{"id":106580,"date":"2026-09-17T18:32:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T10:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/106580.html"},"modified":"2026-09-17T18:32:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T10:32:31","slug":"%e4%bb%8e-o%e5%88%b0elf-%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81%e5%ba%93%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%8e%e5%8f%af%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e5%91%a8%e6%9c%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/106580.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece.o\u5230ELF-\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ece .o \u5230 ELF：\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4e0e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h2>\n

\u7cfb\u5217\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7，\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6 2026.07.18 \u2013 07.20，\u4e3b\u9898\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ece\u300c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u300d\u8f6c\u5165\u300c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u300d\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u7ebf\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：
\n\u2460 \u5e93\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？\u600e\u4e48\u9020\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48？
\n\u2461 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d？\u2014\u2014 \u8d70\u8fdb ELF \u683c\u5f0f
\n\u2462 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ece\u54ea\u6765？\u2014\u2014 Program Header Table \u662f\u90a3\u5f20\u300c\u6bb5\u84dd\u56fe\u300d<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5e93\u7684\u672c\u8d28：\u4e00\u5806 .o \u7684\u6253\u5305<\/h3>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u56db\u6b65\u8d70：\u9884\u5904\u7406 \u2192 \u7f16\u8bd1 \u2192 \u6c47\u7f16 \u2192 \u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u6c47\u7f16\u4e4b\u540e\u5f97\u5230 .o（\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6，\u51c6\u786e\u53eb\u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6），\u5b83\u662f\u300c\u53d8\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5e93，\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u5806 .o \u6253\u5305\u8d77\u6765：<\/p>\n

# \u9759\u6001\u5e93：ar \u5f52\u6863\u5de5\u5177，\u628a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709 .o \u6253\u5305<\/span>
\nar -rc<\/span> libmystdio.a *.o<\/p>\n

# \u52a8\u6001\u5e93：gcc -shared \u628a\u591a\u4e2a .o \u94fe\u63a5\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/span>
\ngcc -shared<\/span> -o<\/span> libmystdio.so *.o # \u6bcf\u4e2a .o \u9700\u5148\u7528 -fPIC \u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51e0\u6761\u94c1\u5f8b：<\/p>\n

  • \u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303：\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 lib \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u4ee5 .a（\u9759\u6001）\u6216 .so（\u52a8\u6001）\u7ed3\u5c3e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8ff7\u4fe1，\u662f -l \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7684；<\/li>\n
  • \u5e93\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b main \u51fd\u6570：\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5165\u53e3，main \u5c5e\u4e8e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e93；<\/li>\n
  • \u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5e93 = \u5e93\u6587\u4ef6 + \u5934\u6587\u4ef6：\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4efd\u5e93\u7684\u300c\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u518c\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n
    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5e93：\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u5c31\u300c\u710a\u6b7b\u300d\u8fdb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    gcc -c<\/span> mystdio.c -o<\/span> mystdio.o # \u7f16\u8bd1\u6210 .o<\/span>
    \nar -rc<\/span> libmystdio.a mystdio.o # \u6253\u5305\u6210\u9759\u6001\u5e93<\/span><\/p>\n

    gcc -o<\/span> main main.c -I.\/include -L.\/lib -lmystdio<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u804c：<\/p>\n\n\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
    -I（\u5927\u5199 i）<\/td>\n\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84（\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -L<\/td>\n\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84（\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -l（\u5c0f\u5199 L）<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u5e93\u540d，\u4e0d\u52a0 lib\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u540e\u7f00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u7528\u6307\u660e\u8def\u5f84，\u5e93\u5374\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u660e？ \u8fd9\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u65f6\u6700\u522b\u626d\u7684\u4e00\u70b9：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc #include \u7684，\u540d\u5b57\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u6b7b\u4e86（#include "mystdio.h"），\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6309 < > \u5148\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u3001" " \u5148\u672c\u5730\u518d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6700\u540e -I \u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53bb\u627e\u5c31\u884c；<\/li>\n
    • \u800c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u63d0\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57！\u4e00\u4e2a .o \u96c6\u5408\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u7528\u6237（\u4f60）\u8d77\u7684，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u4ece\u731c\u6d4b\u300c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8be5\u94fe\u8c01\u300d\u2014\u2014\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u7ed9 -l\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93，\u4e0d\u6307\u660e\u5c31\u4f1a\u6b67\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6001：\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u8fdb main \u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f53\u79ef\u5927（\u51e0 MB），\u4f46\u62f7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u8dd1，\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93：\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u53ea\u300c\u8bb0\u540d\u5b57\u300d，\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u624d\u300c\u627e\u5e93\u300d<\/h3>\n

      gcc -fPIC<\/span> -c<\/span> mystdio.c -o<\/span> mystdio.o # -fPIC：\u751f\u6210\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u4ee3\u7801<\/span>
      \ngcc -shared<\/span> -o<\/span> libmystdio.so mystdio.o
      \ngcc -o<\/span> main main.c -I.\/include -L.\/lib -lmystdio<\/span>
      \n.\/main # \u2190 \u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ffb\u8f66：\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e93！<\/span><\/p>\n

      -fPIC（Position Independent Code，\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u4ee3\u7801） \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7684\u5173\u952e：\u5e93\u8981\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e（\u5171\u4eab\u533a），\u6240\u4ee5\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6b7b\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u5740，\u5fc5\u987b\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfb\u5740\u2014\u2014\u8ba9 .o \u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

      3.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5e93？<\/h4>\n

      \u56e0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u6709\u4e24\u9053\u5173\u5361，\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9053：<\/p>\n\n\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
      \u9759\u6001\u5e93<\/td>\n\u2705 \u9700\u8981\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6（.a）<\/td>\n\u274c \u4e0d\u9700\u8981（\u5df2\u590d\u5236\u8fdb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/td>\n\u2705 \u9700\u8981\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6（\u8bc6\u522b\u540d\u5b57）<\/td>\n\u2705 \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \n
      • \u94fe\u63a5\u671f：\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u628a\u300c\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5199\u8fdb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u91cc（\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u9762\u8981\u8bb2\u7684 .dynamic \/ DT_NEEDED）；<\/li>\n
      • \u8fd0\u884c\u671f：\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668 ld.so \u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57，\u53bb\u51e0\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u67e5\u627e .so，\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5c31\u62a5 error while loading shared libraries\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.2 \u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u627e\u5e93\u7684\u56db\u6761\u8def（\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u56db\u5408\u4e00）<\/h4>\n\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u505a\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u2460 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\nLD_LIBRARY_PATH=\/my\/lib<\/td>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528，\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u300c\u5e93\u7684 PATH\u300d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u2461 \u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n\u628a\u5e93\u62f7\u5230 \/lib64\u3001\/usr\/lib \u7b49<\/td>\n\u6b63\u89c4\u505a\u6cd5（\u9700\u8981\u6743\u9650）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u2462 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\/etc\/ld.so.conf + ldconfig<\/td>\n\u672c\u8d28\u4ecd\u662f\u65b9\u5f0f\u2460，\u53ea\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u767b\u8bb0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u2463 \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\n\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u771f\u5b9e\u5e93<\/td>\n\u672c\u8d28\u4ecd\u662f\u65b9\u5f0f\u2460，\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u53ea\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u6761\u7c7b\u6bd4：\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u9760 PATH \u627e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u5219\u9760 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u627e\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u56db\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728，\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a？<\/h3>\n

        \u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u5e72\u8106：\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u5c31\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u5e93，\u6ca1\u6709\u624d\u9000\u56de\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7406\u7531\u662f\u4f53\u79ef\u8d26：\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u529f\u80fd，\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u80fd 8000 \u5b57\u8282\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u7248\u672c 800000 \u5b57\u8282（\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0a\u767e\u500d）\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd，\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab，\u5f53\u7136\u66f4\u5212\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5，\u52a0 -static\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u9759\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u65f6\u673a<\/td>\n\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u5168\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c<\/td>\n\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u8bb0\u540d\u5b57，\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u88c5\u8f7d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f53\u79ef<\/td>\n\u5927（\u542b\u5e93\u4ee3\u7801）<\/td>\n\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981 .so \u5b58\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5185\u5b58\/\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4efd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5404\u5b58\u4e00\u4efd<\/td>\n\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4efd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5347\u7ea7\u5e93<\/td>\n\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u94fe\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n\u6362 .so \u5373\u53ef（\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u7f16）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \n

        \u4e94\u3001\u8d70\u8fdb ELF：\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

        \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u968f\u610f\u5806\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684 01\u300d，\u5b83\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u53eb ELF（Executable and Linkable Format）\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f ELF \u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • .o \u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6；<\/li>\n
        • \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6（a.out）；<\/li>\n
        • \u52a8\u6001\u5e93 .so；<\/li>\n
        • core dump \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\u94fe\u63a5：\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u672c\u8d28，\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u5806 ELF \u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a ELF\u3002<\/p>\n

          5.1 ELF \u7684\u56db\u5927\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/h4>\n\n\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u6bd4<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          ELF Header<\/td>\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784；\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f Entry Point Address（\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740）<\/td>\nreadelf -h<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u7684 Super Block<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Section Header Table<\/td>\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u8282（\u78c1\u76d8\u89c6\u89d2）<\/td>\nreadelf -S<\/td>\n\u76ee\u5f55\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Program Header Table<\/td>\n\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u6bb5（\u5185\u5b58\/\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c6\u89d2）<\/td>\nreadelf -l<\/td>\n\u6bb5\u84dd\u56fe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u672c\u4f53<\/td>\n\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 ELF \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u300d？\u8ddf\u78c1\u76d8\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837：\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u5c31\u9700\u8981 Super Block \u548c GDT；\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282，\u5c31\u9700\u8981 ELF Header \u548c\u4e24\u5f20 Header Table\u3002 \u5148\u63cf\u8ff0，\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5370\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

          5.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8282（Section）<\/h4>\n\n\u8282\u540d\u5185\u5bb9<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          .text<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801（\u53ea\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .rodata<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb\u5e38\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .data<\/td>\n\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .bss<\/td>\n\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf（\u4e0d\u5360\u6587\u4ef6\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53ea\u5360\u5185\u5b58）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .symtab<\/td>\n\u7b26\u53f7\u8868（\u51fd\u6570\/\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .strtab<\/td>\n\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .shstrtab<\/td>\n\u8282\u540d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .debug*<\/td>\n\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          .rela.dyn \/ .plt \/ .init<\/td>\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          5.3 \u8282（Section）vs \u6bb5（Segment）<\/h4>\n

          \u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u533a\u5206：<\/p>\n

          \u8282，\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0 ELF \u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5；\u6bb5，\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5185\u5b58（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4）\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u5957？\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u6bd4\u78c1\u76d8\u73cd\u8d35\u5f97\u591a：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u5185\u5b58（\u548c\u5916\u5b58 IO）\u90fd\u4ee5 4KB \u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d，\u4e00\u6b21\u6362\u5165 4KB；<\/li>\n
          • \u5982\u679c\u6309\u8282\u52a0\u8f7d，.text\u3001.rodata\u3001.data \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8282\u5404\u81ea\u5360\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e2a 4KB，\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u90e8\u788e\u7247\u3001\u6d6a\u8d39\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58；<\/li>\n
          • \u4e8e\u662f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u628a\u300c\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u300d\u7684\u8282\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u5927\u6bb5，\u51d1\u6ee1 4KB \u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d，\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8282（\u78c1\u76d8，\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6） \u2500\u2500\u5408\u5e76\u89c4\u5219（\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u81f4 \/ \u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u81f4）\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u6bb5（\u5185\u5b58，4KB \u5bf9\u9f50）
            \n.text + .rodata \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5（r-x）
            \n.data + .bss \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u6570\u636e\u6bb5（rw-）<\/p>\n

            \u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684：\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u6279\u53ea\u8bfb\u8282\u5408\u5e76\u800c\u6210，\u6743\u9650\u662f\u5408\u5e76\u65f6\u5c31\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 readelf -S \u80fd\u770b\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u8282，\u800c readelf -l \u53ea\u6709\u5be5\u5be5\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u591a\u4e2a\u8282，\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n

            \u516d\u3001\u91cd\u8c08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4：\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u6765\u7684？<\/h3>\n

            6.1 \u5148\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u52a0\u8f7d，\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u5740？<\/h4>\n

            \u6709！\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u4ee3\u7801\u53cd\u6c47\u7f16\u65f6，\u6bcf\u6761 call \u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u51fa\u6765\u7684；<\/li>\n
            • 32 \u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b，\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ece\u5168 0 \u5230\u5168 1（4GB）\u5e73\u5766\u7f16\u5740（\u5e73\u5766\u6a21\u5f0f = 0 + \u504f\u79fb\u91cf，\u9010\u884c\u7f16\u5740）；<\/li>\n
            • \u4f46\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\u624d\u6709：\u6ca1\u52a0\u8f7d \u2192 \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 0（\u7a7a）\u2192 \u4e00\u65e6\u8bbf\u95ee\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u5f02\u5e38，\u518d\u7531\u5185\u6838\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u8f7d\u5165\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u6240\u4ee5：<\/p>\n

              \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b，\u5b83\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

              6.2 Program Header Table：\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u300c\u6bb5\u84dd\u56fe\u300d<\/h4>\n

              \u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f：\u5148\u521b\u5efa PCB\/mm_struct \u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u518d\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u90a3 struct mm_struct（\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4）\u62ff\u4ec0\u4e48\u521d\u59cb\u5316？\u7b54\u6848：<\/p>\n

              \u8bfb ELF Header \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d Program Header Table
              \n \u2193 Program Header Table \u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b49
              \n\u7528\u8fd9\u4efd\u300c\u6bb5\u84dd\u56fe\u300d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 mm_struct
              \n \u2193
              \n\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb（\u6bb5\u4e0e\u6bb5\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u6743\u9650\u5168\u90e8\u5c31\u4f4d）<\/p>\n

              Program Header Table \u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684？\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684：\u5b83\u5728\u751f\u6210 ELF \u65f6，\u5df2\u7ecf\u6309\u300c\u6743\u9650 + \u7c7b\u578b\u300d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u603b\u7ed3\u597d\u4e86\u300c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8282\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u54ea\u4e2a\u6bb5\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5360\u54ea\u4e9b\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u300d，\u4e8e\u662f\u624d\u6709\u4e86 .text \u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u4e00\u5806\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

              6.3 \u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u8bf4\u6e05\u300c\u8c01\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u300d<\/h4>\n\n\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u5728 ELF \u7684\u54ea\u91cc<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/td>\nELF Header<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5165\u53e3（main \u8d77\u59cb\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740）<\/td>\nELF Header \u7684 Entry Point Address<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u672c\u4f53<\/td>\n\u8282（Section） \u91cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u6bb5\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u84dd\u56fe（mm_struct \u7684\u6765\u6e90）<\/td>\nProgram Header Table<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u5e93<\/td>\n.dynamic \u6bb5（\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5199\u5165）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              6.4 CPU \u4ece\u54ea\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c？<\/h4>\n
            • \u5185\u6838\u628a Entry Point Address \u5199\u8fdb PC \/ RIP \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5c31\u662f .text \u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740；<\/li>\n
            • CPU \u6309 RIP \u53d6\u6307\u6267\u884c，call \u628a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u53d6\u6765，rip \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u52a0\u4e0a\u6307\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70，\u538b\u6808\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740；<\/li>\n
            • \u53d6\u5230\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740，\u4ea4\u7ed9\u786c\u4ef6 MMU；<\/li>\n
            • MMU \u901a\u8fc7 CR3 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u627e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9875\u8868，\u628a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740；<\/li>\n
            • 32 \u6839\u5730\u5740\u603b\u7ebf\u8fdb\u53bb\u3001\u51fa\u6765，CPU \u62ff\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u53bb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n

              \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u843d\u5730\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u4e03\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684？<\/h3>\n

              \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u73af：\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u54ea\u91cc？<\/p>\n

              \u52a0\u8f7d\u5230 \u5171\u4eab\u533a（mmap \u533a）\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u533a，\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a libc.so \u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u540c\u6620\u5c04\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u53c8\u53eb \u5171\u4eab\u5e93（Shared Object，.so） \u7684\u539f\u56e0，\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

            • \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5728 ELF \u91cc（Program Header Table）；<\/li>\n
            • \u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8282（Section）\u91cc；<\/li>\n
            • \u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u5728 ELF Header \u91cc；<\/li>\n
            • \u6ca1\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u7a7a，\u8bbf\u95ee\u5373\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38（\u7f3a\u9875），\u5185\u6838\u636e\u6b64\u628a\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u8f7d\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n

              \u987a\u4fbf\u56de\u6263\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf：\u7f3a\u9875\u65f6\u5185\u6838\u8981\u627e\u5230\u300c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5757\u300d，\u8d70\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u7684\u90a3\u6761\u94fe\u2014\u2014\u8def\u5f84\u7f13\u5b58\u62ff inode \u2192 inode \u7684 i_block[] \u7b97\u5757\u53f7 \u2192 \u8bfb\u78c1\u76d8\u3002\u4e24\u5957\u77e5\u8bc6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5408\u6d41\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u516b\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

              .c \u2500\u2500\u7f16\u8bd1\u2500\u2500\u25b6 .o（\u53ef\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6，ELF）
              \n.o \u2500\u2500ar\u2500\u2500\u25b6 .a（\u9759\u6001\u5e93） \u2500\u2500\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u590d\u5236\u8fdb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u65e0\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56，\u4f53\u79ef\u5927
              \n.o \u2500\u2500shared+fPIC\u2500\u2500\u25b6 .so（\u5171\u4eab\u5e93）\u2500\u2500\u94fe\u63a5\u671f\u53ea\u8bb0\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u7531 ld.so \u627e\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\u3001\u53ef\u5171\u4eab
              \n\u4e00\u5806 ELF \u2500\u2500\u94fe\u63a5\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u4e00\u4e2a ELF（\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6）
              \n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \u2500\u2500\u52a0\u8f7d\u2500\u2500\u25b6 \u6309 Program Header Table \u7684\u6bb5\u84dd\u56fe\u5efa mm_struct
              \n \u2192 Entry Point \u5165 RIP \u2192 MMU \u7ffb\u8bd1 \u2192 \u771f\u6b63\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n

              \u56db\u6761\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba：<\/p>\n

            • \u5e93\u662f .o \u7684\u6253\u5305，lib \u524d\u7f00 + \u540e\u7f00\u662f -l \u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u7684\u89c4\u5219；<\/li>\n
            • \u94fe\u63a5\u671f vs \u8fd0\u884c\u671f：\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u94fe\u63a5\u671f，\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u4e24\u671f\u90fd\u8981\u7ba1，\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u9760 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u8fd9\u4e00\u5957；<\/li>\n
            • \u8282\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u3001\u6bb5\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7684，\u5408\u5e76\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u300c\u6743\u9650\u76f8\u540c\u300d，\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u586b\u6ee1 4KB \u9875；<\/li>\n
            • \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u6765\u81ea ELF，\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u8f7d；mm_struct \u662f Program Header Table \u5582\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
              \n

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              \n\u4e3b\u7ebf\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898：
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