{"id":108717,"date":"2026-09-22T14:08:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T06:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108717.html"},"modified":"2026-09-22T14:08:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T06:08:44","slug":"k8s-%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97-%e7%ac%ac-9-%e5%a4%a9%ef%bc%9a%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86-request-limit-%e4%b8%8e-hpa-%e5%bc%b9%e6%80%a7%e4%bc%b8%e7%bc%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/108717.html","title":{"rendered":"K8s \u8fd0\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5217 | \u7b2c 9 \u5929\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u2014\u2014Request\/Limit \u4e0e HPA \u5f39\u6027\u4f38\u7f29"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 Kubernetes \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc，\u96c6\u7fa4\u8d44\u6e90\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u3002CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5b58\u50a8，\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7b97\u529b，\u800c\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a Pod\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236，\u67d0\u4e2a\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u5403\u6389\u6574\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58，\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u65e0\u8f9c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u8d77\u62d6\u57ae\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u61c2 K8s \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3：Request（\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42）\u3001Limit（\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0a\u9650），\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684 HPA（Horizontal Pod Autoscaler，\u6c34\u5e73 Pod \u81ea\u52a8\u4f38\u7f29）\u3002<\/p>\n

\"K8s<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5：Request \u4e0e Limit \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e4b\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63b0\u5f00\u63c9\u788e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u77f3，\u7406\u89e3\u504f\u5dee\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n

Request：\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u9884\u7559\u7684\u4f9d\u636e<\/h4>\n

Request \u8868\u793a\u5bb9\u5668\u300c\u671f\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u300d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91cf，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u65f6，K8s \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u300c\u8fd9\u4e2a Pod \u5e94\u8be5\u843d\u5728\u54ea\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u300d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4f1a\u628a Pod \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u7684 Request \u52a0\u8d77\u6765，\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u8db3\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5b83\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a Pod \u7684 Request \u603b\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u96c6\u7fa4\u91cc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90，\u8fd9\u4e2a Pod \u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e Pending \u72b6\u6001，\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f：Request \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u6027\u7684\u300c\u914d\u989d\u9501\u300d，\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u9884\u7559\u627f\u8bfa\u300d\u3002K8s \u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bb9\u5668\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u62ff\u5230 Request \u58f0\u660e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

Limit：\u5bb9\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5929\u82b1\u677f<\/h4>\n

Limit \u5219\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u786c\u4e0a\u9650\u300d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e CPU，\u5f53\u5bb9\u5668\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7 Limit \u7684 CPU \u65f6，K8s \u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 Cgroup \u673a\u5236\u5bf9 CPU \u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u6d41（throttle），\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b，\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u538b\u4f4f\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c：\u4e00\u65e6\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7 Limit，K8s \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a OOMKilled，\u6740\u6389\u5bb9\u5668\u5e76\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5b58\u7684 Request \u548c Limit \u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76f8\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u50cf CPU \u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u5e73\u6ed1\u9650\u6d41\u300d，\u8d85\u4e86\u5c31\u6b7b，\u4e0e\u5176\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u533a\u95f4，\u4e0d\u5982\u5e72\u8106\u9501\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e QoS \u7b49\u7ea7<\/h4>\n

CPU \u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u6838\u300d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5c0f\u6570，\u4f8b\u5982 0.5 \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e 500m（m \u4ee3\u8868\u6beb\u6838，1000m = 1 \u6838）\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u5b57\u8282，\u5e38\u7528 Mi（\u5146）\u548c Gi（\u5409）\u3002K8s \u4f1a\u6839\u636e Request \u4e0e Limit \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u60c5\u51b5，\u81ea\u52a8\u628a Pod \u5212\u5206\u5230\u4e09\u79cd QoS（\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf）\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e4b\u4e00：Guaranteed\u3001Burstable\u3001BestEffort\u3002\u5f53\u8282\u70b9\u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u5f20\u65f6，\u9a71\u9010（Evict）\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f BestEffort > Burstable > Guaranteed，\u5373\u300c\u8d8a\u5b88\u89c4\u77e9\u8d8a\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

apiVersion: v1
\nkind: Pod
\nmetadata:
\n name: demo-app
\nspec:
\n containers:
\n – name: app
\n image: nginx:1.24
\n resources:
\n requests:
\n cpu: "250m"<\/span>
\n memory: "256Mi"<\/span>
\n limits:
\n cpu: "500m"<\/span>
\n memory: "512Mi"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u6218\u6b65\u9aa4：\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u5230 HPA \u4f38\u7f29<\/h3>\n

\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u52a8\u624b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5206\u4e09\u6b65\u8d70：\u5148\u4e3a Deployment \u914d\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u518d\u90e8\u7f72 Metrics Server（HPA \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90），\u6700\u540e\u521b\u5efa HPA \u5e76\u538b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u7ed9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u58f0\u660e\u8d44\u6e90<\/h4>\n

\u5148\u628a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a Deployment，\u5e76\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e resources \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355，\u5374\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u57fa：<\/p>\n

apiVersion: apps\/v1
\nkind: Deployment
\nmetadata:
\n name: web-app
\nspec:
\n replicas: 2<\/span>
\n selector:
\n matchLabels:
\n app: web-app
\n template:
\n metadata:
\n labels:
\n app: web-app
\n spec:
\n containers:
\n – name: web
\n image: nginx:1.24
\n ports:
\n – containerPort: 80<\/span>
\n resources:
\n requests:
\n cpu: "100m"<\/span>
\n memory: "128Mi"<\/span>
\n limits:
\n cpu: "200m"<\/span>
\n memory: "256Mi"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4，\u5e76\u67e5\u770b Pod \u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u8c03\u5ea6：<\/p>\n

kubectl apply -f<\/span> web-app.yaml
\nkubectl get pods -l<\/span> app<\/span>=<\/span>web-app -o<\/span> wide
\nkubectl describe pod -l<\/span> app<\/span>=<\/span>web-app |<\/span> grep<\/span> -A6<\/span> Requests<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u90e8\u7f72 Metrics Server \u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n

HPA \u9700\u8981\u4ece Metrics API \u8bfb\u53d6 Pod \u7684\u5b9e\u65f6 CPU \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u96c6\u7fa4\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5 Metrics Server，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

kubectl apply -f<\/span> https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/metrics-server\/releases\/latest\/download\/components.yaml
\nkubectl get deployment metrics-server -n<\/span> kube-system<\/p>\n

\u90e8\u7f72\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u7a0d\u7b49\u7247\u523b，\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6307\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0a\u6765：<\/p>\n

kubectl top<\/span> nodes
\nkubectl top<\/span> pods -l<\/span> app<\/span>=<\/span>web-app<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c kubectl top \u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u5b57，\u8bf4\u660e Metrics Server \u5de5\u4f5c\u6b63\u5e38，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u521b\u5efa HPA \u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f38\u7f29<\/h4>\n

HPA \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u4f7f\u7528\u7387：\u5f53 Pod \u7684\u5e73\u5747 CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9608\u503c（\u5982 50%）\u65f6，HPA \u4f1a\u6269\u5145\u526f\u672c；\u4f4e\u4e8e\u9608\u503c\u5219\u7f29\u5bb9\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a HPA，\u8ba9\u526f\u672c\u6570\u5728 2 \u5230 10 \u4e4b\u95f4\u5f39\u6027\u6d6e\u52a8：<\/p>\n

apiVersion: autoscaling\/v2
\nkind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
\nmetadata:
\n name: web-app-hpa
\nspec:
\n scaleTargetRef:
\n apiVersion: apps\/v1
\n kind: Deployment
\n name: web-app
\n minReplicas: 2<\/span>
\n maxReplicas: 10<\/span>
\n metrics:
\n – type: Resource
\n resource:
\n name: cpu
\n target:
\n type: Utilization
\n averageUtilization: 50<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u540e，\u67e5\u770b HPA \u72b6\u6001：<\/p>\n

kubectl apply -f<\/span> web-app-hpa.yaml
\nkubectl get hpa web-app-hpa<\/p>\n

\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u4f38\u7f29，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e34\u65f6\u7528\u538b\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u52a0\u538b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8bf7\u6c42\u5236\u9020 CPU \u8d1f\u8f7d：<\/p>\n

while<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span> do<\/span> curl<\/span> -s<\/span> http:\/\/<<\/span>service-ip><\/span>\/ ><\/span> \/dev\/null;<\/span> done<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u770b HPA \u72b6\u6001，\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230 TARGETS \u5217\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4e0a\u5347，REPLICAS \u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0；\u505c\u6b62\u538b\u6d4b\u540e，\u526f\u672c\u53c8\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u964d\u56de\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d，\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u548c HPA \u7684\u5751\u5927\u591a\u85cf\u5728\u7ec6\u8282\u91cc\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e00：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 HPA \u5374\u4e0d\u751f\u6548？ \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u662f Metrics Server \u6ca1\u88c5\u597d，\u6216 kubectl top \u8bfb\u4e0d\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002HPA \u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u6307\u6807\u6765\u6e90，\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4f38\u7f29\u3002\u5148\u7528 kubectl get apiservices | grep metrics \u786e\u8ba4 metrics API \u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e8c：CPU \u90fd\u6253\u6ee1\u4e86，Pod \u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u6269\u5bb9？ \u68c0\u67e5 Deployment \u662f\u5426\u58f0\u660e\u4e86 resources.requests\u3002HPA \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u91cf \/ Request\u300d\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4，\u6ca1\u6709 Request \u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528\u7387，HPA \u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u663e\u793a <unknown>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e09：\u5185\u5b58\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 HPA \u4f38\u7f29？ \u53ef\u4ee5，\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u578b\u4f38\u7f29\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u3002CPU \u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u300c\u5f39\u6027\u300d\u7684，\u77ed\u65f6\u5c16\u5cf0\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u7f13\u89e3；\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u65e6\u5403\u6ee1\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6216\u56fa\u5b9a\u5360\u7528，\u6269\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898，\u53cd\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u9891\u7e41\u6296\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u56db：Request \u8bbe\u592a\u5c0f\u4f1a\u600e\u6837？ Request \u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f9d\u636e，\u8bbe\u5f97\u592a\u5c0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8282\u70b9\u8d85\u5356\u4e25\u91cd，\u591a\u4e2a Pod \u6324\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a，\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\u4e92\u76f8\u62d6\u6162，QoS \u4e5f\u4f1a\u964d\u7ea7\u4e3a Burstable，\u8282\u70b9\u538b\u529b\u5927\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u9a71\u9010\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u662f Kubernetes \u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u300c\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u300d：\u4e0d\u61c2\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d，\u96c6\u7fa4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2；\u638c\u63e1\u4e86 Request\u3001Limit \u548c HPA \u4e4b\u540e，\u4f60\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u4f38\u7f29\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u638c\u63a7\u529b\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e09\u6761\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219：Request \u51b3\u5b9a Pod \u843d\u5728\u54ea\u91cc，Limit \u51b3\u5b9a\u5bb9\u5668\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u591a\u5c11，HPA \u51b3\u5b9a\u526f\u672c\u8be5\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u8d44\u6e90，\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u8083\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u671f\u9884\u544a：\u7b2c 10 \u5929\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165 K8s \u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b，\u6df1\u5165 CNI\u3001Calico \u4e0e NetworkPolicy，\u641e\u61c2 Pod \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6d41\u8f6c\u3001\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u5fae\u4fe1\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\"<\/p>\n

You must learn a new way to think before you can master a new way to be.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d，\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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