8def\u5f84，\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n string _name;
\n};<\/p>\n class Student : public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _num; \/\/\u5b66\u53f7
\n};<\/p>\n class Teacher : public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _id; \/\/\u804c\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/\u52a9\u7406，\u591a\u7ee7\u627f Student\u3001Teacher
\nclass Assistant : public Student, public Teacher
\n{
\nprotected:
\n string _majorCourse;
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Assistant a;
\n \/\/ a._name = "peter"; \/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027！\u4e24\u4efd_name\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9009\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a
\n \/\/\u5f3a\u5236\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59
\n a.Student::_name = "xxx";
\n a.Teacher::_name = "yyy";
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n 7.3 \u865a\u7ee7\u627f virtual \u89e3\u51b3\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5199virtual public Person\u865a\u7ee7\u627f；\u516c\u5171\u7236\u7c7b Person \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\u9762\u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4efd，\u6d88\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n #include <iostream>
\n#include <string>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n class Person
\n{
\npublic:
\n string _name;
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/\u865a\u7ee7\u627f
\nclass Student : virtual public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _num;
\n};<\/p>\n \/\/\u865a\u7ee7\u627f
\nclass Teacher : virtual public Person
\n{
\nprotected:
\n int _id;
\n};<\/p>\n class Assistant : public Student, public Teacher
\n{
\nprotected:
\n string _majorCourse;
\n};<\/p>\n int main()
\n{
\n Assistant a;
\n a._name = "peter"; \/\/\u4e0d\u518d\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027，\u53ea\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4efdPerson
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n \u26a0\ufe0f\u6ce8\u610f：\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u865a\u57fa\u8868，\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742，\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500；\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002Java \u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u6d88\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u4ece\u6839\u6e90\u89c4\u907f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u6269\u5c55：C++ \u6807\u51c6 IO \u5e93ios_base\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u83f1\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n ![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190852-6ab2d24419087.png\") <\/p>\n
8. \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408<\/h3>\n8.1 is\u2011a vs has\u2011a<\/h4>\n - public \u7ee7\u627f：is\u2011a \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<\/li>\n
Student is\u2011a Person；BMW is\u2011a Car\u3002 \u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u767d\u7bb1\u590d\u7528：\u57fa\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u5bf9\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u89c1；\u7236\u5b50\u7c7b\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8，\u57fa\u7c7b\u6539\u52a8\u4f1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n - \u7ec4\u5408：has\u2011a \u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/li>\n
Car has\u2011a Tire（\u6c7d\u8f66\u62e5\u6709\u8f6e\u80ce）\u3002\u628a\u522b\u7684\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u7ec4\u5408\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ed1\u7bb1\u590d\u7528，\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u516c\u5f00\u63a5\u53e3，\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1；\u8026\u5408\u4f4e，\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n \u2728\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u9a8c：\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408；\u53ea\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3 is\u2011a \u8bed\u4e49\u518d\u7528\u7ee7\u627f；\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n \u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4 stack \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0：<\/p>\n \/\/\u65b9\u5f0f1：\u7ee7\u627f vector is\u2011a（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350）
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass stack : public std::vector<T>
\n{};<\/p>\n \/\/\u65b9\u5f0f2：\u7ec4\u5408 has\u2011a（\u63a8\u8350，\u5bb9\u5668\u9002\u914d\u5668\u771f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def）
\ntemplate<class T>
\nclass stack
\n{
\npublic:
\n std::vector<T> _v;
\n};<\/p>\n 📔\u672c\u7bc7\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n - \u7ee7\u627f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528；\u4e09\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0fpublic\/protected\/private；\u57fa\u7c7b private \u6210\u5458\u5b50\u7c7b\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1；\u53e3\u8bc0min(\u6210\u5458\u6743\u9650,\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f)\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u53ea\u7528 public \u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5207\u7247：\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7c7b\u6307\u9488 \/ \u5f15\u7528 \/ \u5bf9\u8c61；\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u7236\u5b50\u7c7b\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u6784\u6210\u9690\u85cf name\u2011hiding，\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u8f7d，\u91cd\u8f7d\u4ec5\u9650\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df；\u57fa\u7c7b::\u6210\u5458\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570：\u6784\u9020\u5148\u57fa\u7c7b\u540e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b；\u6790\u6784\u5148\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u540e\u57fa\u7c7b；\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u91cd\u8f7d\u8981\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u7c7b\u90e8\u5206\u3002final \u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u7981\u6b62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u53cb\u5143\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f；static \u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f：\u4e24\u4efd\u516c\u5171\u57fa\u7c7b，\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59 + \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027；virtual\u865a\u7ee7\u627f\u89e3\u51b3；\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
- is\u2011a \u7528\u7ee7\u627f，has\u2011a \u4f18\u5148\u7528\u7ec4\u5408；\u7ec4\u5408\u8026\u5408\u4f4e，\u4f18\u5148\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n
\u9762\u8bd5\u7b80\u7b54<\/p>\n Q：\u57fa\u7c7b private \u6210\u5458\u5b50\u7c7b\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f？\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee？<\/p>\n A：\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7ee7\u627f\u5230\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61，\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee；\u5b50\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c31\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a protected\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Q：\u6210\u5458\u9690\u85cf\u548c\u91cd\u8f7d\u533a\u522b？<\/p>\n A：\u91cd\u8f7d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df，\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c；\u7236\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53ea\u8981\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u540c\u5c31\u662f\u9690\u85cf，\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Q：\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3？<\/p>\n A：\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528 virtual \u865a\u7ee7\u627f；\u6700\u597d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u83f1\u5f62\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Q：\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u600e\u4e48\u9009？<\/p>\n A：is\u2011a \u662f\u7ee7\u627f；has\u2011a \u4f18\u5148\u7ec4\u5408，\u7ec4\u5408\u8026\u5408\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n ![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/20260922190852-6ab2d24437e16.jpg\") <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u76ee\u5f55 \u200b\u7f16\u8f91
\n\u672c\u8282\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807
\n1. \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5b9a\u4e49
\n1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ee7\u627f
\n1.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5
\n\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219
\n1.3 \u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b（\u6a21\u677f\u7236\u7c7b）
\n2. \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362（\u5207\u7247 \/ \u5207\u5272 slicing）
\n3. \u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u9690\u85cf（name\u2011hiding）
\n\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u9690\u85cf\u793a\u4f8b
\n\u540c\u540d\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u9690\u85cf（\u91cd\u70b9\u9009\u62e9\u9898）
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