{"id":108867,"date":"2026-09-22T21:48:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108867.html"},"modified":"2026-09-22T21:48:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:48:49","slug":"03-linux-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84%e5%af%bc%e8%88%aa%e5%88%b0%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108867.html","title":{"rendered":"03.Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u95e8\uff1a\u4ece\u8def\u5f84\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

03.Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u95e8：\u4ece\u8def\u5f84\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u8981： \u672c\u6587\u4ece Linux \u7684\u6811\u5f62\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb2\u8d77，\u8bf4\u660e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca \/home\u3001\/etc\u3001\/usr\u3001\/dev\u3001\/var\u3001\/tmp \u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u9014，\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7ecd pwd\u3001cd\u3001ls\u3001mkdir\u3001touch\u3001cat\u3001rm\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7ec3\u4e60\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u91cd\u547d\u540d，\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8bef\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u91cf，\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5148\u89e3\u91ca\u76ee\u5f55\u6811，\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fde\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Linux \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u68f5\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/h3>\n

Windows \u5e38\u7528 C:\u3001D: \u7b49\u76d8\u7b26\u533a\u5206\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a；Linux \u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u6811，\u6811\u6839\u7528 \/ \u8868\u793a\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5757\u786c\u76d8，\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u4ece \/ \u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5206\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u4e00\u5757\u786c\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/data，\u6302\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u7528\u6237\u4ecd\u7136\u901a\u8fc7 \/data \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u3002\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/mnt\/hgfs，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u63a5\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u9014<\/h3>\n\n\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\/<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/bin<\/td>\n\u5e38\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/sbin<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/home<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f8b\u5982 \/home\/linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/root<\/td>\nroot \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/etc<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/dev<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f8b\u5982\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u58f0\u5361<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/lib<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/usr<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/tmp<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55，\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u6e05\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/mnt<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/opt<\/td>\n\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f \/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\/etc\u3001\/usr \u548c \/mnt\u3002\u4fee\u6539 \/etc \u4e0b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650，\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n

\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u7269\u3002\/home\/linux\/test \u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ece \/ \u5f00\u59cb；test \u6216 ..\/test \u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u8def\u5f84：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • .：\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55；<\/li>\n
  • ..：\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55；<\/li>\n
  • ~：\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f8b\u5982 \/home\/linux；<\/li>\n
  • -：cd – \u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u662f \/home\/linux\/project\/src：<\/p>\n

    cd<\/span> ..<\/span> # \u8fdb\u5165 \/home\/linux\/project<\/span>
    \ncd<\/span> ..<\/span>\/..<\/span> # \u8fdb\u5165 \/home\/linux<\/span>
    \ncd<\/span> .\/ # \u4ecd\u5728 \/home\/linux\/project\/src<\/span>
    \ncd<\/span> ~\/project # \u4ece\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u5165\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 project<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f，Test \u548c test \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u683c\u65f6，\u8def\u5f84\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u6216\u53cd\u659c\u6760，\u4f8b\u5982 cd "my project"\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u548c\u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/h3>\n

    \u5e38\u89c1\u7ec8\u7aef\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    linux@ubuntu:~\/project$<\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d linux \u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d，ubuntu \u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d，~\/project \u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55，$ \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u82e5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6700\u540e\u662f #，\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u662f root \u7528\u6237，\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u8c28\u614e\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e38\u7528\u5feb\u6377\u952e：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ctrl + Alt + T：\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + L \u6216\u6267\u884c clear：\u6e05\u7a7a\u7ec8\u7aef\u663e\u793a；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + C：\u7ec8\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + D：\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d Shell \u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u8f93\u5165；<\/li>\n
    • Tab：\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u547d\u4ee4；<\/li>\n
    • \u2191：\u8c03\u51fa\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + Alt + Enter：\u5207\u6362\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5168\u5c4f，\u5177\u4f53\u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u800c\u5f02；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + Shift + +：\u653e\u5927\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b57\u4f53；<\/li>\n
    • Ctrl + -：\u7f29\u5c0f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b57\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5feb\u6377\u952e\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec8\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f53\u9a8c，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u524d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6309 Tab \u67e5\u770b\u53ef\u8865\u5168\u7684\u540d\u79f0，\u51cf\u5c11\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4e94\u3001\u5148\u5b66\u4f1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n

      1. pwd：\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

      pwd<\/span><\/p>\n

      pwd \u662f print working directory \u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u201c\u6587\u4ef6\u660e\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u201d\u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c pwd\u3002<\/p>\n

      2. cd：\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

      cd<\/span> \/etc # \u8fdb\u5165\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/span>
      \ncd<\/span> \/home\/linux # \u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
      \ncd<\/span> ..<\/span> # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
      \ncd<\/span> .<\/span> # \u4ecd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
      \ncd<\/span> – # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
      \ncd<\/span> ~ # \u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

      cd \u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9，\u5207\u6362\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 pwd \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c，\u518d\u7528 ls \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u516d\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

      1. ls：\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n

      ls<\/span>
      \nls<\/span> \/etc
      \nls<\/span> -l<\/span>
      \nls<\/span> -a<\/span>
      \nls<\/span> -lh<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • -l：\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4；<\/li>\n
      • -a：\u663e\u793a\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6；<\/li>\n
      • -h：\u4ee5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f，\u901a\u5e38\u548c -l \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528；<\/li>\n
      • -R：\u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55，\u76ee\u5f55\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u968f\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        ls -la \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u524d\u7684 . \u53ea\u662f\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219，\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n

        2. file \u548c stat：\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

        file<\/span> hello.c
        \nstat<\/span> hello.c<\/p>\n

        file \u6839\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b，stat \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u548c inode \u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6，\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e03\u3001\u65b0\u5efa\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

        1. mkdir：\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

        mkdir<\/span> test<\/span>
        \nmkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> project\/src\/include<\/p>\n

        \u5982\u679c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u666e\u901a mkdir \u4f1a\u5931\u8d25；-p \u4f1a\u6309\u5c42\u7ea7\u521b\u5efa\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0 -p \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

        2. touch：\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n

        touch<\/span> hello.c
        \ntouch<\/span> log1.txt log2.txt<\/p>\n

        touch \u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6；\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728，\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

        3. cat\u3001printf：\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c<\/h4>\n

        cat<\/span> hello.c
        \nprintf<\/span> 'Hello World\\\\n'<\/span> ><\/span> message.txt
        \nprintf<\/span> 'Another line\\\\n'<\/span> >><\/span> message.txt<\/p>\n

        > \u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6，>> \u4f1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u524d\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u5199\u5bf9，\u8bef\u628a >> \u5199\u6210 > \u53ef\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u516b\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n

        1. rm \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

        rm<\/span> hello.c # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
        \nrm<\/span> -i<\/span> hello.c # \u5220\u9664\u524d\u8be2\u95ee<\/span>
        \nrm<\/span> -r<\/span> test<\/span> # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/span>
        \nrm<\/span> -f<\/span> hello.c # \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

        rm -rf \u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55，\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u3002Linux \u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6536\u7ad9，\u8bef\u5220\u540e\u5f88\u96be\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u68c0\u67e5 pwd \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5bf9\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6216\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5220\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f：<\/p>\n

        pwd<\/span>
        \nls<\/span>
        \nls<\/span> -ld<\/span> target
        \nrm<\/span> -ri<\/span> target<\/p>\n

        \u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u76ee\u6807，\u518d\u9009\u62e9\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e5d\u3001\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8<\/h3>\n

        1. cp：\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

        mkdir<\/span> test<\/span>
        \ntouch<\/span> helloworld.c
        \ncp<\/span> helloworld.c .\/test\/ # \u590d\u5236\u5230 test \u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
        \ncp<\/span> helloworld.c .\/test\/backup.c # \u590d\u5236\u5e76\u6539\u540d<\/span>
        \ncp<\/span> -r<\/span> test<\/span> test2 # \u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
        \ncp<\/span> -a<\/span> test<\/span> test2 # \u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u590d\u5236\u524d\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u666e\u901a cp \u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u9700\u8981\u9012\u5f52\u9009\u9879，-r \u7528\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236，-a \u8fd8\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

        2. mv：\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/h4>\n

        mv<\/span> helloworld.c test\/ # \u79fb\u52a8\u5230 test \u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
        \nmv<\/span> oldname.c newname.c # \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/span>
        \nmv<\/span> test<\/span> test_backup # \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

        mv \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u91cd\u547d\u540d，\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8986\u76d6；\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 -i：<\/p>\n

        mv<\/span> -i<\/span> source.txt backup\/<\/p>\n

        \u5341\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u8986\u76d6\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5199\u5165\u3001\u590d\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

        cd<\/span> \/home\/linux
        \npwd<\/span>
        \nls<\/span><\/p>\n

        cd<\/span> \/etc
        \nls<\/span><\/p>\n

        cd<\/span> \/home\/linux
        \nmkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> first
        \ncd<\/span> first
        \ntouch<\/span> log1.txt log2.txt
        \nprintf<\/span> 'Hello World\\\\n'<\/span> ><\/span> log1.txt
        \nprintf<\/span> 'Hello World\\\\n'<\/span> ><\/span> log2.txt
        \ncp<\/span> log1.txt ..<\/span>\/
        \nmv<\/span> log2.txt log.c
        \nls<\/span> -l<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u662f：first \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6709 log1.txt \u548c log.c，\/home\/linux \u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u6765\u7684 log1.txt\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u68c0\u67e5：<\/p>\n

        cd<\/span> ..<\/span>
        \nls<\/span> -l<\/span> log1.txt
        \ncd<\/span> first
        \ncat<\/span> log1.txt
        \ncat<\/span> log.c<\/p>\n

        \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 find \u67e5\u770b\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

        find<\/span> \/home\/linux\/first -maxdepth<\/span> 1<\/span> -type<\/span> f -print<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528 printf \u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c，\u907f\u514d\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u7528 Vim \u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c vim log1.txt，\u6309 i \u8fdb\u5165\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7f16\u8f91\u540e\u6309 Esc，\u8f93\u5165 :wq \u5e76\u56de\u8f66\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

        1. No such file or directory<\/h4>\n

        \u8def\u5f84\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4，\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e，\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5148\u6267\u884c pwd，\u518d\u4f7f\u7528 ls \u5206\u6bb5\u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84：<\/p>\n

        ls<\/span> \/home
        \nls<\/span> \/home\/linux
        \nls<\/span> \/home\/linux\/first<\/p>\n

        2. Permission denied<\/h4>\n

        \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 ls -l \u67e5\u770b\u6743\u9650\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528 sudo\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u6267\u884c sudo rm，\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

        3. cp: -r not specified<\/h4>\n

        \u590d\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u76ee\u5f55，\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u9012\u5f52\u9009\u9879：<\/p>\n

        cp<\/span> -r<\/span> source_dir target_dir<\/p>\n

        4. \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n

        \u5f88\u591a Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u201c\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u201d，\u4f8b\u5982 mkdir\u3001touch \u548c cp\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 echo $? \u67e5\u770b\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001，\u8fd4\u56de 0 \u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f，\u518d\u7528 ls \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e60\u60ef<\/h3>\n
      • \u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u518d\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u3002 \u517b\u6210\u6267\u884c pwd \u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u533a\u5206\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u8def\u5f84\u5199\u9519\u65f6，\u5148\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u62c6\u5f00\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 \u5148 mkdir，\u518d cd，\u518d touch，\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u7528 ls \u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u91cd\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5220\u9664\u4f7f\u7528 rm -i，\u79fb\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528 mv -i\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u7406\u89e3\u6743\u9650，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u4f7f\u7528 sudo\u3002 \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u53ea\u5728\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n

        \u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u540e，\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u90e8\u5206 Linux \u5165\u95e8\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u518d\u5b66\u4e60 grep\u3001find\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c Shell \u811a\u672c，\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        03.Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u95e8：\u4ece\u8def\u5f84\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406
        \n\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u8981： \u672c\u6587\u4ece Linux \u7684\u6811\u5f62\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb2\u8d77，\u8bf4\u660e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca \/home\u3001\/etc\u3001\/usr\u3001\/dev\u3001\/var\u3001\/tmp \u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u9014，\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4ecb\u7ecd pwd\u3001cd\u3001ls\u3001mkdir\u3001touch\u3001cat\u3001rm\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7ec3\u4e60\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u91cd\u547d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[174,58,103,123],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-108867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-linux","tag-ubuntu","tag-123"],"yoast_head":"\n03.Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u95e8\uff1a\u4ece\u8def\u5f84\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406 - 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