{"id":105793,"date":"2026-09-16T06:56:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T22:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/105793.html"},"modified":"2026-09-16T06:56:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T22:56:33","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e4%b8%89%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ad-linux-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8e%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%bb%88%e6%9e%81%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/105793.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u4e09\u5341\u516d.Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec8\u6781\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4ece\u65b0\u624b\u5230\u719f\u7ec3\u8fd0\u7ef4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u73af\u5883：Ubuntu 22.04 + g++（\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7ec8\u7aef，\u975e\u7f16\u9020） \u9002\u5408\u8c01：\u5728 IDE \u91cc\u70b9\u60ef\u4e86\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u4e00\u8fdb\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u53d1\u61f5\u7684 C++ \u521d\u5b66\u8005 \u9605\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f：\u5efa\u8bae\u6536\u85cf\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u7528\u80cc，\u7528\u5230\u65f6\u7ffb\u56de\u6765\u6284\u4e00\u904d，\u6284\u5341\u6b21\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e86<\/p>\n

\u5728 Linux \u4e0b\u505a C++ \u5f00\u53d1，\u8131\u79bb\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5728 Windows \u7684 IDE \u91cc\u70b9\u9f20\u6807\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86，\u4e00\u8fdb\u9ed1\u4e4e\u4e4e\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c31\u53d1\u61f5，\u9047\u5230 mv\u3001cp\u3001rm \u603b\u662f\u5fc3\u60ca\u80c6\u6218，\u6015\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u628a\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5220\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fc3\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u7406\u2014\u2014Linux \u6ca1\u6709"\u56de\u6536\u7ad9"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515c\u5e95（\u684c\u9762\u7248\u6709，\u4f46\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709），\u5220\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u5220\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6307\u5357\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f：\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5b83\u52a8\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u6700\u574f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u624b\u524d\u600e\u4e48\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5bb9\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u3001\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u6700\u540e\u7528"\u628a lesson52 \u642c\u5bb6\u5230 lesson53"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u6848\u4f8b\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5b9e\u6218\u590d\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840：\u4f60\u5728\u54ea？\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/h3>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d，\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b：\u6211\u5728\u54ea，\u8fd9\u513f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u300290% \u7684"\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e8b\u6545"\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6ca1\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5c31\u52a8\u624b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1.1 pwd：\u6211\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u697c？<\/h4>\n

pwd
\n# \u8f93\u51fa：\/home\/ubuntu\/code\/lesson53<\/p>\n

pwd \u662f Print Working Directory（\u6253\u5370\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55）\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5f53\u524d"\u7ad9"\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002Linux \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u4ece \/（\u6839\u76ee\u5f55）\u957f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6811，pwd \u663e\u793a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4ece\u6811\u6839\u8d70\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84，\u4e5f\u53eb\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f：\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u524d\u5148\u6572\u4e00\u4e0b pwd，\u786e\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u7ad9\u9519\u697c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55"\u64a4\u9500\u952e"\u90fd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fdd\u547d\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1.2 ls：\u8fd9\u5c42\u697c\u90fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u623f\u95f4？<\/h4>\n

ls
\n# \u8f93\u51fa：Dict.hpp InetAddr.hpp Log.hpp Makefile Mutex.hpp
\n# UdpClient.cc UdpServer.cc UdpServer.hpp dictionary.txt<\/p>\n

ls \u662f List \u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u5e38\u9a7b"\u642d\u6863"，\u5404\u6709\u5404\u7684\u7528\u5904：<\/p>\n

ls -l：\u770b\u8be6\u60c5（long format）<\/p>\n

ls -l
\ntotal 232
\n-rw-rw-r– 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1989 Sep 13 17:22 Dict.hpp
\n-rwxrwxr-x 1 ubuntu ubuntu 130105 Sep 13 17:23 udpserver<\/p>\n

\u4ee5 udpserver \u8fd9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u62c6\u5f00\u770b：<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7247\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

-rwxrwxr-x<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6743\u9650：\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a – \u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6（\u76ee\u5f55\u662f d），\u540e\u9762 9 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6bcf 3 \u4e2a\u4e00\u7ec4，\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005 \/ \u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237 \/ \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684 r\u8bfb w\u5199 x\u6267\u884c \u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570（\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6570\u91cf）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

ubuntu ubuntu<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

130105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sep 13 17:23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

udpserver<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6ce8\u610f udpserver \u662f -rwxrwxr-x\u2014\u2014\u6709 x（\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4f4d），\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8dd1；\u800c Dict.hpp \u662f -rw-rw-r–，\u6ca1\u6709 x，\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728"\u8fd0\u884c"\u4e00\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a x \u5c31\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684"\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650"，\u7b2c\u4e03\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\u600e\u4e48\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

ls -a：\u8fde\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u8d77\u770b（all）<\/p>\n

Linux \u91cc\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u663e\u793a，\u6bd4\u5982 Git \u4ed3\u5e93\u7684 .git\u3001bash \u7684\u914d\u7f6e .bashrc\u3002\u60f3\u770b\u5168\u5c31\u5f97\u52a0 -a：<\/p>\n

ls -a
\n# . .. .git Dict.hpp Makefile …<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6df7\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684"\u6587\u4ef6"：. \u548c ..\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6，\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5165\u53e3\u2014\u2014. \u4ee3\u8868"\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55"，.. \u4ee3\u8868"\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55"\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9，\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 cd .. \u548c mv ..\/xx \u5c31\u90fd\u901a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u5e26\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u56f0\u60d1：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 ls -a \u91cc .git \u80fd\u770b\u5230，\u4f46 ls \u770b\u4e0d\u5230？\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a"\u70b9\u5f00\u5934 = \u9690\u85cf"\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u77e9\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230 .gitignore\u3001.vscode \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6，\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u5e94\u8be5\u662f"\u6211\u5fd8\u4e86\u52a0 -a"\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

ls -lh：\u4eba\u8bdd\u7248\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f（human-readable）<\/p>\n

-l \u663e\u793a\u7684 130105 \u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d，\u52a0\u4e0a -h：<\/p>\n

ls -lh
\n-rw-rw-r– 1 ubuntu ubuntu 2.0K Sep 13 17:22 Dict.hpp
\n-rwxrwxr-x 1 ubuntu ubuntu 127K Sep 13 17:23 udpserver<\/p>\n

127K \u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u61c2\u3002\u6392\u67e5"\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u78c1\u76d8\u5403\u6ee1\u4e86"\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u65f6，ls -lh \u914d\u5408 du -sh *（\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5360\u591a\u5927）\u662f\u6807\u914d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -lt：\u6309\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f，\u6700\u65b0\u6539\u7684\u6392\u6700\u524d\u3002\u627e"\u6211\u521a\u624d\u5230\u5e95\u6539\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6"\u7279\u522b\u597d\u7528\u3002-l \u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53e0：ls -lht\u3001ls -lha \u90fd\u5408\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4：cd \u4e0e\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n

2.1 cd \u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u59ff\u52bf<\/h4>\n

cd lesson53 # \u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 lesson53（\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84）
\ncd .. # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7
\ncd ~ # \u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55（\/home\/ubuntu），\u5149\u6572 cd \u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837
\ncd – # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

cd – \u503c\u5f97\u591a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5：\u5b83\u50cf"\u4e0a\u4e00\u66f2"\u6309\u94ae，\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\u65f6\u662f\u795e\u5668\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5728 \/home\/ubuntu\/code \u7f16\u8bd1，\u7a81\u7136\u8981\u53bb \/var\/log \u770b\u65e5\u5fd7，\u770b\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a cd – \u5c31\u56de\u6765\u4e86，\u4e0d\u7528\u628a\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u518d\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

2.2 \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84 vs \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7ed5\u6655\u3001\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u61c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84：\u4ee5 \/ \u5f00\u5934，\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 \/home\/ubuntu\/code\/lesson53\u3002\u5b83\u50cf"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533axx\u8defxx\u53f7"，\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u5bc4\u4fe1\u90fd\u80fd\u9001\u8fbe，\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84：\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 cd lesson53\u3001cd ..\/lesson52\u3002\u5b83\u50cf"\u9694\u58c1\u90a3\u680b\u697c"，\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u62c6\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \/home\/ubuntu\/code\/lesson53
    \n\u2514\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2518\u2514\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2518\u2514\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2518\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518
    \n \/ \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55 code lesson53<\/p>\n

    \u51e0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u62f3：<\/p>\n

    cd .. # \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7
    \ncd ..\/.. # \u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7
    \ncd ..\/lesson52 # \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u91cc\u7684 lesson52（\u5148\u51fa\u95e8，\u518d\u8fdb\u9694\u58c1）
    \ncd ~\/code # \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 code（~ \u662f\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u7b49\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7b80\u5199）<\/p>\n

    Tab \u952e\u662f cd \u7684\u6700\u4f73\u62cd\u6863\u3002\u8f93\u5165 cd les \u7136\u540e\u6309 Tab，bash \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u6210 cd lesson53；\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u65f6\u6309\u4e24\u6b21 Tab \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u518d\u957f\u4e5f\u6572\u4e09\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a Tab，\u8fd9\u65e2\u662f\u63d0\u901f，\u66f4\u662f\u9632\u9519\u2014\u2014\u624b\u6572\u7684\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u62fc\u9519\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u662f No such file or directory\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    2.3 \u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n

    \u628a\u76ee\u5f55\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u697c\u5c42，\u628a cd \u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u8d70\u8def：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      pwd \u662f\u95ee"\u6211\u5728\u51e0\u697c"；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      ls \u662f\u770b"\u8fd9\u5c42\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u623f\u95f4"；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      cd \u662f"\u8d70\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c（rm\u3001mv\u3001cp）\u90fd\u662f\u5728"\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u7ad9\u7acb\u7684\u697c\u5c42"\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u8d70\u9519\u697c\u5c42\u518d\u52a8\u624b，\u662f\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u6765\u6e90\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u517b\u6210\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6：pwd \u2192 ls \u786e\u8ba4 \u2192 \u518d\u52a8\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u5220\u9664：\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9a76\u5f97\u4e07\u5e74\u8239<\/h3>\n

      \u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u91cd\u707e\u533a，\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6211\u90fd\u4f1a\u6807\u4e0a\u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

      3.1 \u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n

      touch \u6587\u4ef6\u540d：\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

      touch test.cpp # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a 0 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7a7a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728，touch \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b83，\u53ea\u66f4\u65b0"\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4"\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 touch \u662f\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u547d\u4ee4，\u653e\u5fc3\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

      mkdir \u76ee\u5f55\u540d：\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

      mkdir build # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb build \u7684\u76ee\u5f55（\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ea7\u7269\u5e38\u653e\u8fd9\u91cc）<\/p>\n

      mkdir -p a\/b\/c：\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

      \u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb，\u4e00\u8def\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u597d\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528：<\/p>\n

      mkdir -p myproject\/{src,include,build} # \u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5efa\u51fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

      \u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00 {a,b,c} \u662f bash \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6，\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9876\u4e09\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      3.2 \u5220\u9664<\/h4>\n

      rm \u6587\u4ef6\u540d # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6，\u5220\u9664\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u56de，Linux \u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6536\u7ad9
      \nrm -r \u76ee\u5f55\u540d # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9（r = recursive）
      \nrm -rf \u76ee\u5f55\u540d # \u9012\u5f52 + \u5f3a\u5236：\u4e0d\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u62a5\u9519\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505c，\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u5149<\/p>\n

      \u5371\u9669\u7b49\u7ea7\u9010\u6761\u770b：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        rm test.cpp：\u5220\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u65b0\u624b\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u901a\u5e38\u662f"\u5b83\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u95ee\u6211\u4e00\u58f0\u5c31\u5220\u4e86"\u2014\u2014\u5bf9，Linux \u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f"\u4f60\u8ba9\u5b83\u505a\u5b83\u5c31\u505a"，\u6c89\u9ed8\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u529f\u3002\u771f\u60f3\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u786e\u8ba4，\u7528 rm -i \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        rm -r build：\u5220\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002-r \u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684，\u4e0d\u5e26\u5b83\u5220\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 cannot remove 'build': Is a directory\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u9519\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        rm -rf：Linux \u516c\u8ba4\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002-f（force）\u628a\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u9053\u4fdd\u9669\u90fd\u62c6\u4e86：\u4e0d\u63d0\u793a，\u751a\u81f3\u4f60\u6253\u9519\u5b57\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u558a\u505c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8840\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u7ea7\u522b\u8b66\u544a：\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u4e0b\u6267\u884c rm -rf *，\u4e5f\u522b\u624b\u6ed1\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u8d4b\u503c\u5c31 rm -rf $dir\/ *\u2014\u2014$dir \u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210"\u5220\u9664\u6839\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f"\u3002\u9664\u975e\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u786e\u5b9a，\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0 -f\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e09\u6761\u4fdd\u547d\u5efa\u8bae：<\/p>\n

      • \n

        \u5220\u4e4b\u524d\u5148 ls \u770b\u4e00\u773c\u8981\u5220\u7684\u4e1c\u897f，\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9d\u8d1d；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5220\u4e4b\u524d pwd \u786e\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea，\u522b\u5728 \/ \u6216\u8005\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u5e72\u5927\u4e8b；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5220\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6，\u5148 rm -ri \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u9010\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u592a\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u8bdd，\u81f3\u5c11\u770b\u4e00\u773c ls \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u518d\u4e0b\u5200\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        \u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1：rmdir \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55，\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u5b83\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u53ea\u60f3\u6e05\u7406\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6，\u7528\u5b83\u6bd4 rm -r \u5b89\u5168\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u56db\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u590d\u5236：\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u827a\u672f<\/h3>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u7ffb\u8f66\u53c8\u6551\u56de\u6765\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u5148\u8bb2\u547d\u4ee4，\u7b2c\u516b\u8282\u590d\u76d8\u5b8c\u6574\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

        4.1 mv：\u65e2\u662f"\u526a\u5207"\u4e5f\u662f"\u6539\u540d"<\/h4>\n

        mv（move）\u4e00\u8eab\u517c\u4e24\u804c，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48：<\/p>\n

        # \u7528\u6cd5\u4e00：\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u522b\u7684\u76ee\u5f55
        \nmv a.cpp ..\/ # \u628a a.cpp \u526a\u5207\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55
        \nmv a.cpp build\/ # \u526a\u5207\u5230 build \u76ee\u5f55\u91cc（\u6ce8\u610f\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684 \/）<\/p>\n

        # \u7528\u6cd5\u4e8c：\u91cd\u547d\u540d（\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u8fd8\u662f\u539f\u5730，\u53ea\u662f\u6362\u540d\u5b57）
        \nmv old.cpp new.cpp # old.cpp \u6539\u540d\u4e3a new.cpp
        \nmv lesson52 lesson53 # \u628a\u76ee\u5f55 lesson52 \u6574\u4f53\u6539\u540d\u4e3a lesson53<\/p>\n

        \u7406\u89e3 mv \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91："\u76ee\u6807"\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u540d，"\u76ee\u6807"\u662f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u642c\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u5751：\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u91cc\u4f60\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5199\u6210 mv a.cpp \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55，a.cpp \u4f1a\u8dd1\u8fdb\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc；\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u62fc\u9519\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd（\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728），mv \u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519，\u800c\u662f\u628a a.cpp \u6539\u540d\u6210\u90a3\u4e2a\u62fc\u9519\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u4e22，\u4f46"\u6d88\u5931"\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u53bb ls \u627e\u627e\u90a3\u4e2a\u62fc\u9519\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751：mv a.cpp dir \u548c mv a.cpp dir\/ \u6548\u679c\u4e00\u6837\u5417？\u5f53 dir \u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4e00\u6837；\u5f53 dir \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6，\u524d\u8005\u628a a.cpp \u6539\u540d\u4e3a dir，\u540e\u8005\u660e\u786e\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5e26\u4e0a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684 \/，\u80fd\u8ba9\u9519\u8bef\u65e9\u70b9\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6279\u91cf\u642c\u8fd0：\u901a\u914d\u7b26 *<\/p>\n

        mv ..\/lesson52\/* . # \u628a\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7 lesson52 \u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9，\u642c\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

        * \u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26，\u4ee3\u8868"\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f"\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          * \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002mv dir\/* . \u642c\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e，ls dir -a \u91cc\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u8eba\u7740 .git\u3001.gitignore \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9690\u5f62\u4f4f\u6237\u3002\u60f3\u5168\u642c\u8d70：mv dir\/* dir\/.* .，\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u8106 mv dir\/* . && mv dir\/.[!.]* .（\u628a .git \u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e5f\u642c\u8d70）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u901a\u914d\u7b26\u662f bash \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5c55\u5f00\u7684，\u6240\u4ee5 rm dir\/* \u4f1a\u5148\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u518d\u5220\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u5371\u9669\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5c55\u5f00\u51fa\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u4e8b\u5148\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n

          4.2 cp：\u590d\u5236，\u539f\u4ef6\u8fd8\u5728<\/h4>\n

          cp a.cpp b.cpp # \u590d\u5236 a.cpp \u4e00\u4efd，\u547d\u540d\u4e3a b.cpp
          \ncp a.cpp ..\/ # \u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7（\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u53d8）
          \ncp -r lesson52 lesson53 # \u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55（r \u540c\u6837\u662f recursive）<\/p>\n

          mv \u4e0e cp \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b：mv \u662f\u526a\u5207，\u539f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6d88\u5931；cp \u662f\u590d\u5370，\u539f\u5730\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5404\u4e00\u4efd\u3002\u62ff\u4e0d\u51c6\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u7528 cp \u6c38\u8fdc\u6bd4 mv \u5b89\u5168\u2014\u2014\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u4e00\u4efd\u518d\u5220\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u9636\u53c2\u6570：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            cp -i：\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u5148\u95ee\u4f60\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u8986\u76d6（\u9632\u624b\u6ed1\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u7801）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            cp -a：\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u8fde\u540c\u6743\u9650\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u4fdd\u7559（archive），\u5907\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u62f7\u8d1d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7528\u5b83，\u4e0d\u7136\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u5168\u53d8\u6210"\u73b0\u5728"，\u4ee5\u540e\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u4e00\u5934\u96fe\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u6ce8\u610f：\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0 -r，\u4e0d\u52a0\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 omitting directory 'lesson52'\u2014\u2014cp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u642c\u6587\u4ef6，\u9047\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7，\u52a0 -r \u5b83\u624d\u80af\u8fdb\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n

            \u4e94\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9：\u770b\u900f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6<\/h3>\n

            5.1 \u6309\u573a\u666f\u9009\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n

            cat dictionary.txt # \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5168\u90e8\u8f93\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6
            \nless UdpServer.hpp # \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u2014\u2014\u9002\u5408\u5927\u6587\u4ef6
            \nhead -n 20 dictionary.txt # \u53ea\u770b\u524d 20 \u884c
            \ntail -n 50 server.log # \u53ea\u770b\u540e 50 \u884c<\/p>\n

            \u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

            cat（concatenate）：\u9002\u5408\u51e0 KB \u7684\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6，\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c4f\u5c31\u53ea\u89c1\u7ed3\u5c3e，\u524d\u9762\u7684"\u5237"\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u3002cat -n \u80fd\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u8f93\u51fa，\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n

            less：\u770b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b63\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58，\u6309\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u2191\/\u2193 \u6216 j\/k：\u9010\u884c\u6eda\u52a8；\u7a7a\u683c \u6216 f：\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875；b：\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \/\u5173\u952e\u5b57：\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22（\u6309 n \u8df3\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a），?\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u5411\u4e0a\u641c；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              g \u8df3\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5934，G \u8df3\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              q \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u770b\u51e0\u5343\u884c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7ffb\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u957f\u4ee3\u7801，\u4e00\u5f8b less，\u522b\u7528 cat \u5237\u5c4f\u3002<\/p>\n

              head \/ tail：\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u5934\u6216\u5c3e\u65f6\u7528\u3002\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7\u51e0\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f tail\u2014\u2014\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n

              tail -f（follow）：\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ffd\u8e2a，\u8fd0\u7ef4\u770b\u5bb6\u672c\u9886<\/p>\n

              tail -f server.log<\/p>\n

              \u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa，\u800c\u662f"\u9489"\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e，\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u628a\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6，\u518d\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef tail -f，\u7b49\u4e8e\u767d\u5ad6\u4e00\u5757\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5c4f\u3002\u6309 Ctrl+C \u9000\u51fa\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              5.2 grep：\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5927\u6d77\u635e\u9488<\/h4>\n

              grep "error" server.log # \u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b error \u7684\u884c
              \ngrep -n "bind" UdpServer.hpp # -n \u987a\u5e26\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7
              \ngrep -i "Error" server.log # -i \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199
              \ngrep -v "DEBUG" server.log # -v \u53cd\u5411：\u6392\u9664\u542b DEBUG \u7684\u884c
              \ngrep -r "TODO" ~\/code # -r \u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

              \u771f\u5b9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u4e86 \u2192 tail -n 100 server.log | grep -i error，\u4e24\u79d2\u949f\u9501\u5b9a\u5acc\u7591\u884c\u3002|（\u7ba1\u9053）\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa，\u5f53\u6210\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165"，\u5b83\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u50cf\u79ef\u6728\u4e00\u6837\u81ea\u7531\u62fc\u88c5：<\/p>\n

              \n

              grep "\u82f9\u679c" dictionary.txt | wc -l # \u8bcd\u5178\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u6761\u542b"\u82f9\u679c"\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55
              \nps aux | grep udpserver # \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u627e udpserver
              \nhistory | grep "rm " # \u67e5\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6572\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b rm（\u540e\u6015\u68c0\u6d4b）<\/p>\n

              wc -l（word count – lines）\u6570\u884c\u6570，ps aux \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6761 ps aux | grep xxx \u662f\u67e5"\u6211\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u5e95\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709"\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u59ff\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n

              5.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u9891\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n

              file udpserver # \u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u771f\u5b9e\u7c7b\u578b："ELF 64-bit LSB executable"（\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6）
              \ndu -sh lesson53\/ # \u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u603b\u5171\u5360\u591a\u5927（-s \u6c47\u603b -h \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb）
              \ndiff a.cpp b.cpp # \u9010\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

              \n

              \u516d\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0e\u6267\u884c：C++ \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n

              6.1 g++ \u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n

              g++ UdpServer.cc -o udpserver
              \n.\/udpserver 8080<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                -o udpserver \u6307\u5b9a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0 -o \u7684\u8bdd，g++ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u628a\u4ea7\u7269\u547d\u540d\u4e3a a.out\u2014\u2014\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c31\u4e92\u76f8\u8986\u76d6\u4e86，\u6240\u4ee5 -o \u8bf7\u6c38\u8fdc\u5e26\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u5b8c\u6574\u5f00\u53d1\u7248\u53c2\u6570：g++ -std=c++17 -pthread -g -Wall UdpServer.cc -o udpserver<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  -std=c++17：\u542f\u7528 C++17（\u7528\u4e86 std::filesystem \u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  -pthread：\u94fe\u63a5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93（\u7528\u4e86 mutex \u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0）；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  -g：\u52a0\u5165\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f，gdb \u8c03\u8bd5\u5fc5\u9700；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  -Wall：\u6253\u5f00\u5168\u90e8\u5e38\u7528\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5e38\u5f00，\u5f88\u591a"\u80fd\u8dd1\u4f46\u57cb\u96f7"\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u8b66\u544a\u65e9\u5c31\u63d0\u9192\u8fc7\u4f60\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \n

                  6.2 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd0\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26 .\/？<\/h4>\n

                  \u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u8e29：\u660e\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u5728\u773c\u524d，\u6572 udpserver \u5374\u63d0\u793a command not found\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u539f\u56e0：shell \u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u88f8\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6，\u53ea\u4f1a\u53bb\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PATH \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55（\/usr\/bin \u7b49）\u91cc\u627e\u3002\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5728 PATH \u91cc，\u8fd9\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\u2014\u2014\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210 ls \u7684\u6076\u610f\u811a\u672c\u9a97\u4f60\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u6240\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5199\u51fa\u8def\u5f84：.\/udpserver，\u544a\u8bc9 shell"\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a"\u3002\u540c\u7406，\/home\/ubuntu\/code\/lesson53\/udpserver 8080 \u8fd9\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u8dd1\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  6.3 make：\u8ba9 Makefile \u66ff\u4f60\u6572\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n

                  make # \u6309 Makefile \u91cc\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u9879\u76ee
                  \nmake clean # \u6267\u884c clean \u89c4\u5219，\u5220\u9664\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ea7\u7269
                  \nmake clean && make # \u6e05\u7406\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1：\u9047\u5230\u5947\u602a\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u7684"\u91cd\u542f\u5927\u6cd5"<\/p>\n

                  && \u8868\u793a\u524d\u4e00\u6761\u6210\u529f\u624d\u6267\u884c\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u6211\u771f\u5b9e\u8e29\u8fc7\u7684\u5751，\u503c\u5f97\u5199\u8fdb\u8b66\u793a\u5f55：Makefile \u91cc\u5199\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u6572 make \u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u7684 Makefile \u53ea\u5199\u4e86 clean \u89c4\u5219\u6ca1\u5199\u7f16\u8bd1\u89c4\u5219，\u7ed3\u679c\u6572 make \u60f3\u7f16\u8bd1，\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f rm -f udpclient udpserver\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u7f16\u8bd1，\u8fd8\u628a\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5220\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6ee1\u8111\u5b50\u95ee\u53f7"\u7a0b\u5e8f\u600e\u4e48\u51ed\u7a7a\u6d88\u5931\u4e86"，\u5bf9\u7740 ls \u6123\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u4e24\u6761\u94c1\u5f8b：<\/p>\n

                • \n

                  all \u76ee\u6807\u6c38\u8fdc\u653e Makefile \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c；<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u6539\u4e86 .hpp \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u540e，\u76f4\u63a5 make \u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u793a Nothing to be done\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a Makefile \u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ea\u5199\u4e86 .cc，make \u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u8001\u5b9e\u7528 make clean && make，\u7b49\u4ee5\u540e\u5b66\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u518d\u8fdb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  \n

                  6.4 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6551\u547d\u4e09\u952e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                  \u6309\u952e<\/p>\n

                  \u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n

                  \u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n\n\n
                  \n

                  Ctrl + C<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u53d1 SIGINT \u4fe1\u53f7，\u7ec8\u6b62\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5361\u6b7b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  Ctrl + D<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f（EOF）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u4ea4\u4e92\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5230\u5b83\u5c31\u77e5\u9053"\u6ca1\u8bdd\u8bf4\u4e86"<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  Ctrl + Z<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b（\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u675f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u914d\u5408 bg \u653e\u540e\u53f0\u3001fg \u8c03\u56de\u524d\u53f0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u533a\u5206 Ctrl+C \u548c Ctrl+D \u5f88\u91cd\u8981：\u524d\u8005\u662f"\u6740\u4e86\u5b83"，\u540e\u8005\u662f"\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86"\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5199 UDP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65f6\u8e29\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751：\u6ca1\u68c0\u67e5 Ctrl+D（EOF）\u65f6 getline \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af，\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5237\u51fa\u51e0\u5341 MB \u5783\u573e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u952e，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u7684，\u522b\u88f8\u5954\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  6.5 \u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406（\u8fd0\u7ef4\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6）<\/h4>\n

                  .\/udpserver 8080 & # & \u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u8dd1，\u7ec8\u7aef\u7acb\u523b\u7a7a\u51fa\u6765
                  \njobs # \u770b\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1
                  \nkill %1 # \u7ed3\u675f 1 \u53f7\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1
                  \npkill udpserver # \u6309\u540d\u5b57\u7ed3\u675f\u6240\u6709\u53eb udpserver \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b
                  \nss -ulnp | grep 8080 # \u67e5 8080 \u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7740<\/p>\n

                  ss -ulnp | grep \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 \u662f\u6392\u67e5 bind error \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u52a8\u4f5c：\u8f93\u51fa\u91cc pid=xxx \u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5360\u7528\u8005\u662f\u8c01，kill xxx \u91ca\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u7684"\u5360\u7528\u4e0e\u53cd\u5360\u7528"，\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5199\u7f51\u7edc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u8fdf\u65e9\u90fd\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  \u4e03\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u73af\u5883：\u4ece"\u80fd\u7528"\u5230"\u987a\u624b"<\/h3>\n

                  7.1 chmod：\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684<\/h4>\n

                  \u56de\u770b\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282 ls -l \u91cc\u90a3\u4e32 rwxrwxr-x\u3002\u6539\u5b83\u7528 chmod：<\/p>\n

                  chmod +x build.sh # \u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（\u6700\u5e38\u7528）
                  \nchmod 755 udpserver # \u6570\u5b57\u6cd5：\u6240\u6709\u8005 rwx(7)，\u7ec4 r-x(5)，\u5176\u4ed6 r-x(5)
                  \nchmod 644 config.txt # \u6240\u6709\u8005 rw(6)，\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6 r(4)：\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

                  \u6570\u5b57\u6cd5\u7684\u6362\u7b97\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u601d\u7ef4：r=4, w=2, x=1，\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u76f8\u52a0\u30027=4+2+1=rwx，6=4+2=rw，5=4+1=r-x\u3002\u5199\u811a\u672c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u521a\u5199\u5b8c\u7684 xxx.sh \u6572\u4e0b\u53bb\u63d0\u793a Permission denied\u2014\u2014chmod +x \u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  7.2 sudo：\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u505a\u4e8b<\/h4>\n

                  sudo apt install g++ # \u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

                  sudo（superuser do）\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e34\u65f6\u501f root \u7684\u6743\u9650\u5e72\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u539f\u5219：\u80fd\u4e0d\u7528\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u8dd1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5728\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210，\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 sudo；\u9700\u8981 sudo \u7684\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u662f\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u3002sudo \u63a5\u7ba1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u6094\u836f，\u6743\u9650\u8d8a\u5927，\u624b\u6ed1\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  7.3 \u6548\u7387\u4e09\u4ef6\u5957<\/h4>\n

                  clear # \u6e05\u5c4f（\u5feb\u6377\u952e Ctrl+L，\u66f4\u5feb）
                  \nhistory # \u5217\u51fa\u6572\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4（\u5e26\u7f16\u53f7）
                  \n!\u7f16\u53f7 # \u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c history \u91cc\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4
                  \nalias ll='ls -lha' # \u7ed9\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u8d77\u77ed\u540d（\u5199\u8fdb ~\/.bashrc \u5c31\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548）<\/p>\n

                  history \u9664\u4e86\u7ffb\u65e7\u8d26，\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u4ef7\u503c：\u65b0\u63a5\u624b\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6216\u5fd8\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u600e\u4e48\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684，\u7ffb history \u6bd4\u7ffb\u804a\u5929\u8bb0\u5f55\u9760\u8c31\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  7.4 \u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5：\u522b\u80cc，\u4f1a\u67e5\u5c31\u884c<\/h4>\n

                  man rm # \u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c（q \u9000\u51fa）
                  \nrm –help # \u5feb\u901f\u7248\u5e2e\u52a9
                  \nwhich ls # \u770b ls \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6（\/usr\/bin\/ls）<\/p>\n

                  \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6c38\u8fdc\u8bb0\u4e0d\u5168，\u4f1a\u67e5\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u9ad8\u624b\u3002man \u9875\u91cc \u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0(\u6570\u5b57) \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6709\u8bb2\u7a76：1 \u662f\u666e\u901a\u547d\u4ee4，2 \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，3 \u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u2014\u2014man 2 bind \u67e5\u7684\u662f socket \u7684 bind，man 3 printf \u67e5\u7684\u662f C \u51fd\u6570，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5199\u7f51\u7edc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u67e5 socket\u3001recvfrom \u6587\u6863\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  \u516b\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u590d\u76d8：\u4ece lesson52 \u5230 lesson53 \u7684\u6b63\u786e\u59ff\u52bf<\/h3>\n

                  \u7406\u8bba\u8bb2\u5b8c，\u590d\u76d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6848\u4f8b：\u628a lesson52 \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u8fc1\u79fb，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee lesson53 \u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

                  8.1 \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303<\/h4>\n

                  \u4eba\u7ad9\u5728 lesson53 \u91cc，\u6572：<\/p>\n

                  mv lesson52 lesson53
                  \n# mv: cannot stat 'lesson52': No such file or directory<\/p>\n

                  \u62a5\u9519\u539f\u56e0：lesson52 \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55，\u800c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7 code\/ \u91cc\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b97\u7684\u2014\u2014"\u9694\u58c1\u90a3\u680b\u697c"\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u6709\u6548\u3002ls \u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709 lesson52 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  8.2 \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5（\u4e09\u79cd，\u6309\u573a\u666f\u9009）<\/h4>\n

                  \u505a\u6cd5\u4e00：\u7ad9\u5728 lesson53 \u91cc，\u642c\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u6765（\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u7684）<\/p>\n

                  pwd # \/home\/ubuntu\/code\/lesson53
                  \nmv ..\/lesson52\/* .<\/p>\n

                  ..\/lesson52\/* \u662f"\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684 lesson52 \u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709（\u975e\u9690\u85cf）\u6587\u4ef6"，. \u662f"\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55"\u3002\u642c\u5b8c ls \u9a8c\u6536，\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u5230\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u505a\u6cd5\u4e8c：\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7，\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u540d\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c lesson53 \u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

                  cd ..
                  \nmv lesson52 lesson53 # \u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6539\u540d，\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d<\/p>\n

                  \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u8282：mv \u6539\u540d\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u5c31\u662f\u7eaf\u6539\u540d；\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728（\u6bd4\u5982 lesson53 \u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86），mv \u4f1a\u628a lesson52 \u6574\u4e2a\u585e\u8fdb lesson53 \u91cc\u9762\u53bb（\u53d8\u6210 lesson53\/lesson52）\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6539\u540d\u524d\u5148 ls \u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u540d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u505a\u6cd5\u4e09：\u53ea\u60f3\u590d\u5236\u4e0d\u60f3\u642c\u5bb6<\/p>\n

                  cd ~\/code
                  \ncp -r lesson52 lesson53 # \u539f\u76ee\u5f55\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8，\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n

                  lesson52 \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u56de\u770b，\u7528 cp -r \u6700\u7a33\u59a5，\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u591a\u5360\u4e00\u4efd\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  8.3 \u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u600e\u4e48\u9009<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                  \u573a\u666f<\/p>\n

                  \u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n\n\n
                  \n

                  \u65e7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981，\u5f7b\u5e95\u642c\u5bb6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  cd .. && mv lesson52 lesson53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  \u65b0\u65e7\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u8981\u4fdd\u7559（\u6bd4\u5982 lesson52 \u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u8bfe\u7684\u4e1c\u897f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  cp -r<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  \u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728，\u53ea\u60f3\u628a\u65e7\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u642c\u8fdb\u53bb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u7ad9\u5728\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc mv ..\/\u65e7\u76ee\u5f55\/* .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \n

                  8.4 \u4e8b\u540e\u9a8c\u6536\u6e05\u5355<\/h4>\n

                  \u642c\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u6572\u5b8c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86，\u56db\u6b65\u9a8c\u6536：<\/p>\n

                  ls # 1. \u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5230\u4e86\u5417？\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u5417？
                  \nls ..\/lesson52 -a # 2. \u65e7\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd8\u5269\u4ec0\u4e48？\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6（.git \u7b49）\u642c\u4e86\u5417？
                  \nmake clean && make # 3. \u8fd8\u80fd\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7\u5417？（\u80fd\u7f16\u8fc7 = \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u7f3a）
                  \n.\/udpserver 8080 # 4. \u8fd8\u80fd\u8dd1\u5417？<\/p>\n

                  \u7b2c 2 \u6b65\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565：mv dir\/* . \u4e0d\u4f1a\u642c .git\u3001.gitignore \u8fd9\u7c7b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6，\u9879\u76ee"\u642c\u5bb6\u4e0d\u642c\u5386\u53f2"\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  \u4e5d\u3001\u7ffb\u8f66\u73b0\u573a\u6025\u6551\u8868<\/h3>\n

                  \u628a\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u7684"\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u62a5\u9519 \u2192 \u539f\u56e0 \u2192 \u89e3\u6cd5"\u6c47\u603b\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u8868：<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u62a5\u9519\/\u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n

                  \u6839\u56e0<\/p>\n

                  \u89e3\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  \n

                  No such file or directory<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u8def\u5f84\u62fc\u9519 \/ \u4eba\u7ad9\u9519\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  pwd + ls \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  Permission denied（\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u6ca1\u6709 x \u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  chmod +x \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  Permission denied（\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  sudo（\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u518d\u7528）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  Is a directory（rm \u62a5\u9519）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u5220\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u9012\u5f52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  rm -r \u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  omitting directory（cp \u62a5\u9519）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u9012\u5f52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  cp -r \u6e90\u76ee\u5f55 \u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  command not found（\u672c\u5730\u7a0b\u5e8f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u5c11\u4e86 .\/ \u524d\u7f00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  .\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  \u6572 make \u53cd\u800c\u5220\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  Makefile \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f clean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  all \u653e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c，\u518d make<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  \u6539\u4e86 hpp \u7f16\u8bd1\u6ca1\u751f\u6548<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  make \u4e0d\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  make clean && make<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  bind error<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u5360<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  ss -ulnp | grep \u7aef\u53e3 \u2192 kill pid<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  mv \u540e\u6587\u4ef6"\u6d88\u5931"<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u76ee\u6807\u540d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，mv \u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6539\u540d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  \u53bb ls \u627e\u62fc\u9519\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u5b57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                  \n

                  \u642c\u5bb6\u540e .git \u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  * \u4e0d\u542b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                  		\n

                  mv dir\/.[!.]* \u76ee\u6807\/<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \n

                  \u5341\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31：\u628a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec7\u6210\u7f51<\/h3>\n

                  \u6700\u540e\u628a\u8fd9\u4efd\u6307\u5357\u6536\u62e2\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u7f51\u3002\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u5b9e\u5206\u6210\u4e94\u7c7b，\u6bcf\u7c7b\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a"\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269"\u5c31\u591f\u4e86：<\/p>\n

                  Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c
                  \n \u2502
                  \n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510
                  \n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
                  \n \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bfc\u822a \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9 \u521b\u5efa\u5220\u9664 \u642c\u8fd0\u590d\u5236 \u7f16\u8bd1\u6267\u884c \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406
                  \n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502
                  \n pwd \u6211\u5728\u54ea cat \u6574\u4f53\u770b touch \u5efa\u6587\u4ef6 mv \u526a\u5207\/\u6539\u540d g++ \u7f16\u8bd1 chmod \u52a0\u6743\u9650
                  \n ls \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48 less \u5206\u9875\u770b mkdir \u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 cp \u590d\u5236 make \u5de5\u7a0b sudo \u501f\u6743\u9650
                  \n cd \u53bb\u54ea\u91cc head\/tail mkdir -p \u9012\u5f52 cp -r \u9012\u5f52 .\/ \u8fd0\u884c \u6570\u5b57\u6cd5 421
                  \n . \u5f53\u524d tail -f \u8ffd\u65e5\u5fd7 rm -r\/-f \u901a\u914d\u7b26 * Ctrl+C \u6740
                  \n .. \u4e0a\u7ea7 grep \u641c\u7d22 (\u5371\u9669!) (\u4e0d\u542b\u9690\u85cf) Ctrl+D EOF
                  \n \u2502 \u2502
                  \n \u2514\u2500\u2500 \u7ba1\u9053 | \u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e32\u8d77\u6765：tail -f log | grep error<\/p>\n

                  \u51e0\u6761\u538b\u7bb1\u5e95\u7684\u539f\u5219，\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u503c\u94b1：<\/p>\n

                • \n

                  \u52a8\u624b\u4e09\u8fde：pwd（\u6211\u5728\u54ea）\u2192 ls（\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48）\u2192 \u518d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e94\u79d2\u949f，\u4fdd\u5e73\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  mv \u4e0e cp \u4e4b\u95f4\u72b9\u8c6b\u65f6，\u9009 cp\u3002\u591a\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u788d\u4e8b，\u5c11\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8981\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  rm -f \u662f\u624b\u96f7，\u62d4\u4e86\u4fdd\u9669（-f）\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u5934\u8def；\u80fd\u7528 rm -r \u5c31\u522b\u52a0 f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u3002No such file or directory\u3001Is a directory\u3001Permission denied \u6bcf\u4e00\u53e5\u90fd\u5728\u51c6\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u54ea\u91cc\u4e0d\u5bf9，\u8bfb\u62a5\u9519\u6bd4\u778e\u731c\u5feb\u5341\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  man \u548c –help \u662f\u7ec8\u6781\u6587\u6863\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u80cc\u4e0d\u5b8c，\u4f1a\u67e5\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  \u522b\u6015\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd9\u4e1c\u897f，\u6572\u9519\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u6b21，\u6572\u591a\u4e86\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u795d\u4f60\u7684 UDP \u9879\u76ee\u65e9\u65e5\u8dd1\u901a，\u4e5f\u795d\u4f60\u5728 lesson53 \u4e00\u8def\u987a\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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