{"id":106690,"date":"2026-09-18T01:08:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T17:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/106690.html"},"modified":"2026-09-18T01:08:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T17:08:36","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e3%80%91%e3%80%90linux%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e7%ad%89%e5%be%85%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%e4%b8%8e%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e6%9b%bf%e6%8d%a2%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%e5%88%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/106690.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u3011\u3010Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u5f85\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u673a\u5236\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c\u3011\u6d41\u98df\u822c\u6295\u5582"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2：\u7ec8\u6b62\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u673a\u5236\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c<\/h2>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u5b9a\u4f4d：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf"\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f"\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f9d\u636e\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u5f55\u6574\u7406，\u8986\u76d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8bed\u4e49\u3001wait\/waitpid\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536\u3001status\u4f4d\u56fe\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u963b\u585e\/\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b，\u4ee5\u53caexec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u70b9：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u7406\u89e3"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49"\u3001\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u7b49\u201d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca"\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be5\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48"，\u662f\u5199\u51fa\u5065\u58ee\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62：\u7ed9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4ea4\u4ee3"<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03：\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，\u4e16\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u518d\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u573a\u666f\u5224\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u8dd1\u5b8c，\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e<\/td>\n\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u5230 main \u672b\u5c3e\u6216 exit(0)<\/td>\n\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u547d\u8fbe\u6210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u8dd1\u5b8c，\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e<\/td>\n\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef，\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n\u8fd4\u56de \u975e0，\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td>\n\u9664\u96f6\u3001\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u3001\u6536\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/td>\n\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u65e0\u610f\u4e49，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u65ad，\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u8d70\u5230 return<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25）：<\/p>\n

FILE *<\/span>fp =<\/span> fopen<\/span>(<\/span>"log.txt"<\/span>,<\/span> "r"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u65e0\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
\nif<\/span> (<\/span>fp ==<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n return<\/span> errno;<\/span> \/\/ \u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25，\u8fd4\u56de errno<\/span>
\n}<\/span>
\nfclose<\/span>(<\/span>fp)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/errno \u662f C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf（\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8，int errno），<\/span>
\n\/\/\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u540e，\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165echo $? \u8f93\u51fa 2\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f 2？\u56e0\u4e3a C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u9519\u8bef\u7801 ENOENT \u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f 2，\u7528 strerror(2) \u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u6b63\u662f \u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u201d\u3002（strerror \u662f C \u5e93\u51fd\u6570，\u58f0\u660e\u5728 <string.h> \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u9519\u8bef\u7801（\u5982 errno \u7684\u503c）\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002）<\/p>\n

\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（ls \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801）：
\n\u5728 Shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c：<\/p>\n

$ ls<\/span> hello.txt # \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u62a5\u9519<\/span>
\n$ echo<\/span> $?<\/span> # \u8f93\u51fa 2<\/span>
\n$ ls<\/span> # \u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c<\/span>
\n$ echo<\/span> $?<\/span> # \u8f93\u51fa 0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8001\u5e08\u501f\u6b64\u70b9\u660e：ls \u4e5f\u662f C \u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u5b83\u9075\u5b88\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u2014\u20140 \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f，\u975e 0 \u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa\u7801）：
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801，\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u6545\u610f return 13;，echo $? \u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 13\u3002\u201c\u6ca1\u4eba\u62e6\u7740\u4f60，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5b9a\u5236\u9000\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1.2 \u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u672c\u8d28：main \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5199\u7ed9\u8c01？<\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u7684 main \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6574\u6570，\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u770b\u7684，\u800c\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u5728 Linux \u4e0b，main \u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c return \u65f6，\u8be5\u503c\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\/\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u914d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5199\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b PCB（task_struct）\u4e2d\u7684 exit_code \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u72b6\u6001（Zombie）\u540e，PCB \u4e0d\u91ca\u653e，\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cc\u9762\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f，\u7b49\u5f85\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765"\u8bfb\u53d6\u6848\u53d1\u73b0\u573a"\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7 wait\/waitpid \u62ff\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c，Shell（bash）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668，\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u62ff\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u7528 echo $? \u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u8865\u5145\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f？
    \n\u6709\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3：\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40 int g_exit_code，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u524d\u6539\u5b83，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u4e0d\u884c\u5417？\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6027，\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u9875\u8868（\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d）\u3002\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230（\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d）\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u4e2d"\u8f6c\u4ea4"\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

    1.3 \u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa：\u4e00\u65e6\u5f02\u5e38，\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5373\u523b"\u4f5c\u5e9f"<\/h4>\n

    \u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u9664\u96f6\u5f02\u5e38）：<\/p>\n

    int<\/span> a =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
    \na \/=<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5f02\u5e38<\/span>
    \nreturn<\/span> 89<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd9\u884c\u6839\u672c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5230！<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u540e echo $?，\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u662f 89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u9664\u96f6\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f02\u5e38\u5d29\u6e83，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230 SIGFPE（8\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7），\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u8dd1\u5230 return\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8c08\u8bba\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8001\u5e08\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4：<\/p>\n

    \u8003\u8bd5\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5：\u8003 100 \u5206\u3001\u8003 59 \u5206\u3001\u4f5c\u5f0a\u88ab\u6293\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u5c5e\u4e8e"\u4ee3\u7801\u8dd1\u5b8c"，\u6210\u7ee9（\u9000\u51fa\u7801）\u6709\u610f\u4e49；\u4e00\u65e6\u4f5c\u5f0a\u88ab\u6293（\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62），\u8bd5\u5377\u90fd\u6ca1\u7b54\u5b8c，\u6210\u7ee9\u4fbf\u5931\u53bb\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u5e38\u5b9e\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u91ce\u6307\u9488：*p = 100;（p \u6307\u5411\u7a7a\u5730\u5740），\u89e6\u53d1\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef SIGSEGV（11\u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7）\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u88ab kill -9 \u6740\u6b7b：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6536\u5230 9 \u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7 SIGKILL，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b waitpid \u4f1a\u8bfb\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u4e3a 9，\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u8bba：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u53ea\u6709\u5728"\u6b63\u5e38\u8dd1\u5b8c"\u65f6\u624d\u4ee3\u8868\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u679c；\u82e5\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62，\u7531\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

      2.1 return<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u53ea\u6709\u5728 main \u51fd\u6570\u91cc return \u624d\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa；\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u7684 return \u53ea\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.2 exit() \u2014\u2014 C \u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8c03\u7528 exit(status)，\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62，\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u8c03\u7528\u540e\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c：\u8c03\u7528\u901a\u8fc7 atexit \u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6d41（FILE*）\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u5e95\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 _exit，\u4f46\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42 C \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6536\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2.3 _exit() \u2014\u2014 \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \u76f4\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u8fd9\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684"\u539f\u59cb"\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"
            \n\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u9a8c（exit vs _exit \u4e0e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4f4d\u7f6e）：<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            printf<\/span>(<\/span>"hello world"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f：\u6ca1\u6709 \\\\n<\/span>
            \nsleep<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
            \nexit<\/span>(<\/span>23<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6216\u6362\u6210 _exit(23);<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u4f7f\u7528 exit(23)：2 \u79d2\u540e\u80fd\u770b\u5230 \u201chello world\u201d \u8f93\u51fa，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u524d C \u5e93\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u88ab\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u4f7f\u7528 _exit(23)：2 \u79d2\u540e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230 \u201chello world\u201d，\u56e0\u4e3a C \u5e93\u7528\u6237\u5c42\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ca1\u88ab\u5237\u65b0，\u76f4\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u8001\u5e08\u501f\u6b64\u5f15\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u4f0f\u7b14：<\/p>\n

              \u201c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc？\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8，\u90a3 exit \u548c _exit \u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5237\u65b0\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e _exit \u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u2014\u2014\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0d\u5728\u5185\u6838，\u800c\u5728 C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e93\u7ea7\u522b（\u7528\u6237\u5c42）\u3002\u201d（\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e"\u6211\u6709\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709"\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8）<\/p>\n

              \u8865\u5145\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 C \u8bed\u8a00\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d main \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5199 return？
              \n\u5982\u679c main \u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de int \u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5199 return，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u63d2\u5165 return 0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f：\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u901a\u8fc7 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668（\u5982 eax） \u4f20\u9012，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5199 return，\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 0\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85：\u672c\u8282\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd<\/h3>\n

              3.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u5f85？<\/h4>\n

              \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b83\u529e\u4e8b，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b：<\/p>\n

            • \u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u82e5\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u56de\u6536，\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b（Zombie）\u3002\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4ea1，\u8fde kill -9 \u90fd\u6740\u4e0d\u6389，\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7 wait\/waitpid \u56de\u6536，\u5426\u5219\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f（PCB \u4e00\u76f4\u5360\u7740\u5185\u5b58）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u5f97\u5982\u4f55？\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u5417？\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u4e86\u5417？<\/li>\n

              \u201c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u5185\u5411\u7684\u4eba，\u4f46\u5728\u6280\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3b\u52a8\u2019\u95ee\u2019\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u2018\u4f60\u4e8b\u513f\u529e\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e86？\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

              3.2 \u7b49\u5f85\u63a5\u53e3：wait \u4e0e waitpid<\/h4>\n

              pid_t<\/span> wait<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> *<\/span>status)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \npid_t<\/span> waitpid<\/span>(<\/span>pid_t<\/span> pid,<\/span> int<\/span> *<\/span>status,<\/span> int<\/span> options)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
              wait(NULL)<\/td>\n\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7248\u672c\u3002\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa，\u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PID\u3002\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f20 NULL\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              waitpid(pid, &status, 0)<\/td>\n\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3002- pid > 0：\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a PID \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002- pid = -1：\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e wait()\u3002- status：\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570，\u5e26\u56de\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002- options： behavior \u63a7\u5236，\u9ed8\u8ba4 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（wait \u56de\u6536\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b）：<\/p>\n

              pid_t<\/span> id =<\/span> fork<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \nif<\/span> (<\/span>id ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u8dd1 5 \u79d2\u540e\u9000\u51fa<\/span>
              \n int<\/span> cnt =<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n while<\/span> (<\/span>cnt—<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b: %d, PID: %d, PPID: %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> cnt,<\/span> getpid<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> getppid<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n sleep<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n}<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n \/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
              \n sleep<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5148\u4e0d\u56de\u6536，\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d8\u50f5\u5c38<\/span>
              \n pid_t<\/span> ret =<\/span> wait<\/span>(<\/span>NULL<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n if<\/span> (<\/span>ret ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
              \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7b49\u5f85\u6210\u529f, \u56de\u6536\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bPID: %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> ret)<\/span>;<\/span>
              \n }<\/span>
              \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u7528\u76d1\u63a7\u811a\u672c ps ajx | grep proc \u89c2\u5bdf：<\/p>\n

            • \u524d 5 \u79d2：\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c（S+ \u72b6\u6001）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e：\u53d8\u6210 Z+（\u50f5\u5c38\u72b6\u6001）\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b wait \u6210\u529f\u540e：\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u77ac\u95f4\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u82e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u9000\u51fa，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5728 wait \u5904，\u7c7b\u6bd4 scanf \u7b49\u5f85\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n

              3.3 \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 status \u7684\u4f4d\u56fe\u89e3\u6790（\u6838\u5fc3\u96be\u70b9）<\/h4>\n

              status \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a int（32 \u4f4d），\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f4e 16 \u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u4f4d\u56fe：<\/p>\n

              \u9ad816\u4f4d \u4f4e16\u4f4d
              \n+——–+——–+—————-+
              \n| \u672a\u4f7f\u7528 | \u9000\u51fa\u7801 | core | \u4fe1\u53f7\u503c |
              \n| (16bit)| (8bit) | flag | (7bit) |
              \n+——–+——–+—————-+<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u6b21\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d（Bit 8-15）：\u5b58\u50a8\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u7801（Exit Code）\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u4f4e 7 \u4f4d（Bit 0-6）：\u5b58\u50a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c（Signal）\u3002\u82e5\u4e3a 0，\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa；\u82e5\u975e 0，\u8868\u793a\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u8001\u5e08\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03：\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709 0 \u53f7\u4fe1\u53f7，\u6240\u4ee5\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d\u4e3a 0 \u5929\u7136\u5c31\u8868\u793a"\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7"，\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u96c5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u624b\u52a8\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u53d6）：<\/p>\n

                int<\/span> status;<\/span>
                \nwaitpid<\/span>(<\/span>id,<\/span> &<\/span>status,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \nint<\/span> exit_code =<\/span> (<\/span>status >><\/span> 8<\/span>)<\/span> &<\/span> 0xFF<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63d0\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/span>
                \nint<\/span> signal =<\/span> status &<\/span> 0x7F<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528 (status >> 8) & 0xFF？\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b exit(1) \u65f6，status \u91cc 1 \u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u7b2c 8-15 \u4f4d，\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5370 status \u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 256（\u5373 1 << 8），\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u56f0\u60d1"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f 1"\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f（\u4e0d\u6613\u51fa\u9519）：<\/p>\n

                if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFEXITED<\/span>(<\/span>status)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa，\u9000\u51fa\u7801: %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> WEXITSTATUS<\/span>(<\/span>status)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \n}<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFSIGNALED<\/span>(<\/span>status)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62，\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c: %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> WTERMSIG<\/span>(<\/span>status)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • WIFEXITED：\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa（\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f4d\u4e3a 0）\u3002<\/li>\n
                • WEXITSTATUS：\u63d0\u53d6\u6b21\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
                • WIFSIGNALED：\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n
                • WTERMSIG：\u63d0\u53d6\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u8865\u5145\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：wait\/waitpid \u4f55\u65f6\u5931\u8d25？<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • wait \u5931\u8d25：\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de -1\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • waitpid \u5931\u8d25：\u4f20\u5165\u7684 pid \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728（\u6bd4\u5982\u968f\u4fbf\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a 1），\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n

                    \u56db\u3001\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85 vs \u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/h3>\n

                    \u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f，\u662f\u7406\u89e3"\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236"\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

                    4.1 \u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85（Blocking）<\/h4>\n

                    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a（options = 0）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u9000\u51fa，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728 wait\/waitpid \u5904\u6302\u8d77，\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u624d\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u8bfe\u5802\u7c7b\u6bd4（\u963b\u585e\u5f0f\u7535\u8bdd）：<\/p>\n

                    \u5f20\u4e09\u627e\u5b66\u9738\u674e\u56db\u590d\u4e60\u3002\u674e\u56db\u8bf4：\u201c\u6211\u5728\u697c\u4e0a\u590d\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc，\u8fd8\u5f97\u7b49 10 \u5206\u949f\u3002\u201d \u5f20\u4e09\u8bf4：\u201c\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb，\u6211\u4e0d\u6302\u7535\u8bdd，\u6211\u5c31\u62ff\u7740\u624b\u673a\u7b49，\u4f60\u597d\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u697c\u3002\u201d
                    \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f20\u4e09\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u5e72\u4e0d\u4e86，\u5361\u5728"\u7b49\u5f85"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u963b\u585e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7528\u7684 scanf\u3001sleep，\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 waitpid，\u90fd\u662f\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

                    4.2 \u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85（Non-blocking）<\/h4>\n

                    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9009\u9879 WNOHANG（Wait No Hang，\u610f\u4e3a"\u7b49\u5f85\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u592f\u4f4f"）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u9000\u51fa，waitpid \u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u8d77，\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u505a\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u8bfe\u5802\u7c7b\u6bd4（\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2\u7535\u8bdd）：<\/p>\n

                    \u5f20\u4e09\u7ed9\u674e\u56db\u6253\u7535\u8bdd：\u201c\u4f60\u597d\u4e86\u5417？\u201d \u674e\u56db：\u201c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u3002\u201d \u5f20\u4e09\u6302\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u3002
                    \n\u8fc7\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f，\u5f20\u4e09\u518d\u6253：\u201c\u597d\u4e86\u5417？\u201d \u674e\u56db：\u201c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u3002\u201d \u5f20\u4e09\u518d\u6302\u65ad\u3002
                    \n\u53cd\u590d\u51e0\u6b21\u540e\u674e\u56db\u4e0b\u697c\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u95f4\u9699，\u5f20\u4e09\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e66\u3001\u73a9\u624b\u673a\u3001\u53d1\u5446\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

                    4.3 \u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n

                    \/\/ \u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2：\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>
                    \nwhile<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n pid_t<\/span> ret =<\/span> waitpid<\/span>(<\/span>id,<\/span> &<\/span>status,<\/span> WNOHANG)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n if<\/span> (<\/span>ret ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n \/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f，\u56de\u6536\u6210\u529f<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7b49\u5f85\u6210\u529f, \u9000\u51fa\u7801: %d\\\\n"<\/span>,<\/span> WEXITSTATUS<\/span>(<\/span>status)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>ret ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n \/\/ \u672c\u8f6e\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f，\u4f46\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u9000\u51fa<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u672c\u8f6e\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u9000\u51fa，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b…\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n sleep<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6162\u4e00\u70b9\u8f6e\u8be2，\u4e0d\u8981 CPU \u7a7a\u8f6c<\/span>
                    \n }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
                    \n \/\/ ret < 0，\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u8d25<\/span>
                    \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u8d25\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
                    \n }<\/span>
                    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u542b\u4e49\u56de\u987e：<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • ret > 0：\u6210\u529f\u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b，ret \u5373\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b PID\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • ret == 0：\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1a\u672a\u9000\u51fa，\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u8f6e\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • ret < 0：\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u8d25（\u5982\u4f20\u9519 PID）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      4.4 \u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528：\u56de\u8c03\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u6ce8\u518c<\/h4>\n

                      \u8001\u5e08\u73b0\u573a\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6846\u67b6，\u5c55\u793a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b"\u5fd9\u91cc\u5077\u95f2"：<\/p>\n

                      #<\/span>define<\/span> NUM<\/span> 5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      typedef<\/span> void<\/span> (<\/span>*<\/span>func_t<\/span>)<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
                      \n\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u5148\u6b63\u5e38\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488<\/span>
                      \n\/\/ void (*func_ptr)(); <\/span>
                      \n\/\/ func_ptr \u662f"\u6307\u5411\u8fd4\u56devoid\u3001\u65e0\u53c2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488"<\/span>
                      \n\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0 typedef<\/span>
                      \n\/\/ typedef void (*func_t)(); <\/span>
                      \n\/\/ func_t \u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86"\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b"\u7684\u540d\u5b57<\/span><\/p>\n

                      func_t<\/span> handlers[<\/span>NUM]<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4efb\u52a1\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ \u6ce8\u518c\u4efb\u52a1：\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5237\u65b0\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55…<\/span>
                      \nvoid<\/span> regist_handler<\/span>(<\/span>func_t<\/span> f)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> NUM;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n if<\/span> (<\/span>handlers[<\/span>i]<\/span> ==<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n handlers[<\/span>i]<\/span> =<\/span> f;<\/span>
                      \n return<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \n }<\/span>
                      \n }<\/span>
                      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                      void<\/span> download<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1…\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>
                      \nvoid<\/span> flush<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6267\u884c\u5237\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1…\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>
                      \nvoid<\/span> log_task<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6267\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55…\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ \u5728\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2\u95f4\u9699\u6267\u884c：<\/span>
                      \nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> handlers[<\/span>i]<\/span> !=<\/span> NULL<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n handlers[<\/span>i]<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3：WNOHANG \u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece"\u5e72\u7b49"\u53d8\u4e3a"\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u770b\u4e00\u773c"，\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u95f4\u9699\u6267\u884c\u5fc3\u8df3\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u843d\u76d8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5237\u65b0\u7b49\u4e1a\u52a1，\u63d0\u9ad8 CPU \u5229\u7528\u7387\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n

                      \u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362（exec \u521d\u63a2）<\/h3>\n

                      5.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362？<\/h4>\n

                      \u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u6307：\u7528\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5，\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784（PCB）\u3001\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6846\u67b6\u3001PID \u7b49\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u8fdb\u7a0b = \u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784（PCB）+ \u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u53ea\u52a8"\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e"，\u4e0d\u52a8 PCB\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u8fd9\u6b63\u662f Shell（bash）\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406：<\/p>\n

                    • bash fork \u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 exec \u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570，\u52a0\u8f7d ls\u3001top \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5e8f；<\/li>\n
                    • bash waitpid \u7b49\u5f85\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f，\u83b7\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c，ls \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，bash \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n

                      5.2 execl \u51fd\u6570\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c<\/h4>\n

                      \u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 7 \u4e2a exec \u65cf\u51fd\u6570，\u8bfe\u5802\u6311\u9009 execl \u5feb\u901f\u89c1\u6548：<\/p>\n

                      #<\/span>include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      int<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
                      \n printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570：\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84；\u540e\u7eed：\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868；\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 NULL \u7ed3\u5c3e<\/span>
                      \n execl<\/span>(<\/span>"\/usr\/bin\/ls"<\/span>,<\/span> "ls"<\/span>,<\/span> "-a"<\/span>,<\/span> "-l"<\/span>,<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

                      printf<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\\\\n"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u529f，\u8fd9\u884c**\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c**<\/span>
                      \n return<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
                      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u8fd0\u884c\u73b0\u8c61：\u7ec8\u7aef\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e86 ls -a -l \u7684\u7ed3\u679c，\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230 \u201c\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

                      execl \u7684\u7279\u6027：<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u6210\u529f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de：\u4e00\u65e6\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u529f，\u539f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8986\u76d6，\u539f main \u540e\u7eed\u7684 printf \u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de -1：\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f，\u539f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b：PID \u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8，\u53ea\u662f"\u7075\u9b42"（\u4ee3\u7801\u6570\u636e）\u6362\u4e86，\u201c\u8eaf\u58f3\u201d（PCB\u3001PID）\u8fd8\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u6267\u884c top）：
                        \n\u628a execl \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6362\u6210 \/usr\/bin\/top，\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 top \u547d\u4ee4，\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa\u540e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        \u516d\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31<\/h3>\n

                        6.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u56de\u987e<\/h4>\n
                      • \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62：\u4e09\u79cd\u573a\u666f（\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\/\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\/\u5f02\u5e38）\u3002\u9000\u51fa\u7801 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f，\u975e 0 \u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0，\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u800c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a wait，PCB \u6ede\u7559\u3002\u65e0\u6cd5 kill -9，\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u7b49\u5f85\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • status \u4f4d\u56fe：\u4f4e 16 \u4f4d\u4e2d，\u6b21\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\u5b58\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u7528 WIFEXITED\u3001WEXITSTATUS \u7b49\u5b8f\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u963b\u585e vs \u975e\u963b\u585e：\u963b\u585e\u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77；WNOHANG \u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f6e\u8be2，\u53ef\u517c\u987e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362：exec \u7cfb\u5217\u66ff\u6362\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e（\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b），\u662f Shell \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u30025. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362：exec \u7cfb\u5217\u66ff\u6362\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e（\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b），\u662f Shell \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/li>\n

                        6.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

                        \u628a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u4e32\u8d77\u6765，\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u7b49\u3001\u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

                        1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49？<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90：\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u4e0d\u56de\u6536\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b，PCB \u4e00\u76f4\u5360\u7740\u5185\u5b58，\u8fde kill -9 \u90fd\u6740\u4e0d\u6389\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001：\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u529e\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u2014\u2014\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e\u5417？\u5f02\u5e38\u4e86\u5417？<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          2. \u600e\u4e48\u7b49？\u4e24\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \u63a5\u53e3：wait（\u7b49\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b）\u4e0e waitpid（\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a PID\u3001\u53ef\u4f20 options）\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • \u6a21\u5f0f：options = 0 \u662f\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77\u5e72\u7b49；options = WNOHANG \u662f\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85，\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u9000\u51fa\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de 0，\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u5fd9\u91cc\u5077\u95f2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            3. \u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48？status \u4f4d\u56fe<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • status \u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u4f4e 16 \u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u4f4d\u56fe：\u6b21\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u7801，\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\u5b58\u4fe1\u53f7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
                            • \u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u7528 (status >> 8) & 0xFF \u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3001status & 0x7F \u53d6\u4fe1\u53f7；\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7528 WIFEXITED\u3001WEXITSTATUS\u3001WIFSIGNALED\u3001WTERMSIG \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8f，\u4e0d\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85 = \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7 wait\/waitpid \u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001；\u963b\u585e\u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77，WNOHANG \u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f6e\u8be2，\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u95f4\u9699\u517c\u987e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f Shell \u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u56de\u6536\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \n

                              \u601d\u8003\u9898：\u65e2\u7136\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5728 PCB \u91cc，\u800c PCB \u662f\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u80fd\u5426\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7 waitpid，\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u5185\u5b58\u62ff\u5230 exit_code？\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48？
                              \n（\u63d0\u793a：\u4ece"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u8005"\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u3002）<\/p>\n

                              \u601d\u8003\u9898\u89e3\u7b54：<\/p>\n

                              \u4e0d\u80fd\u3002 \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u9694\u79bb，\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n

                              1. \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u9694\u79bb（\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u673a\u5236）<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • \u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4，\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4（\u5982 0x00000000 ~ 0x7FFFFFFF \u9644\u8fd1）\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • \u5185\u6838\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4（\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u533a\u57df）\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u7279\u6743\u7ea7\u8bbf\u95ee，\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u65e6\u8bbf\u95ee，CPU \u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u5f02\u5e38\/\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                2. \u7279\u6743\u7ea7\u4fdd\u62a4（CPU \u7684 ring 0 \/ ring 3）<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 CPU \u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7279\u6743\u7ea7（ring 0），\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u7279\u6743\u7ea7（ring 3）\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u5373\u4fbf\u4f60\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u5740，CPU \u786c\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u5c42\u9762\u62e6\u622a\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee，\u6839\u672c\u8f6e\u4e0d\u5230"\u8bfb\u6570\u636e"\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  3. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u8005<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • PCB（task_struct）\u662f\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684"\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7"，\u4e0d\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b wait\/waitpid \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u7684"\u7a97\u53e3"，\u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u4e3b\u52a8\u8f6c\u4ea4\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u91d1\u5e93：\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67dc\u53f0（\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528）\u67e5\u8be2\u4f59\u989d，\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7ffb\u5899\u8fdb\u53bb\u6570\u94b1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    4. \u5373\u4fbf\u7ed5\u8fc7，\u4e5f\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • \u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u5740，\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u673a\u5316（ASLR）\u3001\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027，\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a PCB \u5230\u5e95\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u800c\u4e14\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4f60\u8bfb\u5230\u7684"PCB"\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3：\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u5185\u5b58，\u8fd9\u662f CPU \u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5171\u540c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c\u3002wait\/waitpid \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b"\u4ee3\u6536"\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2：\u7ec8\u6b62\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u673a\u5236\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c\u6587\u7ae0\u5b9a\u4f4d：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\\”\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\\”\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f9d\u636e\u8bfe\u5802\u5b9e\u5f55\u6574\u7406，\u8986\u76d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8bed\u4e49\u3001wait\/waitpid\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56de\u6536\u3001status\u4f4d\u56fe\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u963b\u585e\/\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b，\u4ee5\u53caexec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u539f\u7406\u3002
                                      \n\u672c\u7ae0\u91cd\u70b9：\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u7406\u89e3\\”\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\\”\u3001\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u7b49\u201d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\\”\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be5\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\\”，\u662f\u5199\u51fa\u5065\u58ee\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11653,58,259,305,442,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-106690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-11653","tag-linux","tag-unix","tag-305","tag-442","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\n\u3010Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u3011\u3010Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u5f85\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u673a\u5236\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c\u3011\u6d41\u98df\u822c\u6295\u5582 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/106690.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u3010Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u3011\u3010Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u5f85\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u673a\u5236\u521d\u4f53\u9a8c\u3011\u6d41\u98df\u822c\u6295\u5582 - 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