{"id":108933,"date":"2026-09-23T01:24:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T17:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108933.html"},"modified":"2026-09-23T01:24:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T17:24:48","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%a2-leaf-%e5%88%86%e5%b8%83%e5%bc%8f%e5%94%af%e4%b8%80-id-%e5%8f%91%e5%8f%b7%e5%99%a8%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%84%ef%bc%9asegment-%e5%8f%8c-buffer-%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e9%a2%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108933.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56e2 Leaf \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u552f\u4e00 ID \u53d1\u53f7\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u89e3\u6784\uff1aSegment \u53cc Buffer \u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0e Snowflake \u65f6\u949f\u9632\u56de\u62e8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u56e2 Leaf \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u552f\u4e00 ID \u53d1\u53f7\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u89e3\u6784：Segment \u53cc Buffer \u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0e Snowflake \u65f6\u949f\u9632\u56de\u62e8<\/h2>\n

\"\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u6d77\u91cf\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u67b6\u6784（\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u6d41\u6c34\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf）\u4e2d，\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00 ID（Distributed Unique ID） \u662f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6240\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u952e\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u683c\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u53d1\u53f7\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e94\u5927\u4e25\u82db\u8981\u6c42：<\/p>\n

  • \u5168\u5c40\u7edd\u5bf9\u552f\u4e00（Uniqueness）：\u7edd\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d ID；<\/li>\n
  • \u6781\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u4e0e\u6781\u81f4\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf（High Performance）：\u5355\u673a\u652f\u6301\u6570\u4e07\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u4e07 QPS，\u5355\u6b21\u53d1\u53f7\u8017\u65f6\u4e3a\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7；<\/li>\n
  • \u8d8b\u52bf\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e（Monotonically Increasing）：\u6ee1\u8db3 MySQL InnoDB B+ \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f\u63d2\u5165，\u9632\u6b62\u9875\u5206\u88c2\u4e0e\u968f\u673a I\/O；<\/li>\n
  • \u7edd\u5bf9\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528（High Availability）：\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5076\u53d1\u5b95\u673a\u65f6，\u53d1\u53f7\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e2d\u65ad；<\/li>\n
  • \u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168：\u9632\u8fde\u7eed\u89c4\u5f8b\u88ab\u6076\u610f\u722c\u866b\u63a8\u6d4b\u4e1a\u52a1\u603b\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u7f8e\u56e2\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 Leaf（\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f ID \u53d1\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf） \u51ed\u501f\u5176\u521b\u65b0\u7684 \u201cSegment \u53f7\u6bb5\u53cc Buffer \u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u201d \u4e0e \u201cSnowflake \u52a8\u6001 WorkerId \u4e0e\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u5fa1\u201d，\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5927\u5382\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6807\u6746\u7ea7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165 Leaf \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u67b6\u6784，\u628a\u53cc Buffer \u73af\u5f62\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u7406\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bb2\u900f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    Leaf \u53cc\u5f15\u64ce\u5168\u666f\u67b6\u6784\u56fe<\/h4>\n

    graph TD
    \n Client[\u4e1a\u52a1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef SDK] –> Router{\u53d1\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u9009\u578b}<\/p>\n

    Router –>|\u8ffd\u6c42\u7edd\u5bf9\u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e \/ \u96f6\u65f6\u949f\u4f9d\u8d56 \/ \u6781\u9ad8\u541e\u5410| Segment[1. Leaf-Segment \u53f7\u6bb5\u6a21\u5f0f]
    \n Segment –> S1[\u53cc Buffer \u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbe\u8ba1: Buffer 0 & Buffer 1]
    \n S1 –> S2[\u5185\u5b58 AtomicLong \u539f\u5b50\u53d1\u53f7 (\u8017\u65f6 < 100ns!)]
    \n S1 –> S3[\u5f53\u5f53\u524d Buffer \u6d88\u8017\u8fbe 10%~20% \u65f6, \u5f02\u6b65\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63d0\u524d\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f7\u6bb5!]
    \n S3 –> S4[MySQL \u53cc\u4e3b\u5bb9\u707e: \u4ec5\u8bb0\u5f55 max_id \u4e0e step]<\/p>\n

    Router –>|\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b8c\u5168\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316 \/ \u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u65f6\u5e8f\u654f\u611f| Snowflake[2. Leaf-Snowflake \u96ea\u82b1\u6a21\u5f0f]
    \n Snowflake –> SF1[ZooKeeper \u52a8\u6001\u4e0a\u62a5\u4e0e\u6301\u4e45\u987a\u5e8f\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u914d WorkerId]
    \n SF1 –> SF2[\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u5fa1: \u5b9a\u671f\u4e0a\u62a5\u5fc3\u8df3\u65f6\u949f, \u56de\u62e8\u5c0f\u4e8e 5ms \u81ea\u65cb\u7b49\u5f85, \u8d85\u8fc7 5ms \u5f3a\u884c\u62a5\u8b66\u7194\u65ad!]<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e00\u3001Leaf-Segment \u6a21\u5f0f：\u53cc Buffer \u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664 RPC \u963b\u585e<\/h4>\n

    \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53f7\u6bb5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u75db\u70b9：\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u53f7\u6bb5（\u5982 11000）\u6d88\u8017\u6b86\u5c3d\u7684\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4，**\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u6b65\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u6b21\u7f51\u7edc RPC \u8bf7\u6c42\u53bb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f7\u6bb5（10012000）！**\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4，\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d1\u53f7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f3a\u884c\u963b\u585e\u6302\u8d77，\u5bfc\u81f4\u63a5\u53e3 P99 \u5ef6\u8fdf\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u7684\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u6bdb\u523a（Jitter）！<\/p>\n

    sequenceDiagram
    \n participant App as \u4e1a\u52a1\u53d1\u53f7\u7ebf\u7a0b
    \n participant B0 as Buffer 0 (\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u4f7f\u7528)
    \n participant B1 as Buffer 1 (\u5907\u7528\u7f13\u5b58)
    \n participant Async as \u540e\u53f0\u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u7ebf\u7a0b
    \n participant DB as MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

    App->>B0: 1. \u5185\u5b58\u81ea\u589e\u53d1\u53f7 (\u5feb\u901f)
    \n Note over B0: 2. Buffer 0 \u6d88\u8017\u8fbe\u5230 10% \u9608\u503c (\u8fd8\u5269 90% \u5145\u8db3\u5e93\u5b58)
    \n B0->>Async: 3. \u5524\u9192\u540e\u53f0\u5f02\u6b65\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u7ebf\u7a0b (\u975e\u963b\u585e!)
    \n Async->>DB: 4. \u5f02\u6b65\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f7\u6bb5 (max_id += step)
    \n DB–>>Async: 5. \u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u53f7\u6bb5 (\u5982 1001~2000)
    \n Async->>B1: 6. \u5c06\u65b0\u53f7\u6bb5\u586b\u5145\u81f3\u5907\u7528 Buffer 1 \u4e2d\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a READY
    \n Note over App,B0: 7. \u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e73\u7a33\u6d88\u8017 Buffer 0 \u76f4\u81f3\u7528\u5c3d
    \n App->>B1: 8. 🔥 \u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u5207\u6362\u81f3 Buffer 1 \u53d1\u53f7! (\u96f6\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u5f85!)<\/p>\n

    \u53cc Buffer \u72b6\u6001\u673a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91：<\/h5>\n

    public class SegmentBuffer {
    \n private final Segment[] segments = new Segment[]{new Segment(), new Segment()};
    \n private volatile int currentPos = 0; \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Buffer \u69fd\u4f4d (0 \u6216 1)
    \n private volatile boolean nextReady = false; \/\/ \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a Buffer \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u5c31\u7eea
    \n private volatile boolean isLoadingNext = false; \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e2d
    \n private final AtomicLong value = new AtomicLong(0);
    \n private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();<\/p>\n

    public long getId() {
    \n while (true) {
    \n Segment currentSegment = segments[currentPos];<\/p>\n

    \/\/ 1. \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u89e6\u53d1\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u9608\u503c (\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u6d88\u8017\u4e86 10% \u7684\u53f7\u6bb5)
    \n if (!nextReady && (currentSegment.getRemaining() < currentSegment.getStep() * 0.9)
    \n && !isLoadingNext) {
    \n lock.lock();
    \n try {
    \n if (!isLoadingNext) {
    \n isLoadingNext = true;
    \n \/\/ \u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u5f02\u6b65\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53bb\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93
    \n asyncLoadNextSegment(segments[1 – currentPos]);
    \n }
    \n } finally {
    \n lock.unlock();
    \n }
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/\/ 2. \u4ece\u5f53\u524d Buffer \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u53d1\u53f7
    \n long currentVal = currentSegment.getAndIncrement();
    \n if (currentVal <= currentSegment.getMax()) {
    \n return currentVal; \/\/ \u6781\u901f\u8fd4\u56de！
    \n }<\/p>\n

    \/\/ 3. \u5f53\u524d Buffer \u8017\u5c3d，\u539f\u5b50\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5df2\u5c31\u7eea\u7684\u5907\u7528 Buffer
    \n lock.lock();
    \n try {
    \n if (nextReady) {
    \n currentPos = 1 – currentPos; \/\/ \u69fd\u4f4d\u5207\u6362
    \n nextReady = false;
    \n isLoadingNext = false;
    \n } else {
    \n \/\/ \u82e5\u540e\u53f0\u672a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210（\u6781\u7aef\u6162\u60c5\u51b5），\u5f3a\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85
    \n syncLoadSegment();
    \n }
    \n } finally {
    \n lock.unlock();
    \n }
    \n }
    \n }
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001Leaf-Snowflake \u6a21\u5f0f：\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8（Clock Drift）\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u81ea\u6108\u9632\u5fa1<\/h4>\n

    \u6807\u51c6\u7684 Twitter Snowflake \u7b97\u6cd5\u5f3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7cfb\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u65f6\u949f（System.currentTimeMillis()）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 NTP \u65f6\u949f\u6821\u51c6\u540c\u6b65\u56de\u62e8（Clock Drift），\u6216\u8005\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8bef\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 Snowflake \u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u7684 ID \u9020\u6210\u5168\u7ad9\u707e\u96be！<\/p>\n

    Leaf-Snowflake \u7684\u56db\u5927\u9632\u56de\u62e8\u9632\u62a4\u7f51：<\/h5>\n
  • ZooKeeper \u52a8\u6001\u4e0a\u62a5\u65f6\u95f4\u6233：\u6bcf\u4e2a Leaf \u8282\u70b9\u6bcf\u9694 3 \u79d2\u5411 ZooKeeper \u5199\u5165\u5fc3\u8df3\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u672c\u673a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 lastUpdateTime；<\/li>\n
  • \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u949f\u6821\u9a8c（Startup Check）：\u8282\u70b9\u51b7\u542f\u52a8\u65f6，\u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u673a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u949f\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e ZK \u4e0a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8be5\u673a\u5668\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u82e5\u672c\u673a\u65f6\u949f\u6ede\u540e，\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u62a5\u8b66！<\/li>\n
  • \u5fae\u5c0f\u56de\u62e8（$\\\\le 5\\\\text{ms}$）\u5e73\u6ed1\u81ea\u65cb\u7b49\u5f85：\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u82e5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u56de\u62e8\u4e14\u504f\u5dee\u5c0f\u4e8e 5ms，\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5 Thread.sleep(\u56de\u62e8\u5dee\u503c * 2) \u7761\u7720\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u8ffd\u5e73；<\/li>\n
  • \u4e25\u91cd\u56de\u62e8（$> 5\\\\text{ms}$）\u7acb\u5373\u7194\u65ad\u5e76\u5207\u5907\u7528 WorkerId\u3002<\/li>\n
    \n

    \u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u9009\u578b\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n\n\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ef4\u5ea6Leaf-Segment \u53f7\u6bb5\u6a21\u5f0fLeaf-Snowflake \u96ea\u82b1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u5355\u8c03\u9012\u589e\u6027<\/td>\n\u4e25\u683c\u5355\u8c03\u7edd\u5bf9\u9012\u589e（1, 2, 3…）<\/td>\n\u5c40\u90e8\u8d8b\u52bf\u9012\u589e（\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6233）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5355\u673a\u53d1\u53f7\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8（\u6570\u767e\u4e07 QPS，\u7eaf\u5185\u5b58\u81ea\u589e）<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8（\u7ea6 400 \u4e07 QPS）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n\u5b8c\u5168\u96f6\u65f6\u949f\u4f9d\u8d56（\u7edd\u5bf9\u514d\u75ab\u65f6\u949f\u56de\u62e8）<\/td>\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u949f（\u9700\u5f15\u5165 ZK \u6821\u9a8c\u9632\u7ebf）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5bf9\u5916\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u8fde\u7eed\u9012\u589e，\u9700\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u6b65\u957f（Step Jitter）\u9632\u904d\u5386<\/td>\n\u5929\u7136\u79bb\u6563，\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6781\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6700\u4f73\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u6d41\u6c34\u3001\u7528\u6237 ID\u3001\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u4e3b\u952e<\/td>\n\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u65e5\u5fd7 TraceId\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u5168\u5c40 MsgId\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    \u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

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