{"id":107722,"date":"2026-09-20T05:58:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T21:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/107722.html"},"modified":"2026-09-20T05:58:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T21:58:32","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%89%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8aunsafe-rust-%e4%b8%8e-ffi%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%8e-c-%e5%92%8c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/107722.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u300aunsafe Rust \u4e0e FFI\uff1a\u4e0e C \u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b89\u5168 Rust（Safe Rust） \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3001\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u66ff\u6211\u4eec\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f，\u5b89\u5168 Rust \u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe：\u8c03\u7528 C \u5e93\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6，\u5c31\u9700\u8981 unsafe Rust\u3002unsafe \u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5173\u95ed\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u542f\u4e94\u9879\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u5e76\u5c06\u5b89\u5168\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece unsafe \u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u8bb2\u8d77，\u6df1\u5165\u8bb2\u89e3\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3001FFI（\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3）\u3001bindgen\/cbindgen \u5de5\u5177，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 C \u5e93\u5c01\u88c5\u5b9e\u6218，\u5e2e\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528 unsafe \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001unsafe \u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u80fd\u529b
\nunsafe \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u89e3\u9501\u4e86\u4e94\u79cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

\"\u80fd\u529b\u8bf4\u660e\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\n\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488*const<\/p>\n

💡 \u5173\u952e\u7406\u89e3：unsafe \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5173\u95ed\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u505a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e94\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ecd\u7136\u68c0\u67e5\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u88f8\u6307\u9488（Raw Pointer）
\n\u88f8\u6307\u9488 *const T \u548c *mut T \u4e0e C \u7684\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u4e0d\u53d7 Rust \u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> num =<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u88f8\u6307\u9488（\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c）<\/span>
\n let<\/span> r1 =<\/span> &<\/span>num as<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> i32<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> r2 =<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> num as<\/span> *<\/span>mut<\/span> i32<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488（unsafe \u64cd\u4f5c）<\/span>
\n unsafe<\/span> {<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"r1 = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>r1)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"r2 = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> *<\/span>r2)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span>r2 =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u53d8\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"num = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> num)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 10<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n

\"\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5f15\u7528\uff08&T<\/p>\n

2.2 \u88f8\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014
\n\u573a\u666f\u4e00：\u4e0e C \u4ee3\u7801\u4ea4\u4e92<\/p>\n

extern<\/span> "C"<\/span> {<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> malloc<\/span>(<\/span>size:<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> *<\/span>mut<\/span> u8<\/span>;<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> free<\/span>(<\/span>ptr:<\/span> *<\/span>mut<\/span> u8<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n unsafe<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> ptr =<\/span> malloc<\/span>(<\/span>1024<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n if<\/span> !<\/span>ptr.<\/span>is_null<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58…<\/span>
\n free<\/span>(<\/span>ptr)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u573a\u666f\u4e8c：\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

struct<\/span> LinkedList<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n head:<\/span> *<\/span>mut<\/span> Node<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
\n len:<\/span> usize<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

struct<\/span> Node<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n value:<\/span> T<\/span>,<\/span>
\n next:<\/span> *<\/span>mut<\/span> Node<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

impl<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> LinkedList<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>
\n LinkedList<\/span> {<\/span>
\n head:<\/span> std::<\/span>ptr::<\/span><\/span>null_mut<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n len:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> push<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> self<\/span>,<\/span> value:<\/span> T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> new_node =<\/span> Box<\/span>::<\/span>into_raw<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Node<\/span> {<\/span>
\n value,<\/span>
\n next:<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>head,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

self<\/span>.<\/span>head =<\/span> new_node;<\/span>
\n self<\/span>.<\/span>len +=<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001unsafe \u51fd\u6570
\nunsafe fn \u8868\u793a\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

\/\/\/ # Safety<\/span>
\n\/\/\/<\/span>
\n\/\/\/ `ptr` \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u6709\u6548 `i32` \u7684\u975e\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span>
\nunsafe<\/span> fn<\/span> read_value<\/span>(<\/span>ptr:<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> i32<\/span> {<\/span>
\n *<\/span>ptr
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> x =<\/span> 42<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> value =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> read_value<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>x)<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"value = {}"<\/span>,<\/span> value)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5：\u4e3a unsafe fn \u6dfb\u52a0 # Safety \u6587\u6863\u6ce8\u91ca，\u8bf4\u660e\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61：\u5c01\u88c5 unsafe \u4ee3\u7801
\nunsafe \u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f Rust \u751f\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219：\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u7684 unsafe \u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd，\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u5b89\u5168 API\u3002<\/p>\n

4.1 \u5c01\u88c5\u793a\u4f8b：\u5b89\u5168\u7684 split_at_mut
\n\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684 split_at_mut \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u5207\u7247\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u5207\u7247：<\/p>\n

use<\/span> std::<\/span><\/span>slice;<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> split_at_mut_safe<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>slice:<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> [<\/span>T<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> mid:<\/span> usize<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> (<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> [<\/span>T<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>mut<\/span> [<\/span>T<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> len =<\/span> slice.<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> ptr =<\/span> slice.<\/span>as_mut_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

assert!<\/span>(<\/span>mid <=<\/span> len,<\/span> "\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

unsafe<\/span> {<\/span>
\n (<\/span>
\n slice::<\/span><\/span>from_raw_parts_mut<\/span>(<\/span>ptr,<\/span> mid)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n slice::<\/span><\/span>from_raw_parts_mut<\/span>(<\/span>ptr.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>mid)<\/span>,<\/span> len –<\/span> mid)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n )<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> mut<\/span> v =<\/span> vec!<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> (<\/span>left,<\/span> right)<\/span> =<\/span> split_at_mut_safe<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>mut<\/span> v,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n left[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
\n right[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 40<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"{:?}"<\/span>,<\/span> v)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ [10, 2, 3, 40, 5, 6]<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c01\u88c5\u8981\u70b9：<\/p>\n

\u5916\u90e8 API \u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684（\u65e0 unsafe）\u3002<\/p>\n

assert! \u68c0\u67e5\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

unsafe \u5757\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001FFI：\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3
\nFFI（Foreign Function Interface） \u8ba9 Rust \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00（\u4e3b\u8981\u662f C）\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

5.1 \u8c03\u7528 C \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

use<\/span> std::<\/span>os::<\/span>raw::<\/span><\/span>{<\/span>c_char,<\/span> c_int}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u5916\u90e8 C \u51fd\u6570<\/span>
\nextern<\/span> "C"<\/span> {<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> strlen<\/span>(<\/span>s:<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> c_char)<\/span> -><\/span> usize<\/span>;<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> puts<\/span>(<\/span>s:<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> c_char)<\/span> -><\/span> c_int;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> s =<\/span> std::<\/span>ffi::<\/span><\/span>CString<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello from Rust!"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n unsafe<\/span> {<\/span>
\n puts<\/span>(<\/span>s.<\/span>as_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n let<\/span> len =<\/span> strlen<\/span>(<\/span>s.<\/span>as_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6: {}"<\/span>,<\/span> len)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

C \u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e Rust \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94：<\/p>\n

C \u7c7b\u578bRust \u7c7b\u578b
\n\"intc_int\uff08i32\uff09\ncharc_char\uff08i8<\/p>\n

5.2 \u5bfc\u51fa Rust \u51fd\u6570\u7ed9 C<\/p>\n

#[no_mangle]<\/span>
\npub<\/span> extern<\/span> "C"<\/span> fn<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span> b:<\/span> i32<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> i32<\/span> {<\/span>
\n a +<\/span> b
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

#[no_mangle]<\/span>
\npub<\/span> extern<\/span> "C"<\/span> fn<\/span> greet<\/span>(<\/span>name:<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> std::<\/span>os::<\/span>raw::<\/span><\/span>c_char)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> name =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> std::<\/span>ffi::<\/span><\/span>CStr<\/span>::<\/span>from_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>name)<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n println!<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello, {}!"<\/span>,<\/span> name.<\/span>to_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u5c5e\u6027：<\/p>\n

#[no_mangle]：\u963b\u6b62 Rust \u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

extern \u201cC\u201d：\u4f7f\u7528 C \u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6210 C \u5934\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

toml
\n[lib]
\ncrate-type = [\u201ccdylib\u201d] # \u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5e93
\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u751f\u6210 .so（Linux）\u6216 .dll（Windows），C \u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u94fe\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3 \u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\nRust \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u2192 C \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：<\/p>\n

use<\/span> std::<\/span>ffi::<\/span><\/span>CString<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

let<\/span> rust_str =<\/span> "hello"<\/span>;<\/span>
\nlet<\/span> c_str =<\/span> CString<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>rust_str)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\nlet<\/span> ptr =<\/span> c_str.<\/span>as_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ *const c_char<\/span><\/p>\n

C \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u2192 Rust \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32：<\/p>\n

use<\/span> std::<\/span>ffi::<\/span><\/span>CStr<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

let<\/span> c_str:<\/span> *<\/span>const<\/span> c_char =<\/span> …<\/span>;<\/span>
\nlet<\/span> rust_str =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> CStr<\/span>::<\/span>from_ptr<\/span>(<\/span>c_str)<\/span> }<\/span>
\n .<\/span>to_str<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f：CString \u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743，CStr \u662f\u501f\u7528\u3002CString::new \u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001bindgen \u4e0e cbindgen：\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7ed1\u5b9a
\n\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u5199 FFI \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177：<\/p>\n

6.1 bindgen：\u4ece C \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210 Rust \u7ed1\u5b9a<\/p>\n

cargo<\/span> install<\/span> bindgen-cli<\/p>\n

\/\/ wrapper.h<\/span>
\n#include "mylib.h"<\/span><\/p>\n

bindgen wrapper.h -o<\/span> src\/bindings.rs<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684 bindings.rs \u5305\u542b C \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Rust \u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 build.rs \u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210：<\/p>\n

\/\/ build.rs<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> bindings =<\/span> bindgen::<\/span><\/span>Builder<\/span>::<\/span>default<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>"wrapper.h"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>parse_callbacks<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>bindgen::<\/span><\/span>CargoCallbacks<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>generate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"\u751f\u6210\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

let<\/span> out_path =<\/span> std::<\/span>path::<\/span><\/span>PathBuf<\/span>::<\/span>from<\/span>(<\/span>std::<\/span>env::<\/span><\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>"OUT_DIR"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n bindings
\n .<\/span>write_to_file<\/span>(<\/span>out_path.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>"bindings.rs"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>expect<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5199\u5165\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

6.2 cbindgen：\u4ece Rust \u751f\u6210 C \u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

cargo<\/span> install<\/span> cbindgen<\/p>\n

cbindgen –config<\/span> cbindgen.toml –crate<\/span> my_crate –output<\/span> my_crate.h<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5b9e\u6218：\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a C \u5e93
\n\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a C \u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668：<\/p>\n

\/\/ calculator.h<\/span>
\ntypedef<\/span> struct<\/span> {<\/span>
\n double<\/span> result;<\/span>
\n int<\/span> error_code;<\/span>
\n}<\/span> CalcResult;<\/span><\/p>\n

CalcResult calc_add<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> a,<\/span> double<\/span> b)<\/span>;<\/span>
\nCalcResult calc_div<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> a,<\/span> double<\/span> b)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 1：\u521b\u5efa Rust \u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n

toml
\n[package]
\nname = \u201ccalculator\u201d
\nversion = \u201c0.1.0\u201d
\nedition = \u201c2021\u201d<\/p>\n

[dependencies]
\nlibc = \u201c0.2\u201d<\/p>\n

[build-dependencies]
\ncc = \u201c1\u201d
\nStep 2：\u7f16\u5199\u5b89\u5168\u5c01\u88c5<\/p>\n

use<\/span> std::<\/span>os::<\/span>raw::<\/span><\/span>c_double;<\/span><\/p>\n

#[repr(C)]<\/span>
\nstruct<\/span> CalcResult<\/span> {<\/span>
\n result:<\/span> c_double,<\/span>
\n error_code:<\/span> i32<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

extern<\/span> "C"<\/span> {<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> calc_add<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> c_double,<\/span> b:<\/span> c_double)<\/span> -><\/span> CalcResult<\/span>;<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> calc_div<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> c_double,<\/span> b:<\/span> c_double)<\/span> -><\/span> CalcResult<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ ===== \u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61 =====<\/span><\/p>\n

#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>
\npub<\/span> enum<\/span> CalcError<\/span> {<\/span>
\n DivisionByZero<\/span>,<\/span>
\n Unknown<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

pub<\/span> fn<\/span> add<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> f64<\/span>,<\/span> b:<\/span> f64<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>f64<\/span>,<\/span> CalcError<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> result =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> calc_add<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n check_result<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

pub<\/span> fn<\/span> div<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> f64<\/span>,<\/span> b:<\/span> f64<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>f64<\/span>,<\/span> CalcError<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n let<\/span> result =<\/span> unsafe<\/span> {<\/span> calc_div<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span> }<\/span>;<\/span>
\n check_result<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

fn<\/span> check_result<\/span>(<\/span>result:<\/span> CalcResult<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>f64<\/span>,<\/span> CalcError<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>
\n match<\/span> result.<\/span>error_code {<\/span>
\n 0<\/span> =><\/span> Ok<\/span>(<\/span>result.<\/span>result)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n 1<\/span> =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>CalcError<\/span>::<\/span>DivisionByZero<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n code =><\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>CalcError<\/span>::<\/span>Unknown<\/span>(<\/span>code)<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

#[cfg(test)]<\/span>
\nmod<\/span> tests<\/span> {<\/span>
\n use<\/span> super<\/span>::<\/span>*<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

#[test]<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> test_add<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n assert_eq!<\/span>(<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>2.0<\/span>,<\/span> 3.0<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>unwrap<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> 5.0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span><\/p>\n

#[test]<\/span>
\n fn<\/span> test_div_by_zero<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n assert!<\/span>(<\/span>matches!<\/span>(<\/span>div<\/span>(<\/span>1.0<\/span>,<\/span> 0.0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>CalcError<\/span>::<\/span>DivisionByZero<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 3：\u7f16\u8bd1 C \u4ee3\u7801（build.rs）<\/p>\n

\/\/ build.rs<\/span>
\nfn<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n cc::<\/span><\/span>Build<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>file<\/span>(<\/span>"src\/calculator.c"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n .<\/span>compile<\/span>(<\/span>"calculator"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219：<\/p>\n

unsafe \u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684 Result<f64, CalcError>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Rust \u7684 enum\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u4f9b\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u786e\u4fdd\u5c01\u88c5\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001unsafe \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5
\n\u6700\u5c0f\u5316 unsafe \u8303\u56f4：unsafe \u5757\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f，\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5fc5\u987b unsafe \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61：\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u5b89\u5168 API，\u5c06 unsafe \u9690\u85cf\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u6863\u5316 Safety \u6761\u4ef6：\u4e3a unsafe fn \u6dfb\u52a0 # Safety \u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 debug_assert! \u9a8c\u8bc1\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6：\u5728 debug \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528 Miri \u68c0\u6d4b\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a：cargo +nightly miri test \u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b unsafe \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 UB\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61：\u5982 std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut \u4ee3\u66ff\u624b\u5199\u6307\u9488\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 bytemuck\u3001zerocopy \u7b49\u5e93：\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

8.1 \u4f7f\u7528 Miri \u68c0\u6d4b UB<\/p>\n

rustup +nightly component add<\/span> miri
\ncargo<\/span> +nightly miri test<\/span><\/p>\n

Miri \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a MIR \u89e3\u91ca\u5668，\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a（\u5982\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3
\nunsafe \u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u80fd\u529b：\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3001\u8c03\u7528 unsafe \u51fd\u6570\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ef\u53d8\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0 unsafe trait\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee union \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

unsafe \u4e0d\u5173\u95ed\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ea\u89e3\u9501\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88f8\u6307\u9488：*const T \/ *mut T，\u53ef\u4e3a null，\u4e0d\u53d7\u501f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

FFI：extern \u201cC\u201d \u58f0\u660e\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570，#[no_mangle] \u5bfc\u51fa Rust \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

bindgen \/ cbindgen：\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 C \u4e0e Rust \u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u62bd\u8c61：unsafe \u4ee3\u7801\u5e94\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u5b89\u5168 API \u5185\u90e8，\u6700\u5c0f\u5316 unsafe \u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

Miri：\u68c0\u6d4b unsafe \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b89\u5168 Rust（Safe Rust） \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3001\u501f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u66ff\u6211\u4eec\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f，\u5b89\u5168 Rust \u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe：\u8c03\u7528 C \u5e93\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u88f8\u6307\u9488\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6，\u5c31\u9700\u8981 unsafe Rust\u3002unsafe \u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5173\u95ed\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u201d，\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u542f\u4e94\u9879\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u80fd\u529b&#<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[206],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-107722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-rust"],"yoast_head":"\n\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u300aunsafe Rust \u4e0e FFI\uff1a\u4e0e C \u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u300b - 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