{"id":105374,"date":"2026-09-15T10:56:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T02:56:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/105374.html"},"modified":"2026-09-15T10:56:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T02:56:23","slug":"c%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/105374.html","title":{"rendered":"c++\u5165\u95e8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u524d\u8a00：<\/h3>\n

C++\u517c\u5bb9C\u8bed\u2f94\u7edd\u2f24\u591a\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5，\u6240\u4ee5C\u8bed\u2f94\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684hello world\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u2f8f，C++\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b9a\u4e49\u2f42\u4ef6 \u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7f00\u6539\u4e3a.cpp，vs\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u5230\u662f.cpp\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u2f64C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00：\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4（namespace）<\/span><\/h3>\n

1.\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5728C\/C++\u4e2d，\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u540e\u2faf\u8981\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u2f24\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c06\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u2f64\u57df\u4e2d，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f88\u591a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f7f\u2f64\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u2f6c\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u2f8f\u672c\u5730\u5316，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d \u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u540d\u5b57\u6c61\u67d3，namespace\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4（namespace）\u662f C++ \u7528namespace \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u628a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b）\u7684\u540d\u5b57"\u5173"\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u91cc，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u540d\u5b57\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2ac\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50：<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n

int rand = 10; \/\/ \u60f3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb rand \u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201crand\u201d: \u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49；\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u201d
\n printf("%d\\\\n", rand);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u62a5\u9519：\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a<stdlib.h> \u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a rand() \u51fd\u6570，\u53c8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf rand\u2014\u2014\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a，\u540d\u5b57\u649e\u8f66\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u5728 C \u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

C++ \u5f15\u5165 namespace \u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n

namespace \u540d\u5b57 \/\/ \u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u53ef\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u540d\u5b57\u7f29\u5199
\n{
\n \/\/ \u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf \/ \u51fd\u6570 \/ \u7c7b\u578b
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762rand\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3e\u4f8b，\u5c06rand\u653e\u5165namespace\u91cc，\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n

\/\/ 1. \u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49
\nnamespace hu
\n{
\n int rand = 10; \/\/ \u53d8\u91cf
\n}<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u7684 rand \u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488
\n printf("%p\\\\n", rand);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6307\u5b9a hu \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684 rand
\n printf("%d\\\\n", hu::rand);\/\/:: \u53eb\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u89e3\u6790\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

namespace \u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f"\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u8ddf\u5168\u5c40\u57df\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb，\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 rand \u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5168\u5c40\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 rand，hu \u57df\u91cc\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 rand\u3002<\/p>\n

3.c++\u4e2d\u76844\u79cd\u57df<\/h4>\n\n\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u67e5\u627e\u5f71\u54cd\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5c40\u90e8\u57df<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u57df<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u57df<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n\u274c \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7c7b\u57df<\/td>\n\u2705<\/td>\n\u274c \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u57df\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u8bed\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\/\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\u578b\u51fa\u5904（\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49）\u7684\u903b\u8f91，\u6240\u6709\u6709\u4e86\u57df\u9694\u79bb，\u540d\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u57df\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u57df\u9664\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u7f16\u8bd1\u67e5\u627e\u903b\u8f91，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f；\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u57df\u548c\u7c7b\u57df\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u5173\u952e：\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf（\u5b58\u5728\u9759\u6001\u533a\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f），\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6362\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

4.namespace \u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u5c40，\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957<\/h4>\n

namespace byte
\n{
\nnamespace hu {
\nint rand = 10;
\n}
\nnamespace yu {
\nint rand = 20;
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\nprintf("%d\\\\n", byte::hu::rand);
\nprintf("%d\\\\n", byte::yu::rand);
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u540d namespace \u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<\/h4>\n

\/\/ Stack.h
\n#pragma once
\n#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\n#include<stdbool.h>
\n#include<assert.h>
\nnamespace byte
\n{
\n typedef int STDataType;
\n typedef struct Stack
\n {
\n STDataType* a;
\n int top;
\n int capacity;
\n }ST;<\/p>\n

void STInit(ST* ps, int n);
\n void STDestroy(ST* ps);
\n void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x);
\n void STPop(ST* ps);
\n STDataType STTop(ST* ps);
\n int STSize(ST* ps);
\n bool STEmpty(ST* ps);
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ Stack.cpp
\n#include"Stack.h"
\nnamespace byte \/\/ \u540c\u540d \u2192 \u81ea\u52a8\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a bit \u4e2d
\n{
\n void STInit(ST* ps, int n)
\n {
\n assert(ps);
\n ps->a = (STDataType*)malloc(n * sizeof(STDataType));
\n ps->top = 0;
\n ps->capacity = n;
\n }
\n void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x) { \/* … *\/ }
\n \/\/ …
\n}<\/p>\n

6.\u540d\u5b57\u67e5\u627e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5230\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u627e<\/h4>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\/\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u6216\u8005\u5168\u5c40\u67e5\u627e，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5230\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\nnamespace byte
\n{
\n int a = 0;
\n int b = 1;
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519： \u201ca\u201d: \u672a\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26
\n printf("%d\\\\n", a);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u5230<\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\nnamespace byte
\n{
\n int a = 0;
\n int b = 1;
\n}
\nint main()
\n{
\n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519： \u201ca\u201d: \u672a\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26
\n printf("%d\\\\n",byte:: a);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

7.namespace\u76844\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\u65b9\u5f0f\u5199\u6cd5\u5efa\u8bae<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u2460 \u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\nN::a<\/td>\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2461 using \u5c06\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5c55\u5f00<\/td>\nusing N::b;<\/td>\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6210\u5458\u63a8\u8350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2462 \u5c55\u5f00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458<\/td>\nusing namespace N;<\/td>\n\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350，\u51b2\u7a81\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5927；\u65e5\u5e38\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u2460 \u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee
\nint main()
\n{
\n printf("%d\\\\n", N::a);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u2461 using \u5c06\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u5c55\u5f00<\/p>\n

\/\/ using \u5c55\u5f00\u67d0\u4e2a\u6210\u5458
\nusing N::b;
\nint main()
\n{
\n printf("%d\\\\n", N::a);
\n printf("%d\\\\n", b); \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 b \u4e86
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u2462 \u5c55\u5f00\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5c55\u5f00\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u5458
\nusing namespace N;
\nint main()
\n{
\n printf("%d\\\\n", a);
\n printf("%d\\\\n", b);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350 using namespace std;？<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u5012\u8fdb\u4e86\u5168\u5c40\u57df，\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\/\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u8ddf\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u649e\u4e86（\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e86\u4e2a count\u3001data\u3001swap），\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b67\u4e49\u6216\u610f\u5916\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7248\u672c，\u800c\u4e14\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u6781\u96be\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c：C++\u8f93\u2f0a\u548c\u8f93\u51fa<\/span><\/h3>\n

2.1\u00a0<\/span><iostream> \u4e0e\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n

<iostream> \u662f Input Output Stream（\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41） \u7684\u7f29\u5199，\u662f C++ \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u5e93，\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\u540d\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
std::cin<\/td>\nistream \u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u7a84\u5b57\u7b26（narrow characters, of type char）\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
std::cout<\/td>\nostream \u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u7a84\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
std::endl<\/td>\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570（\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f）<\/td>\n\u6d41\u63d2\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26 + \u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5728c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684hello world\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

int main()<\/p>\n

{
\nprintf("hello world\\\\n");
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728c++\u4e2d\u5219\u662f\u8fd9\u6837：<\/p>\n

#include<iostream>
\nint main()<\/p>\n

{
\nstd::cout <<" hello world\\\\n";
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

2.2\u00a0\u00a0<< \u548c >>：\u88ab"\u590d\u7528"\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n

<< \u662f\u6d41\u63d2\u5165\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26，>> \u662f\u6d41\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002（C \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u505a\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u5de6\u79fb\/\u53f3\u79fb）<\/p>\n

#include<iostream>
\nint main()<\/p>\n

{
\nstd::cout <<" hello world\\\\n";\/\/\u8f93\u51fa，\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6253\u5370hello world
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

#include<iostream>
\nint main()<\/p>\n

{
\nint a = 0;
\n\/\/std::cout <<" hello world\\\\n";
\nstd::cin >> a;\/\/\u8f93\u5165a\u7684\u503c
\nstd::cout << a;\/\/\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u6240\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u503c
\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

2.3\u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf：\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 C++ \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cf printf\/scanf \u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u90a3\u6837，\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f，C++ \u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
\n#include <iostream>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n int a = 0;
\n double b = 0.1;
\n char c = 'x';<\/p>\n

cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << endl;
\n std::cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << std::endl;<\/p>\n

scanf("%d%lf", &a, &b); \/\/ C \u98ce\u683c：\u5fc5\u987b\u5199 %d %lf
\n printf("%d %lf\\\\n", a, b);<\/p>\n

cin >> a; \/\/ C++ \u98ce\u683c：\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u578b
\n cin >> b >> c;
\n cout << a << endl;
\n cout << b << " " << c << endl;
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b <stdio.h>，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 printf \u548c scanf，\u5728\u5305\u542b <iostream> \u95f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u3002VS \u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684，\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4\u00a0\u00a0endl vs '\\\\n'：\u6362\u884c + \u5237\u65b0<\/h4>\n

std::endl \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570，\u6d41\u63d2\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u52a0\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

cout << "hello" << endl; \/\/ \u6362\u884c + \u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\ncout << "hello" << '\\\\n'; \/\/ \u53ea\u6362\u884c，\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u5927\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa（\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u3001\u7ade\u8d5b\u9898）\u7528 '\\\\n'，\u522b\u7528 endl；\u5426\u5219\u6bcf\u6b21\u5237\u65b0\u90fd\u4f1a\u62d6\u6162\u7a0b\u5e8f；<\/li>\n
  • \u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f\u7528 endl（\u5982\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u524d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2.5\u00a0\u00a0\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e using namespace std<\/h4>\n

    cout\/cin\/endl \u7b49\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93，C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb std（standard）\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d，\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u65e5\u5e38\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5 using namespace std，\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae using namespace std,\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream><\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n std::cout << "\u5fc5\u987b\u5199 std::" << std::endl; \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f1：\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee（\u9879\u76ee\u63a8\u8350）
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream>
    \nusing std::cout; \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f2：\u53ea\u5c55\u5f00\u9700\u8981\u7684（\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u6700\u5e38\u7528）
    \nusing std::endl;<\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n cout << "\u53ea\u5c55\u5f00\u7528\u5230\u7684\u540d\u5b57" << endl;
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream>
    \nusing namespace std; \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f3：\u5168\u90e8\u5c55\u5f00（\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60\u65b9\u4fbf，\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350）<\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n cout << "\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f46\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u98ce\u9669" << endl;
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u4e09：\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/h3>\n

    3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

    \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9e\u53c2\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u5f62\u53c2\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c，\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2，\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u5168\u7f3a\u7701\u548c\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    void Func(int a = 0) \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u7ed9 a \u6307\u5b9a\u7f3a\u7701\u503c 0
    \n{
    \n cout << a << endl;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n Func(); \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u53c2 \u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u7f3a\u7701\u503c 0，\u8f93\u51fa 0
    \n Func(10); \/\/ \u4f20\u53c2 \u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9e\u53c2 10，\u8f93\u51fa 10
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    3.2 \u5168\u7f3a\u7701 vs \u534a\u7f3a\u7701<\/h4>\n

    \u5168\u7f3a\u7701\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u5f62\u53c2\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c，\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u5c31\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5f62\u53c2\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

    #include <iostream>
    \nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5168\u7f3a\u7701：\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u53c2\u90fd\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
    \nvoid Func1(int a = 10, int b = 20, int c = 30)
    \n{
    \n cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    \n cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    \n cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u534a\u7f3a\u7701：\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f62\u53c2\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
    \nvoid Func2(int a, int b = 10, int c = 20)
    \n{
    \n cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    \n cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    \n cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    int main()
    \n{
    \n Func1(); \/\/ 10 20 30
    \n Func1(1); \/\/ 1 20 30
    \n Func1(1, 2); \/\/ 1 2 30
    \n Func1(1, 2, 3); \/\/ 1 2 3<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Func2(); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：a \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
    \n Func2(100); \/\/ 100 10 20
    \n Func2(100, 200); \/\/ 100 200 20
    \n Func2(100, 200, 300); \/\/ 100 200 300
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    3.2.1\u00a0\u00a0C++ \u89c4\u5b9a\u534a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fde\u7eed\u7f3a\u7701，\u4e0d\u80fd\u95f4\u9694\u8df3\u8dc3\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/h5>\n

    \/\/ \u6b63\u786e：\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u8fde\u7eed
    \nvoid f(int a, int b = 2, int c = 3); \/\/ \u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u662f b\u3001c（\u53f3\u8fb9\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a）<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u9519\u8bef：\u4e2d\u95f4\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e86
    \n\/\/void f(int a = 1, int b, int c = 3); \/\/ b \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u6ca1\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
    \n\/\/void f(int a = 1, int b = 2, int c); \/\/ \u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u53cd\u800c\u6ca1\u7f3a\u7701\u503c<\/p>\n

    3.2.2\u00a0\u5e26\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528，C++ \u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4f9d\u6b21\u7ed9\u5b9e\u53c2，\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u8dc3\u7ed9\u5b9e\u53c2\u3002<\/h5>\n

    void f(int a, int b = 2, int c = 3);<\/p>\n

    f(1); \/\/ a=1, b=2, c=3
    \nf(1, 5); \/\/ a=1, b=5, c=3
    \nf(1, 5, 8); \/\/ a=1, b=5, c=8<\/p>\n

    \/\/ f(1, , 8); \/\/ \u8bed\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5，\u4e0d\u80fd"\u8df3\u8fc7 b \u53ea\u7ed9 c"<\/p>\n

    3.2.3\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb\u65f6，\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0，\u89c4\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u7ed9\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/h5>\n

    \/\/ Stack.h
    \n#include <iostream>
    \n#include <assert.h>
    \nusing namespace std;
    \ntypedef int STDataType;
    \ntypedef struct Stack
    \n{
    \n STDataType* a;
    \n int top;
    \n int capacity;
    \n}ST;<\/p>\n

    void STInit(ST* ps, int n = 4); \/\/ \u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u7ed9\u5728\u3010\u58f0\u660e\u3011\u5904<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Stack.cpp
    \n#include"Stack.h"<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9
    \nvoid STInit(ST* ps, int n) \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u3010\u4e0d\u5199\u3011\u7f3a\u7701\u503c
    \n{
    \n assert(ps && n > 0);
    \n ps->a = (STDataType*)malloc(n * sizeof(STDataType));
    \n ps->top = 0;
    \n ps->capacity = n;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \/\/ test.cpp
    \n#include"Stack.h"
    \nint main()
    \n{
    \n ST s1;
    \n STInit(&s1); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u7f3a\u7701\u503c 4<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u786e\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u63d2\u5165 1000 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e，\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u4e00\u628a\u5f00\u597d，\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9
    \n ST s2;
    \n STInit(&s2, 1000); \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9e\u53c2
    \n return 0;
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u5b9a？<\/h4>\n

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u3001\u5728"\u8c03\u7528\u70b9"\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e"\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6"，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u5230 STInit(&s1) \u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u5f53\u573a\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210 STInit(&s1, 4)\u3002\u800c：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • test.cpp \u53ea #include "Stack.h"，\u5b83\u770b\u4e0d\u5230 Stack.cpp \u91cc\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49；<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u5199\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49（.cpp）\u91cc，test.cpp \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u7f3a\u7701\u503c，\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5"\u53c2\u6570\u592a\u5c11"\u7684\u9519\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u56db：\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h3>\n

      4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

      C++ \u652f\u6301\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570，\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u4e0d\u540c，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837 C++ \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6001\u884c\u4e3a，\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002C \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      4.2\u00a0\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n

      #include<iostream>
      \nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 1\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c
      \nint Add(int left, int right)
      \n{
      \n cout << "int Add(int left, int right)" << endl;
      \n return left + right;
      \n}
      \ndouble Add(double left, double right)
      \n{
      \n cout << "double Add(double left, double right)" << endl;
      \n return left + right;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 2\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c
      \nvoid f()
      \n{
      \n cout << "f()" << endl;
      \n}
      \nvoid f(int a)
      \n{
      \n cout << "f(int a)" << endl;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \/\/ 3\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c
      \nvoid f(int a, char b)
      \n{
      \n cout << "f(int a,char b)" << endl;
      \n}
      \nvoid f(char b, int a)
      \n{
      \n cout << "f(char b, int a)" << endl;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n Add(10, 20); \/\/ \u2192 int Add(int left, int right)
      \n Add(10.1, 20.2); \/\/ \u2192 double Add(double left, double right)
      \n f(); \/\/ \u2192 f()
      \n f(10); \/\/ \u2192 f(int a)
      \n f(10, 'a'); \/\/ \u2192 f(int a,char b)
      \n f('a', 10); \/\/ \u2192 f(char b, int a)
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      4.3\u00a0\u56db\u79cd"\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u91cd\u8f7d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f"\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n

      4.3.1\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0d\u540c \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8f7d\u6761\u4ef6<\/h5>\n

      \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8f7d\u6761\u4ef6，\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206
      \n\/\/void fxx()
      \n\/\/{}
      \n\/\/
      \n\/\/int fxx()
      \n\/\/{
      \n\/\/ return 0;
      \n\/\/}<\/p>\n

      4.3.2\u00a0\u4ec5\u9876\u5c42 const \u4fee\u9970\u503c\u53c2\u6570 \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8f7d<\/h5>\n

      void g(int a);
      \n\/\/void g(const int a); \/\/ \u62a5"\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49"：\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

      4.3.3\u00a0\u4f46 const \u4fee\u9970"\u5f15\u7528\/\u6307\u9488\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61" \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8f7d（\u5f15\u7528\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u8bb2）<\/h5>\n

      void h(int& x); \/\/ \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c
      \nvoid h(const int& x); \/\/ const \u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c（\u8fd8\u80fd\u63a5\u53f3\u503c）\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d<\/p>\n

      int a = 1;
      \nh(a); \/\/ \u2192 h(int&)
      \nh(10); \/\/ \u2192 h(const int&) \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed1 const \u5f15\u7528
      \nconst int b = 2;
      \nh(b); \/\/ \u2192 h(const int&)<\/p>\n

      4.3.4\u00a0\u4ec5\u9760\u7f3a\u7701\u53c2\u6570 \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d，\u53cd\u800c\u5236\u9020\u6b67\u4e49<\/h5>\n

      void f(int a);
      \nvoid f(int a = 1); \/\/ \u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d（\u5f62\u53c2\u5217\u8868\u76f8\u540c）\u2192 \u62a5\u91cd\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n

      \u4e94：\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n

      5.1 \u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

      \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf，\u800c\u662f\u7ed9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d，\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5b83\u548c\u5b83\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 \u6bd4\u5982：\u6c34\u6d52\u4f20\u4e2d\u674e\u9035，\u5b8b\u6c5f\u53eb"\u94c1\u725b"，\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e0a\u4eba\u79f0"\u9ed1\u65cb\u98ce"；\u6797\u51b2，\u5916\u53f7\u8c79\u5b50\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7c7b\u578b& \u5f15\u7528\u522b\u540d = \u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61;<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 1.& \u7d27\u8ddf\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u540e\u9762（int& b），\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u540e\u9762\u3002int & b \u548c int& b \u7b49\u4ef7<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2.\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316，int& ra; \u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519；<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3.\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u5740，&b \u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f a \u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

      5.2 \u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1.\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2.\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a03.\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u65e6\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53，\u518d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n int a = 10;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201cra\u201d: \u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f15\u7528
      \n \/\/int& ra;<\/p>\n

      int& b = a;
      \n int c = 20;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u975e\u8ba9 b \u5f15\u7528 c，\u56e0\u4e3a C++ \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411，
      \n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d4b\u503c
      \n b = c;<\/p>\n

      cout << &a << endl; \/\/ \u4e0e &b \u76f8\u540c
      \n cout << &b << endl;
      \n cout << &c << endl; \/\/ \u4e0e\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      5.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

      \u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u505a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e2d\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u8ddf\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u53c2\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684，\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

      5.3.1\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u53c2<\/h5>\n

      \u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u53c2<\/p>\n

      void Swap(int& rx, int& ry)
      \n{
      \n int tmp = rx;
      \n rx = ry;
      \n ry = tmp;
      \n}
      \nint main()
      \n{
      \n int x = 0, y = 1;
      \n cout << x << " " << y << endl; \/\/ 0 1
      \n Swap(x, y); \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u53d8\u91cf\u540d，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 &x, &y
      \n cout << x << " " << y << endl; \/\/ 1 0
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      5.3.2\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u505a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h5>\n

      \u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u8ba9\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u4e3a"\u5de6\u503c"<\/p>\n

      int& STTop(ST& rs)
      \n{
      \n return rs.a[rs.top];
      \n} \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f15\u7528
      \nSTTop(st1) += 10; \/\/ \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e rs.a[rs.top] += 10<\/p>\n

      5.4\u00a0\u4e0d\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528（\u91ce\u5f15\u7528）<\/h4>\n

      \u4f20\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020，\u4f20\u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de，\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u522b\u540d（\u5f15\u7528），\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u5c40\u90e8\u57df\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61，\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u9500\u6bc1\u4e86，\u90a3\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684，\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ce\u5f15\u7528，\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f20\u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d，\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8fd8\u5728，\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

      \/\/ Date Func2()
      \nDate& Func2()
      \n{
      \n Date tmp(2024, 7, 5);
      \n tmp.Print();
      \n return tmp; \/\/ tmp \u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61，\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u9500\u6bc1
      \n}<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n Date ret = Func2(); \/\/ \u8bfb\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u9500\u6bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684"\u5e7d\u7075\u5185\u5b58" \u2014\u2014 \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a
      \n ret.Print();
      \n}<\/p>\n

      5.5\u00a0const \u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n

      5.5.1\u00a0\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u5219：\u6743\u9650\u53ea\u80fd\u7f29\u5c0f，\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5927<\/h5>\n

      \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a const \u5bf9\u8c61，\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 const \u5f15\u7528\u3002const \u5f15\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u5c0f，\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n const int a = 10;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cconst int\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &\u201d
      \n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5bf9 a \u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u653e\u5927
      \n \/\/int& ra = a;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5
      \n const int& ra = a;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201cra\u201d: \u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5e38\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c
      \n \/\/ra++;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5bf9 b \u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f
      \n int b = 20;
      \n const int& rb = b;<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201crb\u201d: \u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5e38\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c
      \n \/\/rb++;<\/p>\n

      return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      5.5.2\u00a0\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 const \u5f15\u7528<\/h5>\n

      \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c int& rb = a*3; double d = 12.34; int& rd = d; \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b a*3 \u7684\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d，int& rd = d \u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u95f4\u503c，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u65f6，rb \u548c rd \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61，\u800c C++ \u89c4\u5b9a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u6709\u5e38\u6027，\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u6743\u9650\u653e\u5927，\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u6240\u8c13\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6682\u5b58\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61，C++ \u4e2d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n int a = 10;<\/p>\n

      const int& ra = 30; \/\/\u5b57\u9762\u91cf \u2192 \u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519: \u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cint\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &\u201d
      \n \/\/ int& rb = a * 3;
      \n const int& rb = a * 3; \/\/\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u679c \u2192 \u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

      double d = 12.34;
      \n \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519：\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u201d: \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u201cdouble\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cint &\u201d
      \n \/\/ int& rd = d;
      \n const int& rd = d; \/\/\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362 \u2192 \u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

      return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      5.6\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h4>\n\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u9488<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8bed\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53d6\u522b\u540d，\u4e0d\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740，\u8981\u5f00\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u5efa\u8bae\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u4f46\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u80fd\u5426\u6539\u6307\u5411<\/td>\n\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u624d\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sizeof \u542b\u4e49<\/td>\n\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\n\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u5360\u5b57\u8282\u6570（32 \u4f4d 4 \u5b57\u8282，64 \u4f4d 8 \u5b57\u8282）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u6307\u9488\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u95ee\u9898，\u5f15\u7528\u5f88\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0，\u5f15\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u4e9b<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u516d：\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570（inline)<\/h3>\n

      6.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n

      \u7528 inline \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570，\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6 C++ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c55\u5f00\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd9\u6837\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u6808\u5e27\u4e86，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

      inline int Add(int x, int y)
      \n{
      \n int ret = x + y;
      \n ret += 1;
      \n return ret;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n int ret = Add(1, 2); \/\/ \u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e：
      \n \/\/ int x = 1, y = 2;
      \n \/\/ int ret_tmp = x + y;
      \n \/\/ ret_tmp += 1;
      \n \/\/ int ret = ret_tmp;
      \n cout << Add(1, 2) * 5 << endl;
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \u4f18\u52bf：<\/p>\n

    • \u7701\u6389\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500（\u538b\u6808\u3001\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u5efa\u6808\u5e27\u3001\u8fd4\u56de）；<\/li>\n
    • \u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u80fd\u505a\u8de8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u5316（\u5e38\u91cf\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6d88\u9664\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5206\u914d\u7b49）\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u91cc inline \u7684\u66f4\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7eaf\u5e38\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97：<\/li>\n

      6.2\u00a0\u4e94\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9<\/h4>\n

      6.2.1\u00a0\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a"\u5efa\u8bae"，\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n

      inline \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u4f60\u52a0\u4e86 inline \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00，\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5173\u4e8e inline \u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u5c55\u5f00\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c，\u56e0\u4e3a C++ \u6807\u51c6\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a<\/p>\n

      6.2.2\u00a0\u53ea\u9002\u5408"\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u77ed\u5c0f\u51fd\u6570"<\/h5>\n

      inline \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u77ed\u5c0f\u51fd\u6570，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570，\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u52a0\u4e0a inline \u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u8054\u662f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u79ef\u6362\u901f\u5ea6：<\/p>\n

      inline void Big(int x) \/\/ 500 \u884c\u4ee3\u7801
      \n{
      \n \/\/ … \u5927\u91cf\u903b\u8f91
      \n}
      \n\/\/ \u5728 100 \u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8c03\u7528 \u2192 \u4ee3\u7801\u4f53\u79ef\u66b4\u589e 100 \u500d<\/p>\n

      6.2.3\u00a0VS \u7684 Debug \u7248\u672c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00<\/h5>\n

      vs \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 debug \u7248\u672c\u4e0b\u9762\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00 inline \u7684，\u8fd9\u6837\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5，debug \u7248\u672c\u60f3\u5c55\u5f00\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002VS \u91cc\u6253\u5f00\u5185\u8054\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e： \u9879\u76ee\u5c5e\u6027 \u2192 C\/C++ \u2192 \u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n

      6.2.4\u00a0\u00a0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f"\u66ff\u4ee3 C \u7684\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570"<\/h5>\n

      C \u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00，\u4f46\u662f\u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684，\u4e14\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a ADD \u5b8f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898
      \n\/\/#define ADD(int a, int b) return a + b; \/\/ \u5b8f\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u7c7b\u578b！\u5b8f\u662f\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362，\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u6570
      \n\/\/#define ADD(a, b) a + b; \/\/ \u6ca1\u6709\u62ec\u53f7，\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5168\u4e71
      \n\/\/#define ADD(a, b) (a + b) \/\/ \u7f3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u62ec\u53f7<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b8f\u5b9e\u73b0
      \n#define ADD(a, b) ((a) + (b))<\/p>\n

      int main()
      \n{
      \n int ret = ADD(1, 2);
      \n cout << ADD(1, 2) << endl;
      \n cout << ADD(1, 2)*5 << endl; \/\/\u7f3a\u5916\u5c42\u62ec\u53f7 \u2192 1 + 2*5 = 11（\u9519！）
      \n int x = 1, y = 2;
      \n ADD(x & y, x | y); \/\/ -> (x&y+x|y) \u7f3a\u5185\u5c42\u62ec\u53f7 \u2192 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9519\u4e71
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      6.2.5\u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb（\u5426\u5219\u94fe\u63a5\u9519\u8bef）<\/h5>\n

      inline \u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6，\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u94fe\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a inline \u88ab\u5c55\u5f00，\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740，\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

      \/\/ F.h
      \n#include <iostream>
      \nusing namespace std;
      \ninline void f(int i);<\/p>\n

      \/\/ F.cpp
      \n#include "F.h"
      \nvoid f(int i)
      \n{
      \n cout << i << endl;
      \n}<\/p>\n

      \/\/ main.cpp
      \n#include "F.h"
      \nint main()
      \n{
      \n \/\/ \u94fe\u63a5\u9519\u8bef：\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7b26\u53f7
      \n f(10);
      \n return 0;
      \n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u524d\u8a00：C\u517c\u5bb9C\u8bed\u2f94\u7edd\u2f24\u591a\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5，\u6240\u4ee5C\u8bed\u2f94\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684hello world\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u2f8f，C\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b9a\u4e49\u2f42\u4ef6 \u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7f00\u6539\u4e3a.cpp，vs\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u5230\u662f.cpp\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u2f64C\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00：\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4（namespace）1.\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5728C\/C\u4e2d，\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u540e\u2faf\u8981\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u2f24\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\u7684，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c06\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u2f64\u57df\u4e2d，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[55,371,190,124],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-105374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-c","tag-371","tag-190","tag-124"],"yoast_head":"\nc++\u5165\u95e8 - 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